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Florida Panhandle[edit]
- Knapp, J. G. Only one Florida: Considered from Every Point of View. Jacksonville: W. T. Forbes & Company, 1886. - "Northwest Florida" includes "counties west of the Suwannee River and north of the 30th parallel: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Leon, Gadsden, Wakulla, Liberty, Jackson, Holmes, Washington, Walton, Santa Rosa, and Escambia, and parts of Calhoun, Franklin, and Taylor." [note - Dixie and Okaloosa did not exist yet - double check]
- DeBolt, Dean. "The Florida Panhandle," pp.404-445 in The Book Lover's Guide to Florida, ed. Kevin M. McCarthy. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, 1992. DeBolt, a librarian at the University of West Florida in Pensacola, limits the Panhandle to the counties west of the Apalachicola. This chapter contains an invaluable, extensive bibliography of historical and current writings by residents and outsiders about the Panhandle, including novels, short fiction, drama, biography, history, journalism, essays, poetry, and songs.
- Rupert, Frank R. A Fossil Hunter's Guide to the Geology of Panhandle Florida. Florida Geological Survey, Florida Dept. of Env. Prot., 1994, accessed 11 July 2011. - Panhandle extends through Jefferson County. Map on page 3.
- "Panhandle East Region," Office of Greenways & Trails, Fla. Dept. of Env. Prot., 2002, accessed 11 July 2011 - Panhandle East includes Gulf, Liberty, Franklin, Gadsden, Leon, Wakulla, Jefferson, Madison, and Taylor.
- "Florida's Alternative and Renewable Fuel Station Locator," Florida Department of Agriculture, 2004, accessed 11 July 2011 - "West Florida" extends to Madison and Taylor counties.
- "Florida Regions and Attractions Map," campinflorida.com, 2009, accessed 11 July 2011 - Panhandle extends through Jefferson county.
- "Travel Guide To Florida's 8 Geographic Regions," florida-backroads-travel.com, 2009, accessed 11 July 2011 - "Northwest Florida" includes all counties west of the Apalachicola, plus Liberty and Franklin.
- Note:
- Frommer's Florida 2011 - high season is summer in the Panhandle, opposite of South Fla.
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- Other:
- The Highway Traveler, 1955. - earliest mention of "Miracle Strip":
- Northwest Florida: Here a famous white sand beach known as the Miracle Strip curves around the blue waters of the Gulf of Mexico for over 100 miles. See Pensacola where history dates back to the DeLuna settlement of 1559 . . . .
- 1970 tourist ads with stylized map in Life and the New Yorker divide the Panhandle into the Miracle Strip and the Big Bend.
- Miracle Strip Parkway - 1965 Legislature - "designating certain portions of US 98 in Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, Walton and Bay counties as "The Miracle Strip Parkway"
- Redneck Riviera:
- Newsweek, date not shown, 1979 - article about football player Ken Stabler:
- Padecky, who was in Miami, rented a car and drove to Stabler's hometown of Gulf Shores, Ala. - a tiny resort that is known as "Redneck Riviera."
- Film Bulletin, Vol. 49, 1980. - Description of Hollywood films planned or in production (including Meryl Streep in what became known as Silkwood), includes "Redneck Riviera, a modern day comedy-drama being scripted by James Carabatsos and based on a magazine article by Geoffrey Norman."
- Hemphill, Paul. Too Old to Cry. 1981. - snippet view.
- Fast Freddie and Herman spent two months this winter drinking beer and riding Ferris wheels at the Florida resort in Panama City everybody calls the "Redneck Riviera."
- McGuane, Thomas. Nobody's Angel." Random House, 1981, p. 50. - "Padre Island is kind of a redneck Riviera."
- Congressional Districts in the 1980s, Congressional Quarterly, Inc., October 1983, p. 113. ISBN 0871872641
- The roughly 100-mile stretch of beach from Pensacola to Panama City, dubbed the "Miracle Strip" by civic boosters, also has been called the "Redneck Riviera" because it attracts a large number of visitors from nearby Georgia, Alabama, and other Southeastern states.
- McGarry, Betty. Snowbirds' Guide to Florida Retirement. Pineapple Press, 1984, p. 4.
- The beautiful coast from Pensacola to Panama City, once dubbed the "Redneck Riviera," is being built up so fast that building cranes dominate the skyline.'
- The Florida Handbook, Peninsular Publishing, 1985. - snippet view.
- A roving newsman, Claude Jenkins, first used the name, "Miracle Strip," in the DeFuniak Springs weekly The Breeze, after having been struck by the beauty of the coast after topping a hill in Walton County where U. S. 98 runs along the Gulf of Mexico. The Miracle Strip is regarded as being the area of coast between Panama City Beach and Fort Walton Beach. It also has been called the "Emerald Coast," but the very informal tag of "Redneck Riviera" has persisted among those who delight in its atmosphere.
- Air Force Magazine, United States Air Force, Volume 68, 1985. -
- As we make the approach, the private lightning is replaced by the glittering lights of Panama City Beach, first stop on the "Redneck Riviera" that stretches from Panama City to Biloxi, from Tyndall to Keesler.
- Canis, Wayne F. Living with the Alabama-Mississippi Shore. Duke University Press, 1985, p. 6.
- Gulf Shores - Perdido Key is affectionately known as the "Redneck Riviera," again with a Mediterranean connotation, and the Riviera theme is widespread. A boast of the "world's whitest beaches" also is good advertising copy.
Women's education[edit]
| Year | Total enrollment | Percentage of women |
|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 52,286 | 21.3 |
| 1880 | 115,817 | 32.7 |
| 1890 | 156,756 | 35.9 |
| 1900 | 237,592 | 35.9 |
| 1910 | 355,213 | 39.6 |
| 1920 | 597,880 | 47.3 |
| 1930 | 1,100,737 | 43.7 |
| 1940 | 1,494,203 | 40.2 |
| 1950 | 2,659,021 | 30.3 |
| 1960 | 3,639,847 | 35.9 |
| 1970 | 8,004,660 | 40.7 |
| 1980 | 11,569,899 | 50.9 |
| 1990 | 13,538,560 | 54.3 |
| 1997 | 14,367,530 | 55.6 |
Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education / Women's Degree Attainment
| Year | Total enrollment | Percentage of women | Associate degree (percent earned by women) | Bachelor's degree (percent earned by women) | Master's degree (percent earned by women) | Doctorate (percent earned by women) | First professional degree (percent earned by women) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 52,286 | 21.3 | -- | 14.7 | -- | 0 | -- |
| 1880 | 115,817 | 32.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1890 | 156,756 | 35.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1900 | 237,592 | 35.9 | -- | 19.1 | 19.1 | 1.3 | -- |
| 1910 | 355,213 | 39.6 | -- | 22.7 | 26.4 | 9.9 | -- |
| 1920 | 597,880 | 47.3 | -- | 34.2 | 30.2 | 15.1 | -- |
| 1930 | 1,100,737 | 43.7 | -- | 39.9 | 40.4 | 15.4 | -- |
| 1940 | 1,494,203 | 40.2 | -- | 31.3 | 38.2 | 13.0 | -- |
| 1950 | 2,659,021 | 30.3 | -- | 23.9 | 29.2 | 9.6 | -- |
| 1960 | 3,639,847 | 35.9 | -- | 35.3 | 31.6 | 10.5 | -- |
| 1970 | 8,004,660 | 40.7 | 43.0 | 43.1 | 39.7 | 13.3 | 5.3 |
| 1980 | 11,569,899 | 50.9 | 54.2 | 49.0 | 49.4 | 29.7 | 24.8 |
| 1990 | 13,538,560 | 54.3 | 58.0 | 53.2 | 52.6 | 36.4 | 38.1 |
| 1997 | 14,367,530 | 55.6 | Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
SAL map, revised[edit]
Revised by me, 8/31/10, based on suggestions by bamse at [[1]].
IGRA table[edit]
| Year / Rodeos Held | Convention | President | Mr. IGRA | Ms. IGRA | Miss IGRA (male-to-female drag) | MsTer IGRA (female-to-male drag) | Finals Rodeo | Grand Marshals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Denver | Wayne Jakino, CGRA | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| 1986 / 5 | Denver | Wayne Jakino | Gary Oliver, CGRA | Jeannie Nelson, CGRA | Fritz Capone (Jim Freeman), OGRA | -- | -- | -- |
| 1987 / 6 | Albuquerque | Les Krambeal, OGRA | Tony Lazano, TGRA | Dee Godwin, OGRA | Misty Michaels (Steve Rogers), KGRA | -- | San Francisco | Shanti Project |
| 1988 / 7 | Fort Worth | Les Krambeal | -- | -- | -- | -- | Reno (see note below) | Lynn Copeland & Wayne Jakino |
| 1989 / 7 | Albuquerque | Gerald Ford, TGRA | Jerry Hubbard, GSGRA | Connie Clovis, KGRA | Magnolia Spirits (Buddy Sojourner), CGRA | -- | Phoenix | Ed Buck |
| 1990 / 7 | Wichita | Linn Copeland, KGRA | Larry Brumley, OGRA | Laura O'Neill, CGRA | Moosala (Mark Church), AGRA | -- | Phoenix | Katie Southwick |
| 1991 / 10 | Albuquerque | Bob Pimentel, NMGRA | Scott Burleson, MGRA | Linda Sullo, GSGRA | Hollie Woods (David Anaya), AGRA | -- | Wichita | The Names Project |
| 1992 / 13 | St. Paul | Bob Pimentel | Jim Carter, OGRA | RC Cuellar, CGRA | Roxie Heart (John Kingston), KGRA | -- | Phoenix | Wayne Jakino |
| 1993 / 16 | Billings | Roger Bergmann, GSGRA | Ron Neff, CGRA | Dee Zuspann, KGRA | Chili Pepper (Tony Valdez), TGRA | -- | Fort Worth | Gerald Ford |
| 1994 / 21 | Little Rock | Roger Bergmann | J.R. Duran, NMGRA | Joanne Bawiec, ASGRA | Miss Tessie (Tim Smith), SEGRA | -- | Denver | Greg Olson |
| 1995 / 22 | Chicago | Roger Bergmann | Mark Burdine, NMGRA | Desiree Gronwald, CGRA | DeShannon (Mitch Gill), TGRA | -- | Denver | Roger Bergmann |
| 1996 / 20 | Omaha | Tom Vance, NSGRA | Michael Vrooman, CGRA | Shugar Vigil, NMGRA | Naomi La'Rell (Quentin Sims), CGRA | -- | Albuquerque | Connie Lee |
| 1997 / 18 | Salt Lake City | Tom Vance | Tommy Channel, CGRA | Sherry Reedy, AGRA | Tori Hart (Rohn Roldan), CGRA | -- | Phoenix | Tom Vance |
| 1998 / 20 | Baltimore | Linda Frazier, KGRA | Kurt McGregor, AGRA | Tamara Marks, MIGRA | Beverly DeMarco (Anthony D.), NMGRA | -- | Phoenix | Glenn Gore |
| 1999 / 19 | Long Beach | Linda Frazier | Douglas Graff, GSGRA | Laura Scott, NGRA | DeShannon (Mitch Gill), NGRA | -- | Little Rock | Ron Trusley |
| 2000 / 17 | Las Vegas | Craig Allen Rouse, GSGRA | Daniel Lusk, ASGRA | Lonni LaBel, ASGRA | Harley Quinn (Michael Vrooman), ILGRA | -- | Albuquerque | Thom Sloan |
| 2001 / 17 | Long Beach | Craig Allen Rouse | Michael Cunningham, ILGRA | Erin Leavey, SEGRA | Victoria London (Scott Tickler), AGRA | -- | Palm Springs | Jose Sarria, aka "The Widow Norton" |
| 2002 / 19 | Cleveland | Craig Allen Rouse | Mark Larson, NSGRA | Lize MacDonald, NGRA | Bianca St John (Kenny Cunitz), CGRA | -- | Wichita | Fritz Capone |
| 2003 / 19 | Phoenix | Craig Allen Rouse | David Westman, CGRA | Mary Munger, CGRA | Jada McRae (Jay Carlson), ILGRA | -- | Tulsa | Patrick Terry |
| 2004 / 20 | Denver | Craig Allen Rouse | Eric Hanson, GSGRA | Julie Brown, DSRA | Mandy Barbarell (Andrew Goodman), MGRA | -- | Omaha | Tamara Marks |
| 2005 / 20 | Calgary | Brian Helander, AGRA | Ken Pool, CGRA | Gaylia Young, AGRA | Pussy LeHoot (Kevin McSweeny), AGRA | -- | Dallas | James Ramey |
| 2006 / 20 | Nashville | Brian Helander | Steve Wollert, GSGRA | Kimberley Kay, CGRA | Jymmye Jaymes (James Young), ASGRA | -- | Reno | Keith Ann, Mitch Gill |
| 2007 / 18 | Kansas City | Brian Helander | Clyde Mitter, CGRA | -- | Destiny B. Childs (Ric Legg), ASGRA | -- | Denver | Wayne Jakino |
| 2008 / 20 | New Orleans | Brian Helander | Gary Rushton, AGRA | Janet Jenkins, CGRA | -- | -- | Denver | John King |
| 2009 / 16 | Toronto | Brian Helander | Wade Earp, TGRA | Sharon Starks, AGRA | Aspen Vail, (Steve Sublett) CGRA | Rocket Coxx, (Jamie Light) CGRA | Albuquerque | Lorrie Murphy |
| 2010 / 17 | Reno | Brian Helander | Roger Courtemanche, CGRA | -- | Ionna Doublewide, AGRA | -- | Lauglin, NV |
-- |
| 2011 / 15 | San Diego | Doug Graff, NGRA | Michael Butts, AGRA | Sharon Starks, AGRA | Kimberli Foxx, NGRA | -- | Fort Worth | -- |
Note: In 1988, "A contract with a private ranch sixty miles east of Reno was made void when the local homophobic District Attorney filed an injunction two days before the rodeo in order to stop the event. Two days in court as well as a trip to the Nevada Supreme Court failed to overturn the injunction," according to the IGRA website. As a result, no finals were held that year.