1933 in Germany
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Events in the year 1933 in Germany.
Incumbents[edit]
National level[edit]
- President: Paul von Hindenburg
- Chancellor:
- Kurt von Schleicher (until 28 January 1933)
- Adolf Hitler (from 30 January 1933)
Events in Germany[edit]
- 30 January – Nazi leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg.
- 1 February – Adolf Hitler gives his "Proclamation to the German People" in Berlin.
- 27 February – The Reichstag, Germany's parliament building in Berlin, is set on fire under controversial circumstances.
- 28 February – The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed in response to the Reichstag fire, nullifying many German civil liberties.
- 1 March – Hundreds are arrested as the Nazis round up their political opponents.
- 5 March – German federal election, March 1933: National Socialists gain 43.9% of the votes.
- 8 March – Nazis occupy the Bavarian State Parliament and expel deputies.
- 12 March – Hindenburg bans the flag of the republic and orders the Imperial and Nazi flag to fly side by side.
- 15 March – Hitler proclaims the Third Reich.
- 20 March – Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed (it opens 22 March).
- 21 March – Jewish organizations announce an economic boycott of German goods.
- 23 March – The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act ("The law for removing the distress of people and the Reich"), making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany, curbing its own power.[1]
- 26 March – Air minister Hermann Göring denies that Germany's Jews are in danger.
- 1 April – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organise a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany.
- 7 April – The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service is passed, forcing all "non-Aryans" to retire from the legal profession and civil service.[1]
- 21 April – Germany outlaws the kosher ritual shechita.
- 26 April – The Gestapo is established in Germany.
- 27 April – Der Stahlhelm veterans organisation joins the Nazi Party.
- 10 May – Nazi book burnings are staged publicly throughout Germany.
- 26 May – The Nazi Party introduces a law to legalise eugenic sterilisation.
- 2 June – The Nazi authorities form the 'Expert Committee on Questions of Population and Racial Policy' under Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick.
- 21 June – All non-Nazi political parties are forbidden.[1]
- 25 June – The Wilmersdorfer Tennishallen delegates convene in Berlin to protest against the persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany.
- 14 July – Forming new political parties is forbidden.[1] The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring is implemented.
- 20 July – Signing of the Reichskonkordat between the Vatican and Nazi Germany.
- 23 August – The Nazis publish the first of the four lists of people whose German citizenship, passports and other privileges are withdrawn. On the first list of thirty-three names are the Jewish authors Lion Feuchtwanger, Ernst Toller and Kurt Tucholsky.
- 25 August – The Haavara Agreement is signed between Nazi Germany, the Zionist Federation of Germany and the Anglo-Palestine Bank, allowing approximately 60,000 German Jews to leave Germany and move to Palestine.
- 30 August–3 September – The 5th Nazi Party Congress is held in Nuremberg and is called the "Rally of Victory" (Reichsparteitag des Sieges) in reference to the Nazi seizure of power[2]
- 16 October – Germany officially announces its intention to leave the League of Nations.
Births[edit]
- 3 March – Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder, German Vice President of the Union of European Football Associations (died 2015)
- 5 March – Walter Kasper, German cardinal of Roman-Catholic Church
- 6 March – Willy Schäfer, German actor (died 2011)
- 7 March – Hannelore Kohl, first wife of German Chancellor Helmut Kohl (died 2001)
- 9 March – Reinhard Lettmann, bishop of the Roman Catholic Church (died 2013)
- 14 March – Duke Carl Gregor of Mecklenburg, German nobleman and musician (died 2018)
- 20 March – Michael Pfleghar, German film director and screenwriter (died 1991)
- 7 April – Johannes Schaaf, German film and theatre director (died 2019)
- 15 May – Ursula Schleicher, German politician and harpist
- 29 May – Helmuth Rilling, German choral conductor
- 8 June – Ernst W. Hamburger, German-born Brazilian physicist (died 2018)
- 20 June – Hatto Beyerle, German musician (died 2023)
- 3 July – Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, German nobleman (died 2022)
- 5 July – Michael Heltau, German actor and singer
- 11 July – Ernst Jacobi, German actor (died 2022)
- 14 July – Franz, Duke of Bavaria, German nobleman
- 15 July – Manfred Homberg, German boxer (died 2010)
- 16 July – Heinz Dürr, German entrepreneur
- 21 July – Brigitte Reimann, German novelist (died 1973)
- 6 August – Ulrich Biesinger, German footballer (died 2011)
- 16 August – Reiner Kunze, German writer
- 10 September – Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer (died 2019)
- 16 September – Steve Shirley, German-born British businesswoman
- 20 September – Alois Graf von Waldburg-Zeil, German politician (died 2014)
- 14 October – Wilfried Dietrich German wrestler (died 1992)
- 23 October – Yigal Tumarkin, German-born Israeli painter and sculptor (died 2021)
- 30 October – Johanna von Koczian, German actress (died 2024)
- 6 November – Else Ackermann, German physician, pharmacologist and politician (died 2019)
- 8 November – Lothar Fischer, German sculptor (died 2004)
- 9 November – Renate Ewert, German actress (died 1966)
- 13 November
- Karl-Otto Alberty, German actor (died 2015)
- Peter Härtling, German writer, poet, publisher and journalist (died 2017)
- 20 November – Hermann von Richthofen, German diplomat (died 2021)
- 4 December – Horst Buchholz, German actor (died 2003)
- 10 December – Ernst-Ludwig Petrowsky, German jazz musician (died 2023)
Deaths[edit]
- 3 January – Wilhelm Cuno, German politician and former Chancellor of Germany (born 1876)
- 1 February – Gustav Lilienthal, German social reformer (born 1849)
- 14 February – Carl Correns, German botanist and geneticist (born 1864)
- 24 February – Johannes Meisenheimer, German zoologist (born 1873)
- 26 February – Princess Thyra of Denmark, Crown Princess of Hanover (born 1853 in Denmark)
- 12 April – Andreas Blunck, German politician (born 1871)
- 24 April – Wilhelm von Schoen, German diplomat (born 1851)
- 27 May – James Loeb, German banker (born 1867)
- 24 July – Max von Schillings, German conductor (born 1868)
- 7 September – Max Adalbert, German actor (born 1874)
- 9 September – Friedrich Fülleborn, German physician who specialized in tropical medicine and parasitology (born 1866)
- 14 September – Theodor Rocholl, German painter (born 1854)
- 11 October – Reinhold Tiling, German engineer (born 1893)
- 19 October – Heinrich Brauns, politician (born 1868)
- 25 October – Friedrich Heinrich Albert Wangerin, German mathematician (born 1844)
- 26 November – Franz Bracht, German politician (born 1877)
- 4 December – Stefan George, German symbolist poet (born 1868)
- 9 December – Julius Falkenstein, German actor (born 1879)
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d McDonough, Frank (February 2020). "1933: death of a democracy". History Today. 70 (2): 70–83.
- ^ Spiegel.de (German)
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