Timeline of Nuremberg
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nuremberg, Germany.
Prior to 15th century[edit]
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15th–16th centuries[edit]
- 1424 – Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire relocated to Nuremberg.
- 1427 – Ownership of Castle transferred to city.
- 1437 – Black Death.
- 1445 – Stadtbibliothek (city library) established.[7]
- 1470 – Anton Koberger printer in business.[8]
- 1484 - Reformacion der Stat Nuremberg (legal code) with Jewry Oath published[9]
- 1485 - Kuchenmeysterey cookbook published.[10]
- 1486 – Karlsbrücke (Nürnberg) (bridge) built.
- 1488 - Sigmund Meisterlin writes Nürnberger Chronik, a history of the city.
- 1492 – Martin Behaim creates Erdapfel (geographical globe).
- 1493 – Schedel's Liber Chronicarum published.
- 1495 – Artist Albrecht Dürer sets up workshop.
- 1505
- City territory expanded per Landshut War of Succession.
- Clockmaker Peter Henlein active (see Watch 1505)
- 1519
- St. Sebaldus Church built.[1]
- Bratwurstglocklein tavern in business (approximate date).[4]
- 1525 – Protestant Reformation.
- 1526 – Lutheran Melanchthon's Gymnasium opens.[2]
- 1532 – City hosts religious Peace of Nuremberg agreement.[1]
- 1541 - February: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor visits city.[11]
- 1543 – De revolutionibus orbium coelestium by Nicolaus Copernicus published.
- 1550 - St. Martha church in use as a theatre space by meistersinger Sachs.[12]
- 1561 – April: Celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg.
- 1573 - Wenzel Jamnitzer a distinguished goldsmith represented the Goldsmiths on the Nuremberg city council.[3]
- 1583 - Herrenschiesshaus built.
- 1598 – Fleisch Bridge built over Pegnitz.
17th–18th centuries[edit]
- 1619 – Nürnberger Rathaus (town hall) rebuilt.[1][3]
- 1632 – Siege of Nuremberg.
- 1662 – Academy of Fine Arts established.
- 1668 – Simplicissimus (novel) published.[13]
- 1695 – Pachelbel becomes organist of St. Sebaldus Church.[14]
- 1718 – St. Egidien Church rebuilt.[2]
- 1728 – Karlsbrücke (Nürnberg) (bridge) built.
- 1750 - Population: 30,000.
- 1792 – Kunstverein Nürnberg (art association) founded.
19th century[edit]
- 1806
- 23 September: Polish 2nd Northern Legion formed in Nuremberg.[15]
- City becomes part of the Kingdom of Bavaria, per Treaty of Confederation of the Rhine.[3]
- 1810
- Catholic parish established.
- Population: 28,544.
- 1817 – City becomes part of the Bavarian Rezatkreis district.
- 1818 - Population: 27,000. [3]
- 1825 – Gostenhof and Johannisfriedhof become part of city.
- 1833 – New City Theatre built on Lorenzer Platz.
- 1835 – Bavarian Ludwigsbahn railway (Fürth-Nuremberg) begins operating.[16]
- 1841 – Eisengießerei Klett & Comp. engineering firm in business.
- 1844 – Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof opens.
- 1852
- German Museum established.
- Population: 53,638.
- 1859 – Nuremberg–Schwandorf railway begins operating.
- 1861 - Population: 62,797.[17]
- 1868 – Bayerisches Gewerbemuseum (museum) founded.[18]
- 1871 – Albrecht Dürer's House museum established.
- 1875 - Population: 91,018.
- 1878 – Verein fur Geschichte der Stadt (city history society) active.[18]
- 1882 – Numismatic Society founded.[18]
- 1883 – Nuremberg–Cheb railway in operation.
- 1885 – Schuckert & Co. engineering firm in business.[19]
- 1889 – Verein von Freunden der Photographie (photo group) founded.[18]
- 1899
- Nuremberg Photography Society founded.[18]
- Railway museum opens.
- 1900
- Emil Meßthaler's Intimes Theater opens.[20]
- Population: 261,081.
20th century[edit]
- 1905
- New Staatstheater Nürnberg inaugurated.
- Population: 294,344.[3]
- 1912 – Nuremberg Zoo opens.[21]
- 1916 – Palace of Justice built.
- 1927 – August: 3rd Nazi Party Congress held.
- 1928 – Frankenstadion (stadium) opens.
- 1929 – August: 4th Nazi Party Congress held.
- 1930 - Population: 416,700.
- 1933 – 30 August-3 September: 5th Nazi Party Congress held; Riefenstahl's Der Sieg des Glaubens filmed.
- 1934
- July: 4th Deutsche Kampfspiele (athletic event) held in Frankenstadion.
- September: 6th Nazi Party Congress held; Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will filmed.
- 1937 – Deutsches Stadion construction begins (never completed).
- 1938 – Expulsion of Polish Jews.
- 1939 – Internment camp for civilian prisoners established (future Stalag XIII-D POW camp).
- 1940 – Oflag XIII-A prisoner-of-war camp for French, British, Belgian, Polish and Serbian officers established in Langwasser.[22]
- 1941
- March: Oflag XIII-B POW camp for Serbian officers established in Langwasser.[22]
- May: Forced labour camp established at the SS barracks.[23]
- 1942
- 1943
- April: Oflag XIII-B POW camp relocated to Hammelburg.[22]
- 15 July: Forced labour camp at the SS barracks converted into a subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp.[23]
- August: Russenwiese forced labour camp dissolved.[24]
- 1944
- April: Oflag 73 POW camp relocated from Beniaminów to Langwasser.[25]
- October: Subcamp of Flossenbürg for women established at the Siemens-Schuckertwerke factory.[26]
- November: Oflag 73 POW camp converted into a subcamp of the Stalag XIII-D camp.[25]
- 1945
- March: Siemens-Schuckertwerke subcamp of Flossenbürg dissolved. Prisoners sent to subcamps in Holýšov and Mehltheuer.[26]
- April: SS barracks subcamp of Flossenbürg dissolved. Prisoners sent to the Dachau concentration camp.[23]
- 16–20 April: Battle of Nuremberg.
- October: Nürnberger Nachrichten newspaper begins publication.
- 20 November: International Military Tribunal against Nazi leaders begins.[27]
- 1946
- 9 December: Nuremberg Military Tribunals against Nazi leaders begin.
- Franconia State Orchestra formed.
- 1948 — A “strong tornado” destroys dozens of homes and kills 11 people in the city.
- 1950
- German Toy Fair begins.
- Population: 362,459.
- 1957 – Langwasser development begins.
- 1959 – St. Egidien Church rebuilt.
- 1967 – Kunsthalle Nürnberg (art centre) founded.
- 1968 – City mapped into 10 Statistischen Stadtteilen (statistical districts).[28]
- 1971 – Nuremberg Toy Museum founded.
- 1972 – Katzwang becomes part of city.
- 1987 – Nuremberg S-Bahn S1 metro railway begins operating.
- 1992 – Nuremberg S-Bahn S2 and S3 metro railway begins operating.
- 2000 – Neues Museum Nürnberg opens.
21st century[edit]
- 2001 – City co-hosts the 2001 IIHF World Championship.
- 2002 – Ulrich Maly becomes mayor.[29]
- 2010 – Nuremberg S-Bahn S4 metro railway begins operating.
- 2012 – Population: 495,121.
See also[edit]
- History of Nuremberg
- List of mayors of Nuremberg
- Free Imperial City of Nuremberg, 1219-1806
- List of districts of Nuremberg
- Art and architecture of Nuremberg (in German)
- Timelines of other cities in the state of Bavaria: Augsburg, Munich, Würzburg
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g Townsend 1867.
- ^ a b c Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Nürnberg". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 3. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064802.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b Rée 1905.
- ^ Smoller 1986.
- ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
- ^ Julius Petzholdt (1853), "Nürnberg", Handbuch Deutscher Bibliotheken (in German), Halle: H.W. Schmidt, OCLC 8363581
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ Evers, Renate (2020). "The 1484 Nuremberg Jewry Oath (More Judaico)". Leo Baeck Institute Year Book. 65: 3–35. doi:10.1093/leobaeck/ybaa007 – via Oxford University Press.
- ^ Melitta Weiss Adamson (2004). "Timeline". Food in Medieval Times. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32147-4.
- ^ "Entry of Charles V into Nuremberg (Nuremberg: 16th February, 1541)". Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books. British Library. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- ^ William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6489-4.
- ^ Manfred H. Grieb, ed. (2007). Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-091296-8.
- ^ Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
- ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 48.
- ^ Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Deutschland: Bayern". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ^ a b c d e Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
- ^ "Siemens History: Siemens-Schuckertwerke". Siemens AG. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
- ^ Deutscher Bühnen-Verein (1908). Neuer Theater-Almanach (in German). Berlin: F.A. Günther & Sohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030515382.
- ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ a b c d Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ a b c "Nuremberg (SS-Barracks) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Arbeitserziehungslager "Russenwiese" Nürnberg". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ a b Megargee; Overmans; Vogt, p. 224
- ^ a b "Nuremberg (Siemens-Schuckertwerke) Subcamp". KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945. USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6.
- ^ "Kleinräumige Gliederung Nürnberg". Virtueller Atlas Nürnberg (in German). Stadt Nürnberg. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
- ^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
Bibliography[edit]
in English[edit]
- Published in the 18th-19th century
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Nurenberg", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
- Monsieur de Blainville (1757), "Nuremburg", Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, but especially Italy, Translated by Turnbull, London: John Noon
- Richard Brookes (1786), "Nuremberg", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington
- David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Nuremberg". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2x352b0z.
- "Nuremberg", Leigh's New Descriptive Road Book of Germany, London: Leigh and Son, 1837
- Henry John Whitling (1850), Pictures of Nuremberg, London: R. Bentley, OL 23403092M
- Charles Tylor (1852). "(Nuremberg)". A historical tour in Franconia, in the summer of 1852. Brighton, England: Robert Folthorp.
- Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Nuremberg", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "Nuremberg", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- "Nuremberg", Southern Germany and Austria (2nd ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1871, OCLC 4090237
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1881), "Nuremberg", Harper's Hand-book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "Nuremberg", Appletons' European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Nuremberg", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- "Nuremberg", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1898
- Cecil Headlam (1900), The Story of Nuremberg, London: J.M. Dent & Co., OCLC 1135511, OL 6903352M
- Schrag's new handy guide to Nuremberg (4th ed.). Nuremberg: J.L. Schrag. 1900.
- Published in the 20th century
- "Nuremberg". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903. (1863 ed.)
- Hermann Uhde-Bernays (1904), Nuremberg, London: A. Siegle, OL 7160240M
- Mrs. Arthur G. Bell (1905), Nuremberg, London: Adam and Charles Black, OL 17933549M
- Paul Johannes Rée (1905), Nuremberg and Its Art to the End of the 18th Century, London: Grevel
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 913–914.
- Nuremberg and Rothenburg on the Tauber. Grieben's Guide Books. Berlin. 1911.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Nuremberg", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "Nuremberg". Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Switzerland. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors. Vol. 5. Funk & Wagnalls Company – via Hathi Trust.
- Gerald Strauss (1976), Nuremberg in the sixteenth century, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253341493
- Laura A. Smoller (1986). "Playing Cards and Popular Culture in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg". Sixteenth Century Journal. 17 (2): 183–214. doi:10.2307/2540255. JSTOR 2540255.
- Stewart Spencer (1992). "Wagner's Nuremberg". Cambridge Opera Journal. 4 (1): 21–41. doi:10.1017/S0954586700003591. JSTOR 823774. S2CID 193209134.
- Published in the 21st century
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Nuremberg". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
in German[edit]
- Matthäus Merian; Martin Zeiler (1648). "Nürnberg". Topographia Franconiae. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. pp. 65–78.
- Johann Christoph Jakob Wilder (1827). Nürnberg: Eine gedrängte Zusammenstelllung seiner Merkwürdigkeiten [Nuremberg: a Concise Compilation of its Places of Interest] (in German). Nürnberg.
- Carl Mainberger; Johannes Scharrer (1837). Eine Woche in Nürnberg: Kurzgefaßte Beschreibung der Stadt Nürnberg und ihrer Umgebungen [A week in Nuremberg: brief description of the city of Nuremberg and its surroundings] (2nd ed.). Nurnberg: Riegel und Wießner.
- Nürnberg. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 1–3, 10–11. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1862–1874 – via HathiTrust.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ghillany (1863). Nürnberg: historisch und topographisch [Nuremberg: historical and topographical] (in German). Munich: Georg Franz.
- Johannes Wanschka (1870). Adreß-Buch für die Stadt Nürnberg (in German). Nürnberg: Bieling.
- Nürnberg-Fürther Industrie-Almanach [Nuremberg-Furth Business Almanac] (in German). Nürnberg: Jacob Sichling. 1870.
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Nurnberg". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Nurnberg". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1569+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nuremberg.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Nuremberg via Wikisource
- Europeana. Items related to Nuremberg, various dates.
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