Timeline of Mombasa
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Mombasa, Coast Province, Kenya.
14th-18th centuries[edit]
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- 1331 - Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler, visits Mombasa.[1]
- 1498 - 8 April: Vasco da Gama anchors in port.[2][3]
- 1505 - Town sacked by Portuguese forces of Francisco de Almeida.[2]
- 1507 - Mandhry Mosque built.[4]
- 1528 - Town sacked by Portuguese forces of Nuno da Cunha.[2][3]
- 1529 - Portuguese in power.[5]
- 1588 - Town captured by Amir Ali Bey.[2]
- 1593 - Town under rule of Malindi.[6]
- 1594 - Fort Jesus built by Portuguese.[7][3]
- 1597 - Augustinian mission initiated.[8]
- 1631 - Portuguese "expelled."[9][10] The sultan of Mombasa, christened Dom Jerónimo Chingulia, assassinated the Portuguese governor, reclaimed his Muslim name of Yusuf ibn al-Hasan, and ordered all Christians in the city to convert to Islam.[11]
- 1632 - Town besieged by Portuguese forces.[8]
- 1635 - Fort Jesus repaired by Francisco de Seixas e Cabreira.[3]
- 1661 - Town sacked by Omani forces.[12]
- 1696 - Siege of Fort Jesus by Omani forces.[12]
- 1698 - Sultanate of Oman in power.[8]
- 1728/9 - A Portuguese force from Goa again held Mombasa, but were driven out by the Muscat Arabs.[3]
- 1734 - Mazrui in power.[8]
19th century[edit]
- 1837 - Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman in power.[8]
- 1875 - A revolt against Zanzibar was put down with British assistance.[3]
- 1885 - Hinduism in Africa Formation of the Hindu Union, and creation of Lord Shiva Temple (Shivaalay) in Central Mombasa.
- 1887 - Mombasa "leased to the British East Africa Company;"[8] town becomes capital of British East Africa Protectorate.[5][3]
- 1895 - Government Press established.[13]
- 1896
- Kilindini Harbour inaugurated.[3]
- National Bank of India branch[14][15] and Mombasa Club established.[16]
- 1897 - Population on island: 15,000-20,000 (estimate).[7]
- 1899 - Post office built.[17]
20th century[edit]
- 1901
- Uganda Railway (Kisumu-Mombasa) begins operating.[18]
- African Standard newspaper begins publication.[18]
- Jevanjee mosque built.[17]
- 1902 - Court of Kenya established.[19]
- 1903 - Seif Bin Salim public library founded.[20]
- 1904 - Africa Hotel in business.[17]
- 1905
- 1907 - Slavery abolished.[22]
- 1910 - Population: about 30,000.[3]
- 1920 - Town becomes part of British Protectorate of Kenya.
- 1927 - Kenya Daily Mail newspaper begins publication.[23]
- 1929 - Makupa Causeway built.
- 1931 - Nyali Bridge built.
- 1937 - Likoni Ferry begins operating.
- 1944 - Aga Khan Hospital, Mombasa established.
- 1951 - Mombasa Institute of Muslim Education opens.[24]
- 1955 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Mombasa and Zanzibar established.
- 1958 - Oceanic Hotel built.[4]
- 1962 - Population: 179,575 urban agglomeration.[25]
- 1962 - 1963 David Kayanda becomes the first African Mayor of Mombasa.
- Msanifu Kombo becomes mayor.[26]
- Town becomes part of Republic of Kenya.
- 1973
- 27 April: MV Globe Star ship runs aground near Mombasa.
- Population: 301,000 urban agglomeration.[27]
- 1979 - Moi International Airport expanded.
- 1980 - New Nyali Bridge built.
- 1981
- Mombasa Records Centre of the Kenya National Archives established.[20]
- Sister city relationship established with Seattle, US.[28]
- 1984 - New Burhani Mosque built.[4]
- 1985 - Mombasa Marathon begins.
- 1986 - Marine Park established.
- 1990 - Population: 476,000 (urban agglomeration).[29]
- 1998 - Najib Balala becomes mayor.
- 1999
- Mombasa Republican Council formed.
- Coast Gymkhana Club Ground in use.
- 2000 - Population: 687,000 (urban agglomeration).[29]
21st century[edit]
- 2002 - 28 November: 2002 Mombasa attacks.
- 2003 - Aga Khan Academy, Mombasa established in Kilindini.[4]
- 2005 - Population: 830,000 (urban agglomeration).[29]
- 2007 - Mombasa Polytechnic University College established.[24]
- 2009
- 2010 - Population: 905,627 (estimate).[32]
- 2012
- 15 May: Grenade attack in Bella Vista nightclub.
- 27 August: Cleric Aboud Rogo killed; unrest ensues.[33][34]
- 2013
- October: Cleric Sheikh Ibrahim killed; unrest ensues.[33]
- Mombasa polytechnic university college was promoted to a fully developed university now known as Technical University of Mombasa.
- 2017 - Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway begins operating.
See also[edit]
- Mombasa history (fr)
- Mombasa District
- Timelines of other cities in Kenya: Nairobi
References[edit]
- ^ Ibn Battuta, "The Journeys of Ibn Battuta
- ^ a b c d Montgomery 1996.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d "Kenya: Mombasa". ArchNet. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011.
- ^ a b Webster's Geographical Dictionary, US: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
- ^ Swartz 1979.
- ^ a b Horsey 1897.
- ^ a b c d e f Bosworth 2007.
- ^ Morse 1823.
- ^ Freeman-Grenville 1980.
- ^ Freeman-Granville, GSP (2008). New Encyclopedia of Africa. Gale. pp. 378–79. ISBN 978-0-684-31455-6.
- ^ a b Sassoon 1982.
- ^ "Government Press". Nairobi: Ministry of State for Provincial Administration and Internal Security. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
- ^ Andrew K. Mullei and Joshua M. Ng'elu (1990). "Evolution, Structure and Performance of Kenya's Financial System". Savings and Development. 14 (3): 265–284. JSTOR 25830234.
- ^ Robert M. Maxon (1992). "Colonial Financial System". In William Robert Ochieng and Robert M. Maxon (ed.). Economic History of Kenya. East African Publishers. p. 249+. ISBN 996646963X.
- ^ Frankl 2001.
- ^ a b c Hoyle 2001.
- ^ a b R.T. Ogonda (1992). "Transport and Communications in the Colonial Economy". In William Robert Ochieng and Robert M. Maxon (ed.). Economic History of Kenya. East African Publishers. p. 129+. ISBN 996646963X.
- ^ a b Savita Nair (2008), "Shops and Stations: Rethinking Power and Privilege in British/Indian East Africa", in John C. Hawley (ed.), India in Africa, Africa in India, Indiana University Press, ISBN 9780253351210
- ^ a b Irene Muthoni Kibandi; et al. (2010), "Kenya: Libraries, Museums and Archives", in Marcia J. Bates (ed.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, ISBN 9780849397127
- ^ Frankl 2008.
- ^ Strobel 1975.
- ^ "Mombasa (Kenya) Newspapers". WorldCat. US: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
- ^ a b "History". Technical University of Mombasa. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
- ^ Stren 1970.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Seattle's 21 Sister Cities". US: City of Seattle. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b c "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013.
- ^ "Mayor faces tough battle in poll". Daily Nation. 12 June 2011.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
- ^ a b "Kenya Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ^ "Kenya: Murder of Muslim Cleric in Mombasa Sparks Riots". Global Voices. 6 September 2012.
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Bibliography[edit]
- Published in 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Mombaca", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Algernon F.R. de Horsey (1897), "(Mombasa)", Africa Pilot (6th ed.), London: Great Britain. Admiralty
- Published in 20th century
- "Mombassa". Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Leipzig. 1906. hdl:2027/njp.32101064063199.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 682–683.
- Frederick Treves (1910), "Mombasa", Uganda for a holiday, London: Smith, Elder & Co., OCLC 33285047
- "Mombasa". The Red Book 1922-23: Handbook and Directory for Kenya Colony and Protectorate, Uganda Protectorate, Tanganyika Territory, and Zanzibar Sultanate. Nairobi: East Africa Standard Ltd. 1922. hdl:2027/inu.30000125593750.
- John Milner Gray (1957), The British in Mombasa, 1824-1826, London: Macmillan, OCLC 2629449
- C.R. Boxer (1960), Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa, 1593-1729, London: Hollis & Carter, OCLC 939150
- Irene S. van Dongen (1963). "Mombasa in the Land and Sea Exchanges of East Africa". Erdkunde. 17. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.1963.01.02.
- F.J. Berg (1968). "The Swahili Community of Mombasa, 1500-1900". Journal of African History. 9: 35–56. doi:10.1017/S0021853700008343. S2CID 162622809.
- Harm J. De Blij (1968), Mombasa: an African city, Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press
- Richard Stren (1970). "Factional Politics and Central Control in Mombasa, 1960-1969". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 4 (1): 33–56. doi:10.2307/483741. JSTOR 483741.
- Hyder Kindy (1972). Life and Politics in Mombasa.
- G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, ed. (1975), "History of Mombasa", The East African Coast: Select Documents (2nd ed.), London: Collings, ISBN 0901720852
- Margaret Strobel (1975). "Women's Wedding Celebrations in Mombasa, Kenya". African Studies Review. 18 (3): 35–45. doi:10.2307/523720. JSTOR 523720. S2CID 143826887.
- John H. A. Jewell (1976), Mombasa, the friendly town, Nairobi: East African Pub. House
- Marc J. Swartz (1979). "Religious Courts, Community, and Ethnicity among the Swahili of Mombasa: An Historical Study of Social Boundaries". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 49 (1): 29–41. doi:10.2307/1159503. JSTOR 1159503.
- G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, ed. (1980), The Mombasa rising against the Portuguese, 1631, London: Published for the British Academy by the Oxford University Press, ISBN 0197259928
- Kurula Varkey and Klaus Roesch, ed. (1981). Report on Pilot Study for Conservation and Revitalization of Old Town Mombasa. Nairobi.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Mano Sassoon (1982). "Sinking of the Santo Antonio de Tanna in Mombasa Harbour". Paideuma. 28: 101–108. JSTOR 41409877.
- James Kirkman (1983). "The Muzungulos of Mombasa". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 16.
- J. Maitland-Jones; et al. (1985). Old Town Mombasa: A Historical Guide. Mombasa: Friends of Fort Jesus.
- Sue Montgomery (1996), "Mombasa", in Trudy Ring (ed.), Middle East and Africa, International Dictionary of Historic Places, Routledge, pp. 512–516, ISBN 9781884964039
- Published in 21st century
- Brian Hoyle (2001). "Urban renewal in East African port cities: Mombasa's Old Town waterfront". GeoJournal. 53 (2): 183–197. doi:10.1023/A:1015704101663. JSTOR 41147599. S2CID 151198638.
- P.J.L. Frankl (2001). "The Early Years of the Mombasa Club: A Home Away from Home for European-Christians". History in Africa. 28: 71–81. doi:10.2307/3172208. JSTOR 3172208. S2CID 162050187.
- Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Mombasa, Kenya". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Mombasa". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- P.J.L. Frankl (2008). "Mombasa Cathedral and the CMS Compound: The Years of the East Africa Protectorate". History in Africa. 35: 209–229. doi:10.1353/hia.0.0017. JSTOR 25483723. S2CID 162042643.
- Demand for housing in urban Kenya: The case of households in Nairobi and Mombasa counties, 2013 – via Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis
- Isolde Brielmaier (2013). "Mombasa on Display: Photography and the Formation of an Urban Public, from the 1940s Onward". In John Peffer and Elisabeth L. Cameron (ed.). Portraiture and Photography in Africa. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00872-5.
External links[edit]
Media related to History of Mombasa at Wikimedia Commons
- "(Mombasa)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access
articles) - "(Mombasa)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
- "(Mombasa)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
- "(Mombasa)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
- "(Mombasa)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 14 January 2019. (Bibliography)
- "(Mombasa)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
- "(Mombasa)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
- "Mombasa, Kenya". BlackPast.org. US. 20 April 2011.
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