Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 56

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This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 56 running from name Teach to name Tollet.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 56 Teach - Tollet. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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  1. ^ Teach or THATCH, EDWARD (d. 1718), pirate ; known as Blackboard; said to have been a native of Bristol and employed as a privateer in the West Indies in the war of the Spanish succession: after tin- i-av plundered all impartially: became a terror in the West Indies and off Carolina and Virginia: was wrecked in Topsail Inlet, North Carolina, and surrendered at Bathtown; his conduct connived at by Governor Eden, in consequence of which he continued hi* acts f piracy, but was finally killed; though brutal and treacherous, became the ideal pirate of romance.
  2. ^ Sir Thom As Teddemah (.. 1668?), vice-admiral ; rear-admiral in the action off Lowestoft, 1666; knighted, 1666: present at the attack on Bergen and capture of Dutch ships, 1666; vice-admiral in the fight, 1-4 June 1666; vice-admiral of the white, 1666.
  3. ^ Bartholomew Teeuno (1774–1798), United Irishman; visited France to bring about invasion of Ireland, 1796; served under the name of Biron with Hoche; landed with the French army at KUlala, 179; was captured and executed.
  4. ^ Charles Teelwo H V MILTON (1778-1850), Irish .o..ri,.,i,.t: brother of Bartholomew Teeling, and . Rebellion of 1798 1898; l tl various journals.
  5. ^ Sir Christopher Charles Teesdale (18tt 1893 ), major-general, R.K.. a i mm* when British onmmtsskmsr with ths Turkish army in war with Him
  6. ^ Thomas Tegg (1776–1845) b adventures went to London, uii'i i.r.lluJnt'scnrices in defennof tfars, 18*4-6, and at battle of Kan, when he was wounded: became pru of war at the capitulation to t he Ruasians; liberated; i C.B., and officer of the Legion of Honour. 18M: 1867; equerry to the Prince of Wales (now Edward VII), LMsXaaa 1 tU4s-t i;. lo.- M v..-t,,r..i. ifTTj sta* general, 1887; K.C.M.O., 1887.
  7. ^ Teoai ( 1806–1864)i after some 796; opened a shop at 1806, and made a great reputation by hi* cheap reprints and abridgments: sold fifty thousand copies ofThe Whole Life of Nelson after Trafalgar, and realised huge sums by Hone's Everyday Book and Table Book 1824; published handbooks and other works.
  8. ^ William Tegg (1816–1895), publisher and bookseller. son of Thomas Tegg; publisher of school and juvenile books, of reprints of standard works and books for export; author of various compilations.
  9. ^ Tegid ( 1792–1862).
  10. ^ Teignmouth first BARON (1761–1834). See JOHN SHORE,
  11. ^ Teilo (Jt. 550), British saint; born near Tenby of noble parentage; said with Paulinus and David (. 601 ?) to have been consecrated bishop at Jerusalem; became bishop of Llandaff on his return and chief of the churclies of dextralis Britannia other accounts mHng him successor to David.
  12. ^ Charles Telfair (1777?–1833), naturalist: practised as a surgeon in Mauritius: established the botanical gardens at Mauritius and Reunion; died at Port Louis.
  13. ^ James Telfer (1800–1862), minor poet; shepherd and country schoolmaster; published Border Ballads and Miscellaneous Poems 1824, and prose writings.
  14. ^ Thomas Telford (1757–1834), a Dumfriesshire nhepherd; worked as i early interested In literature; published poetry in Ituddiman's Edinburgh Magazine 1779, andEskdalc 1784, which was probed by Southey; worked at Edinburgh as a mason, 1780; went to London, 1782; became surveyor of public works for Shropshire; engineer of the EUesmere canal. 1793, in which capacity he built the remarkable aqueducts over the Ceiriog valley at Chirk, 1796-1801, and Dee, 1796-1806; Inspected the harbours of Scotland, and drew up exhaustive reports; constructed the Caledonian canal, the most conspicuous of his achievements, but not the most useful, ami which proved a financial failure, and i.jM-n.il up the northern counties of Scotland by 990 mils* of now roods and 120 new bridges, advancing country at least a century; carried out improvements of Scottish harbours, including those of Wick, Aberdeen, Peterhead, Banff, Leith, and Dundee; constructed canal* and roads in England, and the Gotha canal between the Baltic and North Sea, 1808-10; first president and one of the founders of tin- Institute of Civil Engineers, 1818; erected the Menai Bridge (begun, 1819) on the suspension principle (scarcely tried before in England): built bridges at Tewkesbury, 1826, Gloucester, 1828, and Glasgow and on the Clyde, 1833, opened 1836; drew up plans for improvement of Dover harbour, 1834; borkdin Westmln. ster Abbey. Throughout he was animated by great public
  15. ^ Telynog 00 (.1840–1865). See Thomas Evans
  16. ^ Pierce Tempest (1653–1717), printseller ; brother of sir John T.-mp."t. tirt baronet; best known by his the City of London 1711.
  17. ^ Earl Temple (1711–1779). See OIIKXVILLK,
  18. ^ Dorothy Temple (1627–1695), wife of Sir William Temple (1628-1699);.laiiirhtcr of Sir Peter 0*00.9 (1584-1653) q. v.l; married Sir William Temple 1655 helped her husband in many of his schemes, and friend of Queen Mary II; her letters to Temple, IhfcJ SS&S MaSay, published, 1888.
  19. ^ Henry Temple, first VISCOUNT PALMERSTON (1673?-1757) son of Sir John Temple (1632-1704); oint-chief-remembraucer of the Irish court of exchequer, 1680- created Viscount Palmerston of Pnlmerston, co. Dublin. 1723 M.P., East Grlnstead, 1727-34, Bosslney, 1734-41, and Weobly, 1741-7; supporter of Walpole; ioinroved houses at East Sheen and Broadlands; quarrelled with Swift, 1726. rivL15
  20. ^ Henry Temple , second VISCOUNT PALMERSTON 1739-1802), grandson of Henry Temple, first viscount rq v- M P., East Looe, 1762-8, Southampton, 1768-74, HasthW 1774-80, and 1780-4, Boroughbridere, 1784-90, Newport (Isle of Wight), 1790-6, and Winchester, 17961802; lord of the admiralty, 1766, and of the treasury, 1777; was fond of travel and social life, the assemblies at Hanover Square, London, being famous; acquainted with Gibbon, Wilkie, and Reynolds; member ofThe Club 1784: D.O.L. Oxford, 1773: writer of verses and of the Diary in France during July and August, 1791 (published, 1885).
  21. ^ Henry John Temple , third VISCOUNT PALMERSTON (1784–1865), statesman ; elder son of Henry Temple, second viscount Palmerston: born at Broadlands, I near Romsey, Hampshire; educated at Harrow, Edinburgh, and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A. jure natalium, Cambridge, 1806: succeeded to the peerage, 1802; tory M.P. for Newport, Isle of Wight, 1807; lord of the admiralty in the Portland ministry, when he made his first speech (vindicating diplomatic secrecy), 1808; refused seat in the cabinet offered by Perceval, but accepted secretaryship-at-war, 1809; retained secretaryship through successive administrations till 1828, showing energy in carrying out reforms and maintaining his rights: wounded by a would-be assassin, 1818; elected M.P. for Cambridge University, 1811-31, when he was rejected through his support of parliamentary reform; for Bletchingley, 1831, South Hampshire, 1832, and Tiverton, 1835-65; offered by Canning chancellorship of the exchequer, but excluded from that office by George IV, 1827; remained, however, a Canningite all his life; continued in Goderich's and in Wellington's ministries, but left with the Cannlngites, 1828; made his first great speech on foreign affairs, attacking the government's policy towards Portugal and Greece, 1829, and supported catholic emancipation; became foreign secretary in Lord Grey's administration, 1830, which office, except during Peel's administration for four months, he held during eleven years; effected the independence of Belgium in spite of great difficulties, and prevented acceptance of the Belgian throne by the Due de Nemours, 1830-1; obtained the Volo to Arta frontier for Greece, 1832; G.C.B., 1832; supported Isabella In Spain and Donna Maria in Portugal against the pretenders, Don Carlos and Doni Miguel, by his quadruple alliance, 1834, and sent troops to Spain; supported Turkey, in whose regeneration he believed, against the encroachments of Russia, but failed to prevent the treaty of Unkiar Skelesi between Russia and Turkey, 1833, and was obliged by French patronage of Mohammed All to make a treaty with Russia, Austria, and Prussia to defend Turkish territory against the Egyptians, 1840; opposed by the cabinet and court, threatened hit) resignation; baffled Mohammed All and concluded a convention closing the Bosphorus and Dardanelles to ships of all nations, 1841: declared war against China, annexed Hongkong, and obtained opening of five ports, 184O-1; effected slave trade convention, 1841; showed great prescience and firmness throughout, and raised English prestige abroad; had created Belgium, saved Portugal and Spain from absolutism, rescued Turkey from Russia, and the highway to India from France and had maintained peace; attacked in opposition, 1841-6, the 'Imbecilityand sacrifices of the government; became foreign secretary again iu Lord John Russell's administra tion, 1846: preserved Swiss independence from Austrian unl French interference; refused further support of Enfraii'l to the Orleanist dynasty, owing to the Spanish narriuges, 1846; sent a fleet to re-establish the queen of Portugal, 1846; maintained attitude of neutrality through he revolution period, desiring the establishment of:i stable government in France and Italian independence; ;hrough a dictatorial letter to Spain caused the English minister's dismissal from Madrid, 1848; allowed Woolwich to furnish arms to the Sicilian insurgents; procured better terms for Sardinia by his intercession, 1849; expressed England'sdisgustat Austrian severities, and supported Turkey, at the risk of war, in her ref usal to give up to Russia and Austria Polish and Hungarian refugees, L849; compelled Greece to accept his terms in the Pacifico affair and blockaded the Piraeus, 1850, on which occasion ic made his famous civis Romanus speech, and defeated. ;he foreign and English conspiracies to overthrow him; )rought upon himself by his independent action as foreign minister Queen Victoria's memorandum of 12 Aug. 185u, ind having expressed his approval of Napoleon's coup fttat, 1851, was dismissed by Lord John Russell; the government itself defeated on an amendment moved by iim shortly afterwards; refused to join, but supported Jord Derby's government; on its fall became home secre,ary in Lord Aberdeen's ministry, 1852; resigned on the question of reform, but returned to office, 1853; advocated in vain vigorous action in resisting Russia; on the outbreak of war proposed the Crimean campaign; the conduct of the war refused him by Aberdeen, on which Russell resigned, and the ministry fell, 1855: became rime minister at a time of immense difficulty and danger: mpelled by France and Austria to agree to the treaty of Paris (1856), by which, however, the integrity of Turkey tvas guaranteed; K.G., 1856; opposed French projects ! or partition of Turkish territories in Africa; opposed :he construction of the Suez Canal; defeated on the 3hina war question, but returned to power again with increased majority at general election, 1857; underrated at first seriousness of Indian mutiny, but took prompt measures for relief of English garrisons; was defeated on the Conspiracy to Murder Bill, 1858, and resigned, but again became prime minister, 1859; supported advance of taly towards independence; strengthened the national defences; warden of the Cinque ports, 1861; lord rector of Glasgow University, 1863; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1862, and LL.D. Cambridge, 1864; maintained neutrality during the American civil war, but on seizure of passengers on a British steamer sent guards to Canada, while the escape of the Alabama from Birkenhead was caused by the hesitation of the law officers; attempted in vain to protect the Poles, 1863, and Denmark from Austria and Prussia; buried in Westminster Abbey.
  22. ^ James Temple (fl. 1640–1668), regicide ; served in the parliamentary army; commissioner for the sequestration of delinquents estates, 1643; M.P. for Bramber in the Long parliament, 1645; governor of Tilbury fort, 1649; one of Charles I's judges, signing the death warrant, 1649; was excepted from the act of oblivion, 1660; arrested and tried, but adducing evidence of services to the royalists escaped execution.
  23. ^ Sir John Temple (1600–1677), master of the rolls, in Ireland; son of Sir William Temple (1555-1627): educated at Trinity College, Dublin; entered the personal service of Charles I: knighted, 1628; master of the rolls in Ireland, 1640, suspended, 1643, reappointed, 1655, and confirmed at the Restoration; assisted the government ou, outbreak of the rebellion, 1641, but took the parliamentary side in civil war, and was imprisoned and suspended, 1643: M.P. for co. Meath, 1642, 1646; published hisIrish Rebellion inflaming popular indignation against the Irish, 1646: joint-administrator of the great seal of Ireland, 1647, but voting for compromise with Charles I was excluded from the house; served on various commissions; received grants of laud; made privy councillor at the Restoration.
  24. ^ Sir John Temple (1632–1704), speaker of the Irish parliament; son of Sir John Temple (1600-1677) : solicitor-general of Ireland, 1660; knighted, 1661; M.P., Carlow, and speaker of the Irish parliament, 1661; attorney-general, 1690.
  25. ^ Sir Peter Temple , second baronet of Stowe (1592-1653), parliamentarian; M.P., Buckingham; knighted, 1641.
  26. ^ Peter Temple (1600–1663), regicide; of Temple Hall; member of the county association for defence, 1642; captain of horse; accused of cowardice at Leicester, 1645; signed Charles I's death-warrant, 1649; excepted from the act of oblivion at the Restoration, and imprisoned in the Tower of London till his death, his estate being confiscated.
  27. ^ Sir Richard Temple, third baronet (1634–1697), politician; son of Sir Peter Temple, second baronet of Stowe, Warwickshire, 1654, Buckingham, 1659 and 1660-97 (except in the parliament of 1679); a seeret royalist; K.H., 1661: senior commissioner of customs, 1C71; prominent member of the country party: zealous against those accused in the Popish plot, and for the Exclusion Bill; dismissed by James II; later supporter of William III in the Commons; author of works on taxation and the coinage.
  28. ^ Sir Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham and fourth baronet of Stowe (16697-1749), general; eldest aon of Sir Richard Temple (1634-1697); succeeded his father, 1697: M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1704 and 1706, Buckingham, 1708 and 1710; served as colonel in Martborough campaigns, especially distinguishing himself at Lille, 1708; made baron, 1714, and Viscount Cobham, i'elhams; created field-marshal and appointed colonel of bone guards, 1743; resigned his commission ae a protest against the Hanoverian policy; rebuilt Stowe and laid out the famous gardens; patron of literati and celebrated by Pope and Oougreve; member of the Kit-Cat Club.
  29. ^ Sir Thomas Temple (1614–1674), governor of Acadia; grandson of Sir Richard Temple, first baronet of Stowe; appointed governor of Acadia by Oliver Cromwell; misted French claims in Acadia till its cession (1667) to the French; created baronet of Nova Scotia, 1663.
  30. ^ Sir William Temple (1665–1627), fourth provost of Trinity College, Dublin; belonged to the Stowe family; educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1578: M.A. 1581 (incorporated at Oxford, 1681); champion of the Rainist system of logic: published several tracts attacking the followers of Aristotle, and an annotated edition of Ramus's Dialectics 1584 (dedicated to lilip Sidney): became master of Lincoln grammar school and Sir Philip Sidney's secretary, 1685; with y at his death in 1586; became secretary to the Earl of Essex: M.P., Tamworth. 1597; his fortunes prejudiced by Essex's fall: made provost of Trinity College, Dublin, 1609, where he carried out many useful reforms; master in chancery at Dublin, 1610; MJ. in the Irish parliament for Dublin University, 1613; knighted, 1622.
  31. ^ Sir William Temple (162R-1699), statesman and author; son of Sir John Temple (1600-1677); of Emmanuel College, Cambridge; travelled abroad and studied foreign languages; met Dorothy Osborne, whom in 1655 he married; resided in Ireland and became Irish M.P.; settled at Sheen, 1663: sent on a mission to the prince-bishop of Monster, 1665, which proved entirely unsuccessful: subsequently made envoy at Brussels and baronet, 1666: visited the Hague, cultivated relations with John de Witt, and effected the triple alliance between Kuiriunr. Holland, and Sweden, aiming at the protection of Spain ri-*m French ambition, 1668; appointed ambassador at the Kgne, but his useful political plans }y frustrated by Charles II's secret understanding with Louis XIV: ordered to n-turn privately to England, 1670: being received coldly withdrew to Sheen: wrote his Essay upon the Present State... of Ireland 1668, ..-inning the Mate gettleLmt bat recommending otic severity: publishedBssay upon the Original and Nature of Government 1671 (anticipating FUmer's patriarchal theory),Observations upon... the NetherI lands 1672, and bis majestic Letter to the Countess of I Easex; went again to the Hague, 1674, where be brought uNmt marriage between William of Orange and Mary: offered secretaryship of state, 1677; too* part in the conre at Nimeguen, bat disapprove of the treaty, w:n offered secretaryship again, and again refused it; privy council revived under his sponsorship, 1679, but inner committee arbitrary government .V. V.,: P r...... chased Moor Park: took no part in the revelation, bat MMented himself at Windsor after James ll's flight; refused the secretaryship; received Swift in his l,o:.-. i:..M. -:-.:,...... * Memoirs; vUited freqoentiy and consulted by WUpoblkbed his two volumes of sbeaye MUoellanea'X 1680 and 1693. ineloding that onAncient and Modern Learning a literary and not a critical eawy: oncritlcally considered theBpiettes of Phalaristo be niM, ud tat* M Md MI ** genuine, and began, bat did not pabtlsh, a reply to Bentley: publishedAn Introdoction to the History of England 1696, and Poems by Sir W. T (privately printed): burled in Westminster Abbey. As author his mm BsUta !-..;"" bl r,:M,M.,nt, -,.::... finish, y"d fmanHpatioo from ***g parentheses !"* merflaooj qoatettam, n - mcM t.r. DOW. IN m me, chiefly valuable for the picture they afford of the cultured gentleman of the period.
  32. ^ William Johnstons Temple or Johnson (1789-1796), essayist; friend of Gray and Boswell; educated with Boswell at Edinburgh University; scholar of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, 17*9; law student with Boswell in London, 1762: returned to Cambridge: LL.B. Cambridge, 1766; became acquainted with Gray and with Dr. Johnson, 1766; rector of Mamhead: wrote a character of Gray, subsequently incorporated by Dr. in Lives of the Port*; vicar of Gluvias, 1776; publUtad An Essay on the Clergy 1774, and other works. He was grandfather of Dr. Frederick Temple, archbishop of Canterbury.
  33. ^ Peter Templeman (1711–1769), physician: educated at the Charterhouse School, Trinity Colege, Cambridge, and Luyden; M.D. Leyden. 1737: keeper of reading room at British Museum, 1758; corresponding member of foreign societies and author.
  34. ^ John Templeton (1766-18S5V, Irish naturalist ; associate of the Linnean Society; added ROM hflxrnica and Orobanctu rubra to the list of Irish flora; contributed important articles to Smith's English Botany Flora Britannica and works on every branch of natural history, his collection of mosses and lichens being very extensive.
  35. ^ John Templeton (1802-1R86), tenor vocalist: took the part of Don Ottavio inDon Giovanni Rang with Molibrun, 1833-6.
  36. ^ Richard Db Templo (. 1190–1339). See RlCHAIU).
  37. ^ Watkin Tench (1759?-1833), oldier and author; served in America as lieutenant of marines and was taken prisoner, 1778; accompanied Arthur Phillip to Autralia, 1787, and publishedA Narrative of the Expedition to Botany Bay 1789, and A Complete Account of ... Port Jackson 1793: taken prisoner on board the Alexandra by the French, 1794; published Letter* written in France 1796; major-general, 1811.
  38. ^ Edward Tenison (167S-17W), bishop of Ossory: cousin of Thomas Tenison; educated at St. Paul's School; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1694: LL.B. Lambeth, 1697: D.D. Lambeth, 1731: prebendary of Canterbury, 1709: bishop of Ossory, 1731-5; edited two books of Columella, 1732, and published sermons.
  39. ^ Richard Tenison (1640?-1705), bishop of Meath; kinsman of Thomas Tenison; Mskflt, Dublin, tenant; appointal bishop of Killala, England at the revolution; bishop of Clogher, 1691; translated to Meath, 1697.
  40. ^ Thomas Tenison (163–1715), archbishop of Canterbury: edncated at Norwich free school: scholar of Oorpos Onristi College, Cambridge, 1643: fellow, 1659: MJL 1660 (Incorporated at Oxford. 1664): DJX, 1680: as vicar of St. AiKlrw-theiwt, Cambridge, gatoed credit by his ministrations during the plague: publishedThe Creed of Mr. Hoboes examlned7ie70, and In 1678, Bd-ADUcoum of IdoUtry after other church preferment*, became rector of St. Martin-in-theflelds, London, 1680: publishedAn Argument for Union 1683: ministered to Monmouth before execution, 1G85; won fame by his controversy with the Jesuits and published several pamphlets: attacked Louis XIV; ioin.tl the seven bishops in their celebrated declaration, 1688; active in philanthropic works; established a school and the first public library in Londou in his parish, 1695; preached the funeral sermon on Ni-11 Gwynne: made archdeacon of London by William III, 1689; prominent for his moderation towards dissenters; bishop of Lincoln, 1691-4; archbishop of Canterbury, 1694; revived jurisdiction of the archbishop's court and deprived bishop Thomas Watson (1637-1717) of his see for simony; voted for attainder of Sir John Fen wick, 1696; lost favour in Queen Anne's reign; urged the electress Sophia to come to England; took active measures to secure accession of George I: one of the founders of the S.P.G.
  41. ^ Charles Tennant (1768–1838), manufacturing chemist: studied bleaching processes at Wellmeadow; took out patent for a bleaching liquor, proved, however, in Tennant v. Slater to have been employed before; established chemical works at St. Rollox, near Glasgow, 1800.
  42. ^ Sir James Tennant (1789–1854), brigadiergeneral; educated at Marlow military school: took part in capture of Cape Town, 1806, and in that of Kalinjar, 1812; in successful operations on the Ramgarh ridge, 1814-15; employed in thePindariaud Maratha war, 18171819; present at the taking of Bhartpur, 1825; member of special committee of artillery officers, 1836, and as such performed valuable services; lieutenant-colonel, 1837; commanded fort artillery in the Gwalior campaign, 1843; commandant of artillery at Cawnpore, 1844; commanded artillery at battle of Chilian wal:i and Gujerat: mentioned in despatches, received thanks of parliament and made C.B., 1849; K.O.B., 1852; died at Mian Mir.
  43. ^ James Tennant (1808–1881), mineralogist: purchased mineral business in London; teacher of geological mineralogy and of geology at King's College and Woolwich: superintended the recutting of the Koh-i-uor: F.G.S., 1838; published works dealing with gems and fossils.
  44. ^ Smithson Tennant (1761–1815), chemist ; educated at Edinburgh, Christ's College, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge; M.D. Cambridge, 1 796; F.R.S., 1785; Copley medallist, Roynl Society, 1804; professor of chemistry at Cambridge, 1813; supplied the analytical proof of the composition of fixed air, proved the diamond to consist of carbon, and in 1804 discovered osmium and indium.
  45. ^ William Tennant (1784–1848), linguist and poet; studied at St. Andrews University; learned Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, and Persian: parish schoolmaster; professor of Hebrew and oriental languages, St. Mary's College, St. Andrews, 1834-48; among other works published poems,The Anster Concert 1811, andAuster Fair 1812, the latter immediately making him famous; author also of historical and biblical dramas, and of a Syriac and Chaldee Grammar 1840.
  46. ^ Hamilton Tovey Tennent - (1782–1866), See
  47. ^ Sir James Emerson Tennent , first baronet (1804-1869), traveller, politician, and author; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; visited Greece and other countries, 1824; called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1831; M.P., Belfast, 1832; supporter of Earl Grey till 1834, and later of Peel; promoter of the Copyright of Designs Bill; secretary to the India board, 1841-3; knighted, 1845; filled various official posts at home and at Ceylon; hon. LL.D., 1861; created baronet, 1867; F.R.S.,182; author of several works, including Ceylon 1859.
  48. ^ Alfred Tennyson , first BARON TENNYSON (1809-1892), poet: fourth son of George Tennyson, rector of Somersby; born at Somersby; educated chiefly by his father; published with his brother Charles Poems by two Brothers 1827; matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1828; became acquainted, among others, with Arthur Hallam; studied seriously and won chancellor's medal for English verse with Timbuctoo 1829; publishedPoems, chiefly Lyrical 1830; travelled with Hallam in the Pyrenees and on the Rhine, 1832; pub lished (1832)Poems including some of his noblest pieces (unfavourably reviewed); wrote (1833) sections ofi 'In Mi-moriamandThe Two Voices both being the expression of his irief for Hallam, who had died in 1833; became engaged to Emily Sellwood, though not married till 1860: resided siuvi-ssively with his family after leaving Somersby, 1837, in Eppiug Forest, and at Tunbridge Wells and Boxley; introduced to Gladstone, 1837; publishedPoems 1842, which went through many editions and was attacked by Lord Lytton; lost money in Allen's wood-carving by machinery and given by Peel pension of 200J.; published the Princess 1847, and In Memoriam 1860, the latter being welcomed with greater appreciation by the public than by the critics and theologians of the time: poet laureate on the death of Wordsworth, 1850; travelled in Italy with his wife, 1851; resided at Twickenham; wrote the Ode on the death of Wellington and the Charge of the Light Brigade, 1 1854; took up his residence at Farringford, Isle of Wight, 1853; published Maud 1865, the poem being universally digliked at the time; publishedIdylls of the Kingin 1859, from which date his fame and popularity continued till his death, his treatment of the Arthurian legends at once taking hold of the popular imagination; travelled in England and abroad, 1860-2; published Enoch Arden 1864, the volume including The Northern Farmer: Old Style one of his most popular pieces; published the 'Holy Grailand other poems, 1869; began building Aldworth, his second residence, near Haslemere, 1868; published Gareth and Lynette 1872,Queen Mary 1875, andHarold 1876, literary dramas;The Falconand 'The Cup 1884; reprintedThe Lover's Tale 1879; visited Venice, Bavaria, and Tyrol, 1880; published 'Ballads and Poems 1880; producedThe Promise of May 1882, and Becket 1884; made a peer, 1884; publishedTiresias and other Poems 1886,Locksley Hall, sixty years after 1886; wroteVastness 1887; produced Demeter and other Poems 1889, including Merlin and the GleamandCrossing the Bar brought out 'Robin Hood 1891, andLines on the Death of the Duke of Clarence 1892; buried in Westminster Abbey. A life* of him was published by his son, 1897.
  49. ^ Charles Tennyson (1808–1879). See Charles Tennyson Turner.,
  50. ^ Frederick Tennyson (1807–1898), poet ; elder brother of Alfred Tennyson; educated at Eton; distinguished himself at Trinity College, Cambridge; B.A., 1832; contributed to the Poems by Two Brothers and published Days and Hours 1854, The Isles of Greece 1890, and other volumes of verse.
  51. ^ Tenterden titular EARL OF (l. 1696 See Sir Edward Hales.
  52. ^ Barons Tenterden . See ABBOTT, CHARLES, first BARON, 1762-1832; ABBOTT, CHARLES STUART AUBREY, third BARON, 1834-1882.
  53. ^ Henry Teonge (1621–1690), chaplain in the navy and diarist, his Diary of Henry Teonge, 1675-1679 being published, 1825.
  54. ^ Anthony Terilll (1621–1676). See Anthony Bonville.
  55. ^ Ternan or Terrenan (. 431?), archbishop of the Picts; a disciple of the blessed Palladius; died and was buried at Bauchory on the Dee; also identified with Torannan, abbot of Baugor.
  56. ^ Frances Eleanoh Ternan (1803?–1873 . See Jarman.
  57. ^ Christopher Terne (1620–1673), physician; M.D. Leyden (incorporated first at Cambridge and then at Oxford); F.R.C.P., 1655; lecturer and author: F.R.S.
  58. ^ Richard Terrick (1710–1777), bishop of Peterborough and of London; M.A., 1733; D.D., 1747, Clare College, Cambridge; fellow, 1731; preacher at the Rolls Chapel, 1736-67; chaplain to the speaker and canon of Windsor and St. Paul's; chaplain to George II; vicar of Twickenham, 1749: bishop of Peterborough, 1757; attaching himself to Bute became bishop of London and privy councillor, 1764; prosecuted mass-houses, 1766.
  59. '^ Terrien (d. 1894), orientalist; born in Normandy; descendant of th- r,,rnih Terrien family: studieil oriental lanenav at Hongkong; publishedDu Langatrc Ih'j?: demonstrated affinity between Chinese chnrart.-rs and early Akkadian hieroglyphics: R.A.S., 1879; professor of comparative philosophy at University College, London. IHHI; publi-h.it Th*- Oldest Book of the Chinese 1892, and several other works, mostly dealing uith Chinese, IvL 79}
  60. ^ William Terriss (1847–1897), actor ; hi* true name WII.UAM CHARMS JAMBH LKWIX; educated at Christ's Hn-pital. Ixmdou: joined the merchant service, but ran away; after other adventures appeared first as ctor ut Prince of Wales Theatre, Birmingham, 1887: play iil numerous parts. Including many original ones. In variou London theatres, Including that of Squire Thornhill in WilU'sOlivia 1878, at the Court Theatre, Chateau- Heimud in theCorsican Brothersat the Lyceum, 1880, and Shakespearean characters; accompanied Irving to America, 1883, ami Miss Mill ward, 1889; assassinated while entering the Adelphl Theatre, London.
  61. ^ Charles Terrot (1758–1839), general, royal artillery; as lieutenant took part in repulse of the Americans at Three Rivers, Canada, 1776. and in capture of Ticonderoga, 1777: employed on Canadian defences, 1780-4; took part in the campaign against the French In Madras, 1792-3, and in the Duke of York's campaign in the Netherlands, 1798; thanked for his services at Walcheren, 1809; major-general, 1811; general, 1837.
  62. ^ Charles Hughes Terrot (1790–1872), t.N.op of Edinburgh: descendant of French exiled protestunta; B.A. and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1812; Seatonian prizeman, 1X16: pastor of St. Peter's, Edinburgh, 1817; bishop, 1841-62; published sermons and charges.
  63. ^ Daniel Terry (1780?-1829), actor and playwright; played flret at Bath Heartwell in the Prize and subsequently joined the companies of the elder Mac-ready and Stephen Kemble: acted also in Liverpool and Edinburgh; appeared first in London at the Haymarket, 1812: played there and at Covent Garden numerous parts, Including Shakespeare and Sheridan characters, and many original roles, his acting of Frederick William of Prussia In Abbott's Youthful Days of Frederick the Great 1817, raising his reputation to it* highest point; played subsequently at Drury Lane; Uvame, with Frederick Henry Yates, manager of the Adelphi, 1825, but lost his powers through financial worry; intimate with Sir Walter Scott, whose manner and speech be imitated, and with whom he corresponded, ad vising him ou many literary questions and on the building of Abbotsford; his actiiig highly esteemed by Scott: expressed well the workings of xwerful or agonised minds, and in comedy excelled in old men.
  64. ^ Edward Terry (1590–1660), writer of travels : If. A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1614: went to India as chaplain in the Kast India Company's fleet, 1616, and in a mission to Mandoa, 1617: publishedA Voyage to Bast India 1655, and other works.
  65. ^ John Terry or Tirreye (1555?–1625), divine; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1576; M.A., 1582; anti-Roman catholic writer.
  66. ^ Thomas Tesdale, Teasdale . or Tisdale (1547-1610), co-founder of Pembroke College, Oxford; maltster. The feoffees under his will acquiesced in the project of a new college, and the existing foundation of Broadgates Hall was erected by the name of Pembroke College 1624.
  67. ^ Oswald Tesimond, alias GRKKNWAT, OSWALD (1W31636), Jesuit: aliat PHILIP BEAUMONT: educated at Rome and joined Jesuits, 1684; came to England and was charged with complicity in the Gunpowder plot; was arrested, but escaped abroad and died at Naples: hisntoblographvprinted in Morris'sTroubles of our Catholic Forefathers.
  68. ^ TEVIOT, EARL OF (d. 1664). See ANDREW RUTHERFORD.
  69. ^ Viscount Teviot (1652?-1711). See THOMAS LIVINGSTONE.
  70. ^ Tewkesbury JuIIN (*. 1869). Bee Ttrmtxn,
  71. ^ Francis Thackeray '(lTtl-1841), author of A History of Willlan. other worb; curate; M.A. Pa 1817; uncle of William Itakep nHVBLL (CTI
  72. ^ Frederick Thackeray vfflLnrgssrc&s as lieutenant, R.K.. at Gibraltar and in the Bast Indies, .u.i tl theea* od -: MM IfM, adfwsdbb, i:it. ....::.:-..:...,.-.:... sj meosHfdl sttstfl Sfc *. 1909 Jring of mentioned In despatches for services in taking of S  ;,r..!i...!,-. i,,..r.: -I-. t. -k Sent* M.iun. loir.n, -I,.,- 1-.::u. I; sjMfe th- tuqESS&m uag. present at battle of Cartalla, and at investment of Tarra gona, 1813; coloneU R.B 18J; C.B..1M1; general, 18*4.
  73. ^ George Thackeray (1777-18W), provost of King's College, Cambrklge; brother of Frederick Kennell Thackeray: of Eton and King's College, Cam:. llow of King's College, 1800: M.A.. 180t: D.D. by royal mandate, 1814: provost of King's College, 1814-1850; book-collector and chaplain to George III and hi.
  74. ^ William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–1863), novelist: bom at Calcutta: only child of Richmond Tlnckeray, collector in India: descended from a Yorkshire yeoman family: wait to England, 1817; educated at Chiswick. at the Charterhouse, London, 18il-8, under John Russell (1787-1863), and at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1829-30, where be studied little, but vrot numerous verses; travelled abroad and visited Goethe at Weimar: entered the Middle Temple, 1831, hot soon abandoned the legal profession: purchased The National Standard awl Journal of LiU-rature, Science. Music, Theatrical*, and the Fine Arts 1833, which wan unsuccessful; had meanwhile spent his fortune and wttled at Paris to study drawing; engaged in various literary experiment*: published Flore et Zx-phyr (satirical drawing* X 1836 anu became Paris correspondent of the Constitutional which failed: married Isabella Shawe, 1836; returned to England, 1837: wrote for The for Fraser's Magazine to which he contributed the Yellowplush Correspondence and for other journals; separated from his wife on account of her insanity: published the Paris Sketch-book 1840, Comic Tales and Sketches 1841, theHistory of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond 1841, the Irish Sketchbook 1843 (the result of a tour in Ireland In 1842). 'Conihill to Cairo 1846, and the Luck of Barry Lyndon IKK,, none of these, however, being cuccessful: contributed to Punch 1842-64, both with peu and pencil, and gained celebrity by the Snob Papers which flnt appeared in Punch: published a Christmas- book yearly, 1846-40: published Vanity Fair 1847-8, which completely established bis reputation: ami Pendenuia 1848-5O. the latter embodying experience of his early life, though the characters in it cannot be identified with their originals; elected to the Athenu-um Club, 1851: lectured on the English Humorists 1851: publishedKtmond 186S: lectured in America, 18&2-3; wrote *Tbe Newcomrt 1853; visited 8wltsrland and Rome: producedThe ROM and the Ring 1854: lectured ou The Four Georges in America, 1855, and afterwards in England, 1856; contested Oxford city unsuxvsfully as a liberal, 1857: publishedThe Virginian. 1867-9: quarrelled with Edmund Yates on account of thelatter's personalities, which tod to withdrawal of Yates from the Garrick Club, and also to a coolness with Dickens; reconciled with Dickens shortly before his death, although the two great novelist* never felt much mutual attraction: became editor of theCornhlUY 1860-2, to which he contributed Lovel the Widower 1860, The Advcutun* f Philip 1861-2. Denis DuvaV and theRoundabout Paper* which had great success, though his tenderheartlnew and unbusinesslike hablto prevented his being a good editor. The flrst collective edition of bis works appeared in 22 vobv, 18 *7
  75. ^ Thackwell 8m JOSEPH (1 781-1 859X lieutenantgeneral: served with 15th light dragoons in retreat to Corufl*; prwent at battles of Vittoria, the Pyreosia, Orthes, and Toulouse: recommended for a brevet majority: lost bis left arm at Waterloo; coummmled his moment, 1820-32; present at capture of Gha.ni; commanded cavalry in the Uwalior campaign, 1843, being m-iitiinil in despatches after battle of Maharajpur, 1844 and at Sobraon in first Sikh war, 1846; commanded cavalry at Chilianwala; received thanks of parliament and made Q.C.B., 1849; lieutenant-general, 1864.
  76. ^ Osbert Dabitot Thackwell (1837–1868), lieutenant: son of Sir Joseph Thackwell; lieutenant, 1856; killed at Lacknow.
  77. ^ John Thane (1748–1818), printeeller and eneraver: editor of British Autography &c., 1793. Llvi. 107
  78. ^ Thanet ninth EARL OP (1767–1826). See SACKVILLE TUFTON.
  79. ^ Philip De Thattht (jr. 1120).
  80. ^ Thomas Thayre (fl. 1603–1626), medical writer; published a Treatise of the Pestilence 1603.
  81. ^ Theak 8TON, JOSEPH (1772 - 1842), sculptor ; carved draperies and accessories of Chautrey's statues; ablest ornamental carver of his time.
  82. ^ William Theed (1764–1817), painter of classical subjects; designer for Messrs. Wedgwood and others; R.A.,1813.
  83. ^ William Theed (1804–1891), sculptor ; son of William Theed (1764-1817): studied at the Royal Academy and in Italy under Thorvaldsen and others; executed many well-known statues, busts, and groups, including Africa for the Albert Memorial.
  84. ^ Theinbed (. 1371), musical theorist; Benedictine monk: wrote De legitimis ordinibus Pentacordorum et Tetracordorum 1371.
  85. ^ Peter Thellusson (1737–1797), merchant ; of Huguenot family; born in Paris; came to London and was naturalised, 1762; famous for his eccentric will, which left a large fortune to accumulate for several generations; his will held valid by Lord Longhborouerh, 1799, but act passed, 1800, prohibiting such accumulations for the future.
  86. ^ Algernon Sydney Thelwall (1795–1863), son of John Thelwall; clergyman; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1826; published religious works.
  87. ^ Sir Eubule Thelwall (1562–1630), principal and benefactor of Jesus College, Oxford: B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1577: M.A. Oxford, 1580; barrister, Gray's Inn, 1595, treasurer, 1625; master in chancery, 1617; knighted, 1619; principal of Jesus College, Oxford, 1621-30; M.P., Denbighshire, 1624-5, 1626, and 1628-9.
  88. ^ John Thelwall (1764–1834), reformer and lecturer on elocution; began life in his father's business as mercer, then became tailor and attorney's clerk; gave up his legal work through scruples; maintained himself by his pen; published Poems upon various Subjects 1787; editor of theBiographical and Imperial Magazine carried away by French revolutionary doctrines; made an eloquent speech at OoachmakersHall, 1790; supported Home Tooke at Westminster, and joined the Society of the Friends of the People; obtained great notoriety by his sallies; arrested, 1794, and sent to the Tower of London with Home Tooke, but acquitted: pnblishedPoems written in the Tower and Newgate 1795: left London, but denounced the government in Lectures upon Roman History; abandoned politics and became lecturer on elocution; established institution in London for the cure of defects in speech, 1809; published * Treatment of Cases of Defective Utterance 1814; advocated reform in his journal, The Champion,* 1818, which proved a failure; published works dealing with elocution and political questions.
  89. ^ Theobald or Tedbaldus -. 1161), archbishop of Canterbury; came of a Norman knightly family nettled near Thierceville; monk of Bee; abbot, 1137; archbishop of Canterbury, 1138; after some hesitation joined the Empress Maud against King Stephen, but returned to hi* allegiance to Stephen on the king's release, 11 11, and crowned him at Canterbury; attached to his household rising men of legal and political talent, including Thomas (Becket); Introduced study of civil law into England, and brought over Yacarius of Mantua, the famous jurist: involved in disputes with Henry, bishop of Winchester, who as legate till the death of Pope Innocent II, 1143, caused division of authority: engaged in disputes with St. Augustine's and Christ Church convent, Canterbury: went to Koine, 1143, and being supported by Bernard of Clairvaux obtained satisfaction from the new pope, Eugenins III, an, I was made legate by 1150; was refused by Stephen permission to attend the pope's council at Kheims, 1148, but managed to cross the Channel secretly in a boat; on hisreturn was exiled and his revenues seized; forced to go back to France; published an interdict of the pope, which was little observed; returned to England, became reconciled to King Stephen, and received submission of the monks at St. Augustine's; refused to crown Stephen V son, Eustace, king, 1152, and was imprisoned, but c.-rapul to Flanders; recalled by Stephen under threat of an interdict; brought about reconciliation between Stephen and Henry, duke of Normandy, 1153, and on death of Stephen maintained order in the kingdom till Henry'sarrival, 1154; recommended Archdeacon Thomas Bucket to Henry II as chancellor to secure continuity in hisecclesiastical policy, his hopes, however, being disappointed; wished him to be his successor; buried in Canterbury Cathedral. During his primacy be successfully resisted the efforts of the monasteries to rid themselves of episcopal control. He supported Stephen as the king recognised by the pope, but opposed him whenever he resisted the will of the church, the church becoming under him more powerful and more dependent on the pope, he may be said to have been the founder of canonical jurisprudence in England.
  90. ^ Lewis Theobald (1688–1744), editor of Shakespeare; became an attorney, but soon abandoned the law for literature: pnblished an ode on the union, 1707, and translations of Plato, Eschylus, Sophocles, Aristophanes, and Homer, poems, essays, biographies, and dramaticworks; accused of scandalous plagiarism in respect of hisPerfidious Brother 1715; publishedShakespearerestored, or a Specimen of the many Errors as well committed as unamended by Mr. Pope in his late Edition of this Poet 1726, exposing Pope's incapacity as critic; made the hero of the Dunciad and ridiculed in the. Miscellanies 1727-8, at the same time that his best corrections were incorporated in Pope's second edition of Shakespeare; defended himself in The Author, 1729; produced the Double Falsehood a tragedy, 1727, as a work of Shakespeare's, though probably from his own pen; edited the posthumous works of Wycherley, and contributed notes to Cook's Hesiod 1728; failed in his candidature for the poet laureateship, 1730: contributed valuable emendations on Eschylus, Athenaus, andi other Greek writers, to Miscellaneous Observations oi Authors, Ancient and Modern by Zachary Pearce, 1731; published an edition of Shakespeare, 1734, which raised him to the front rank of Shakespearean commentators; pursued by poverty: wrote various tragedies and operas, and was engaged on an edition of Beaiunout and Fletcher at the time of his death.
  91. ^ Theodore (602?–690), archbishop of Canterbury : native of Tarsus in Oilicia; studied at Athens; well versed in literature, and Greek and Latin, and called the philosopher: while a monk at Rome was consecrated by Pope Vitalian archbishop of Canterbury, 668; arrived at Canterbury, 669; made a tour throughout the island; imposed the Roman order and was the first archbishop to whom the whole English church agreed in submitting: together with Hadrian, now made abbot of St. Augustine's, founded a school of learning at Canterbury; held a synod at Hertford, 673, which was the first time that the English church acted as one body; subdivided many of the dioceses, before conterminous with the kingdoms, and created many new bishoprics; separated the diocese of Wilfrid (the country north of the Humber) into four (afterwards five) dioceses, and appointed bishops to them, Wilfrid being left the see of York, on which Wilfrid, having appealed to Rome, was authorised by Pope Agatho to expel the new bishops and appoint his own: made peace between Egfrid of Northumbria and Ethel red of Mercia, 679; divided Mercia into five dioceses: held u synod at Hatfield, 680, to declare orthodoxy of the English church; reconciled to Wilfrid, 686; a great organiser, the effects of his work existing to the present day; gave the church unity and order, his autocrat!.- -pint, howi-vrr, li-:iilinir him into inifiiir tniitim-nt of Wilfrid; never regarded tv tin- mcinks nu paint; -olmlar, anl author, nt least in p;irt. of tin- IViiit.-nutl of consider .-!.i-:i-;d tiud liistoru-iil interact. Ivi.
  92. ^ Etienne Theodore , U.umv ii: Nr.riiorr (rf. 1756), adventurer and king of Corsica: married on Irinh lady inn.M rvir-ri.-ld, a member of the suite of Queen Kli.:it.th Farnen of Spain; absconded from Spain, 1720; vi-it.-l KiiL'hmd aud Holland, subsequently residing at Floreiir,-;,, the imperial service, ontU be went to Corsica: v.i- priN -Liimcd king of Corsica, 1730, bat lout his throne; f:iili t regain it by English aid and came to England an exile; was imprisoned for debt In the Fleet, but obtained his discharge under the Insolvent Act.
  93. ^ John Joseph Therry (1791–1864), patriarch of the Koman Mtluli- church in New Sooth Warn; born at Cork; one of the priests sent out by the English government to New South Wales, 1819: laid the foundationstone of St. Joseph's chapel (now part of Sydney Roman catholic cathedral), 1829.
  94. ^ Sir Roger Therry (1800–1874), judge in New South Wales; called to the Irish bar, 1824, to the English bar, 1827; went to New South Wales, 1829: attacked on account of hU Roman catholic leanings; attorney-general, 1841: puisne judge of the supreme court and primary judge in equity, New South Wales, 1846; wrote Reminiscences 1863, and edited George Canning's speech**.
  95. ^ Alfred Henry Thesiger (1838–1880), lord justice of appeal: son of Frederick The*iger, first baron Ohelmsford; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1862: barrier, Inner Temple, 1862: Q.0, 1873; lord justice of appeal ami privy councillor, 1877-80.
  96. ^ Sir Frederick Thesiger (d. 1805), naval officer; uncle of Frederick Tbesiger, first Baron Chelmsford: aide-de-camp to Rodney, 1782: served in the Russian navy and distinguished himself in the war Iictweeu Russia and Sweden; left on death of the Einpraa Catherine, 1797: aide-de-camp to Nelson at the battle of Copenhagen, and took flag of truce to the crown prince through the enemy's fire, his knowledge of the Baltic proving of great value in subsequent operations; promoted post-captain and knighted.
  97. ^ Frederick Thesiger , first BAROX CHBLMSFORD (1794-1878), lord chancellor: entered the navy and present at seizure of Danish fleet at Copenhagen, 1807; joined his father, collector of customs at St. Vincent, 1811: returned to England and was called to the bar from Gray's Inn, 1818: leader in the home circuit: K.O., 1834; conservative M.P. successively for Woodstock, 1840, Abingdon, 1844, and Stamford, 1852: hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 1842; F.B-S., 1845; solicitor-general, 1844; attorney-general, 1845 till the fall of Peel's administration, 1846, and again in Lord Derby's, 1852; made Baron Cbelmsford and lord chancellor, 1858-9 and 1866-8.
  98. ^ Robert Thew (1758-1802), engraver; son of an innkeeper; executed many excellent engravings, Including plates for John Boydell's Shakespeare.
  99. ^ John Theyer (1597–1673), antiquary: educated at Magdalen College, Oxford: created M.A., 1643; practised law in London; served to Charles I's army: presented to Charles I his * Aerio Mastix 1643; a portion of his collection of manuscripts is now in the British M u-eum.
  100. ^ Ann Thicknesse formerly Ford (1737–1824), authoress and musician; a favourite in society on account of her beauty and talent, her Sunday concerts being famous: sang, * accompanying herself on the musical glasses in public, in spite of her father's violent measures to prevent her: married Philip Thicknesse, 1762, after whose death she was arrested in France, 1792; published Instructions for playing on the Musical Glasses 1761, and The School for Fashion a novel, 1800.
  101. ^ George Thicknesse (1714–1790), schoolmaster; hrothr of Philip Thioknesse: chaplain of St. Paul's School, London, 1737, and high master, 1748-69.
  102. ^ Philip Thicknesse (1719–1792), lieutenantgovernor of Landguard Fort; began life as apothecary, but went out to Georgia with Oglethorpe, 1786; served as lieutenant in Jamaica again* runaway negroes; became captain of marines, 1741; porchaeed flaatenant-forernorshlp of Landgoard Fort, 1766; Imprisoned and fined for l.u-ii.n* Colonel Francis Vernon, ITU: patronised Oatesborough; wrote tetters in theCrisissignedJonlns, 1 ieuoonoingadeoMonagai.- House of among other works, ofJuntos Discovered 17W. in vbiehhrtsi m&*m i H,,,,., T..,;.,. -: vl. isr
  103. ^ Charles Philip Hippolytus Thierry, BAROS i. K (1793-1864), colonist; a French refugee: of -i Queen* Q BsfdBUte; to form an empire in New Zealand at Auckland.
  104. ^ Richard Thimelby (1614–1680).
  105. ^ Styan Thirlby (1686?-1711), critic and theologian; of Jesus College, Cambridge; BJL, 1704; fdlow. 1712: published The University of Cambridge Vindicated 1710 (against Bentley). and several books on divinity, including his splendid edition of Justin! Philosopfal et Martyrift Apologia? du, et Dialogos com Tryphone Judax) 1722, railed againt classical stodlw and Bentley contributed notes to Theobald's Shakespeare
  106. ^ Thomas Thirlby or Thirleby (1500?–1570), only bishop of Westminster and successively bishop of Norwich and Ely; educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge: fellow: doctor of civil law, 1528; doctor of canon law, 1530; patronised by Cranmer and commended by him to Henry VIII; archdeacon of Ely and member of convocation which recognised Henry VIII's ecclesiastical supremacy, 1534; dean of the Chapel Royal, London; member of the council of the north, 1536; ambassador to Francis I, 1538: as prolocutor of Canterbury convocation signed decree annulling Henry VIII's marriage with Anne of Cleves, 1540; commissioner to deliberate on religious doctrines; made bishop of Westminster, 1540: privy councillor: ambassador to the Emperor Charles V in Spain, 1542 and 1646; declared in parliament his objections to the abolishment of the elevation and the adoration 1549, and voted against Act of Uniformity; bishop of Norwich. 1550; served on various commissions and embassies: at heart a Roman catholic; translated by Queen Mary from Norwich to Ely, 1554; presided at the trial of Bishop Hooper and others; ambassador to the pope, 1555; assisted at the degradation of Cranmer, 16*6: commissioner to treat for the restoration of Calais, 1558; refused to take oath of supremacy to Queen Elisabeth, and deposed, 1559, and continuing to preach against the Reformation was imprisoned, 1560.
  107. ^ Thirlestane, Baron Maitland of (1546?-1595).
  108. ^ Connop Thirlwall (1797–1876), historian and bishop of St. David's: son of Thomas Thirl wall; educated at the Charterhouse, London, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he greatly distingni* bed hh"****; Bell and Craven scholar. 1815; fellow and H.A., 1818; travelled abroad: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1826; published his work on HchleiermachcrCritical Essay on the Gospel of St Luke 1*25; returned to Cambridge; took orders, 1827: became tutor and lecturer; published with Hare, translation of the first volume of Niebuhr's Rome 1888, and essays; wrote Letter on the Admission of Dissenters to Academical Degrees 1834, deprecating Inclusion of religions teaching in the instruction at Cambridge, and was oblifred to resign mi-lit*: given living of Kir by Underdaks by; completed his History of Greece 1836-44; of St. David's by Melbourne, 1840; showed great energy, learning to preach in Welsh, visiting every part of his large diocese, and building numerous churches; supported abolition of Jewish disabilities, 1848, and disestablishment of the Irish church, 1869: buried in Westminster Abbey in the same grave with Grote.
  109. ^ Thomas Thirlwall (d. 1827), rector of Bower's Gifford, and author.
  110. ^ William Thirning (d. 1413), chief-justice of the common pleas; chief-justice, 1396-1413: the proceedings of 1388 relating to the judges reversed owing to his opinion, 1398; obtained from Richard II his abdication. rivi. 141
  111. ^ Arthur Thistlewood (1770-18fO), Cato Street conspirator; said to have been illegitimate eon of William Thistlewood, a Lincolnshire farmer: developed revolutionary sympnthii-s ty readini: I'nine's works and by visits to America and IarU: ensign in the militia, 1798: after death of his wife drifted to London from Lincoln ami joined the Spenoean Society; organised mutiny at Spa Fields, 1816, to inaugurate a revolution which proved a failure: arrested, but acquittal, 1817; bnpriMned fur ending a challenge to Lord Sidmouth, 1818; on liis release, 1819, became one of a secret directory of thirteen pledirul to violent measures; planned assassination of the cabinet ministers when dining at Lord Harrowby's house in Orosvenor Square, London, 1820, Edwards, however, one of the conspirators, reporting everything to the government, and most of the party being apprehended in a loft in Oato Street, London; escaped after killing a policeman, but captured the day after; was convicted of high treason and hanged,
  112. ^ Alexander Thom (1801–1879), founder of Thom's Almanac; son of Walter Thom; founded Thom's Almanac 1844, and published A Collection of Tracts and Treatises concerning Ireland, 1860.
  113. ^ James Thom . 181 5), subject-painter.
  114. ^ James Thom (1802–1850), sculptor; self-taught artist; began life as an apprentice to builders; sculptured figures of Tain oShanter and Souter Johnnie, which were secured for the Burns monument, Ayr; attracted great notice in London, and executed other groups; went to America, executed replicas, a statue of Burns, and ornamental work; died at New York.
  115. ^ John Hamilton Thom (1808–1894), Unitarian divine; became a Unitarian after reading works of Channing; minister at Renshaw Street Chapel, Liverpool, 1831-54 and 1857-66: editor of the Christian Teacher 1838; contributed to the Liverpool Unitarian controversy, 1839; author of Life of Blanco White 1845, and of several important works, including Laws of Life after the Mind of Christ 1883 and 1886.
  116. ^ John Nichols Thom (1799–1838).
  117. ^ Walter Thom (1770–1824), miscellaneous writer; editor of the Dublin Journal
  118. ^ William Thom (1798?-1848), Scottish poet; a weaver: contributedThe Blind Boy's Pranks part i., to the Aberdeen Herald 1841, which attracted much notice; publishedRhymes and Recollections 1844; settled in London, where he found supporters and admirers; died in poverty at Dundee.
  119. ^ Eaul Op Lancaster Thomas , LEICESTER, DERBY, Lincoln and SALISBURY (1277?–1322), eldest son of Edmund, earl of Lancaster, brother of Edward I; at Edward II's accession made steward of England: became the enemy of Gaveston, who defeated him in arms; attended the parliament of 1310, and obliged Edward II to consent to the appointment of the twenty-eightordainers of whom he was one, and to the supersession of his authority; banished Gaveston, who, however, returned, 1312; brought about the death of Gaveston after his surrender to the Earl of Pembroke at Scarborough under guarantee of safe conduct; was pardoned by Edward II, but refused to be reconciled with Hugh le Despenser, 1313, or to accompany Edward II to Scotland: after Baunockburn obtained complete control of Edward II: engaged in a private war with the Earl of Warenne; accompanied Edward II to the siege of Berwick, 1318, but soon quitted him, and was accused of having taken bribes from the enemy; obliged Edward II to consent to banishment of the Despensern, 1321, but after the capture of Leeds Castle showed hesitation in assisting his friends in the south, 1322, and meeting the royal forces; taken at Boroughbridge and beheaded. Though afterwards made into a saint and martyr through popular idealisation and Edward H's misgovernment, he showed no patriotism or prudence.
  120. ^ of Brothertox Thomas , EARL OP NORFOLK, and Marshal of England (1300–1338), eldest child of Edward I by his second wife, Margaret, sister of Philip the Fair; created Earl of Norfolk, 1312, and marshal of England, 1316; acted as warden of England during Edward I IV absence in Scotland. 1819; adhered t u Edward II in the struggle against Thomas of Lancaster, 1321, but was one of the first to join Queen Isabella on her landing, 1326; received grants of estates of the Despensers and others, and married his son to Mortimer's daughter; becoming discontented joined the conference of the magnates in St. Paul's, London, 1329, and welcomed Edward Ill's attainment of power.
  121. ^ of Woodstock Thomas , EARL OP BUCKINGHAM and Duke of Gloucester (1355–1397), seventh and youngest son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault; styled Karl of Essex In right of his wife Eleanor, daughter of Bohiin, earl of Hereford; constable of England, 1376; Earl of Buckingham and knighted, 1377; averted landing of Frencli and Spaniards at Dover, 1380, and captured eight Spanish ships off Brest; led expedition to the assistance of the Duke of Brittany, which came to nothing, since the duke made peace with Charles VI; mortified by John of Gaunt's conduct towards him, Richard It's attempts at arbitrary government drawing them to-rether later; dispersed insurgents in Essex, 1381; associated with Gaunt in expeditions and negotiations; supported him when accused of treason; created Duke of Gloucester, 1385; placed himself at the head of the opposition to Richard II; one of the judges who condemned Suffolk, 1386; threatened Richard II with the fate of Edward II; with other lords routed De Vere at Radcotbridge, 1388; chiefly responsible for the vindictiveuess of the Merciless parliament; held the reins of power till 1389, when Richard II resumed the government; obtained money and lauds for himself, and chief-justiceship of Chester; arrested by Richard II after further provocation at Pleshey, 1397; was taken to Calais and announced as dead in September, but interviewed by Sir William Rickhill, 8 Sept., when he handed to him a written confession,; announced again as dead, 24 Sept., probably murdered, Halle and Serle being executed for the deed subsequently by Henry IV. He composed, c. 1390, L'Ordonnance d'Angleterre pour le Camp a I'outrauce, ou gaige de bataille
  122. ^ Dukr of Clarence Thomas (1388?–1421), second son of Henry IV by Mary de Bohun; lieutenant of Ireland, 1401; commanded the fleet which burnt vessels at Sluys and ravaged the coast of Normandy, 1405; captain of Guinea, 1407; arrested Earl of Kildare in Ireland and made raid into Leinster, 1408; returned to England, quarrelled with the Beauforts, and on their fall, 1412, supplanted Henry, prince of Wales in the government; made Duke of Clarence, 1412; commanded an expedition to France; served at the siege of Harfleur, 1415: received the Emperor Sigismund at Dartford, 1416; took part in the great expedition, 1417, which ended in Henry V's triumphal entry into Paris, 1420; appointed lieutenant of France at Henry V's departure, 1421, and, impatient to win a victory like Agincourt, attacked the French with his cavalry only at Beaug6 and was defeated and slain; buried at Canterbury.
  123. ^ of Bayeux Thomas (d. 1100), archbishop of York: a native of Bayeux; son of Osbert, a priest, and brother of Samson (d. 1112), bishop of Worcester: educated by Odo, bishop of Bayeux: studied in France, Germany, and Spain; accompanied Odo to England, and was made one of the Conqueror's chaplains; appointed archbishop of York, 1070; refused profession of obedience to Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, but was obliged by William I to yield, and the question being decided by a council of bishops at Windsor, 1072, in favour of Canterbury, was blamed by Pope Alexander II, according to a York historian, for yielding: failed also in claim to estates held by the bishop of Worcester: present at council of London, 1076, when place of the archbishop of York was decided to be on the right of the archbishop of Canterbury; claimed Lincoln for his province, 1092; at the consecration of Ansclm successfully objected to Canterbury being styled the metropolitan church of all Britain 1093; noted for his learning and skill in I music; engaged in disputes without personal bitterness; ! rebuilt or restored his cathedral: introduced the system which became general in secular chapters, and carried out many reforms; wrote the epitaph in elegiac verse placed on the tomb of the Conqueror.
  124. ^ Thomas (d. 1114), archbishop of York; son of Samson (d. 1112), bishop of Worcester; brought up by his uncle, Thomas of Bayeux; provost of Beverley, 1092; one of William Il's chaplains; made archbishop of York, 1108, when the dispute commenced with Anselm concerning the profession of obedience: made profession after Auselm's death by command of Henry 1, but not in consequence of any legal decision. 1 109, ami . ins pull from the legate L'lr -MiuM.-r.
  125. ^ Thomas known as THOMAS 1 BBCKBT (ill-: 117"i. ar.-hbi-.hop of Canterbury; son of Gilbert Becket, of a Norman fatuity of knUhU; portreeve of London: educated at Merton Prior}*, London, and Purls; 1 notary: entered tlie service of Arrlibi  : accompanied Theobald to llome, 1143; driven uv:i i.y the jeuloiwy of Roger of Pont 1'Eveqnc: stii'li.-l.Mimn law at Bologna and Auxerre; accompanied Theobald to the council of Uhehitf, 1148; pre voronatu.n of Kinir Stephen ion Eustace, 1152: archdeacon of Canterbury, 1154: chancellor. 1156, In which capacity be co-operated with Henry II In his policy, an extraordinary intimacy growing up between them: ambassador to France to propose marriage between H eldest on and Loata VIPs daughter, when hit magnlflcence made a great Impression; supported Henry IT* expedition against Toulouse, 1159, when the church was disproportionately cr,-at military of Canterbury, a council at Woodstock successfully opposed Henry II on a point of taxation (the first case of sooh opposition in English history X 1163; endeavoured to reclaim alienated ans ououse,, wen e curc was ately taxed, and in which be performed y services; became unwUliugly archbishop , 1 162, and refused to remain chancellor; at property of his see, even from ti crown; prohibited marriage of Henry IV A brother, William of Anjou, to the Countess of Warenne: opposed royal jurisdiction over crimiuous clerks: on Henry II's calling upon the bishops at Westminster to confirmhis grandfather's customs refused: afterwards on a supposed order from Pope Alexaixl.r III, submitted at Clarendon, 1164, but refused to seal the Constitutions of Clarendon, then drawn up; summoned to Northampton to account for various sums of money, on which occasion he appeared at the council, holding his cross, appealed to Pope Alexander III, and being refused a safe-conduct, fled secretly to Louis VII of France; obtained condemnation of the constitutions from Pope Alexander III: resided at PontUny Abbey and at Sens, while Henry confiscated the property of his .see and banished his friends, to which he replied with threat*? of excommunication, 1166, a personal interview at Montmirail subsequently failing to effect a reconciliation, and the quarrel being embittered by the coronation of the young Prince Henry by Hor of York and other bishops, in spite of Pope Alexander Ill's and the primate's prohibition, 1170; suspended Archbishop Roger and all the bishops who had taken part In the ceremony; returned, however, to England, Henry II having promised amends for this violation of his rights, but was met by a demand for the absolution of all the suspended bishops, which he refused: set out for Winchester, but was ordered to return to Canterbury; excommunicated those in possession of his estates; was murdered by Hugh de Morville (d. 1204), William de Tracy Beginakl Fitzurse, Richard le Breton, and others In Canterbury Cathedral, 29 Dec., his shrine becoming the most famous hi Christendom and Henry II doing public penance at his tomb, 1174: many hospitals and churches named In his honour. The shrine was broken up, 1538, and St. Thomas was ordered to be styled Bishop Becket and all images of him to be destroyed.
  126. ^ Thomas known as THOMAS BROWN (. 1170), officer of the exchequer; served under the Norman kings of Sicily, and later in the English exchequer.
  127. ^ Thomas called of BEVKRLKY (. 1174), hagiograpber; wrote life of St. Margaret of Jerusalem, his sister.
  128. ^ of Ely Thomas (T. 1175), hlstorian and monk of Ely; author of a history of Ely and other works.
  129. ^ Thomas (fl. 1200?) romance-writer; produced versions of the romances of King Horn and Tristan in French; generally Identified with "Thomas von Britanic
  130. ^ De Marlebkrgk Thomas (. 1336). See MARLB
  131. ^ Wallensis Thomas or or WALES (d. 1265). See
  132. ^ De Hiberxia Thomas (d. 1270),
  133. ^ De Wykes Thomas (. 1258–1293),
  134. ^ Thomas I D I ! THOMAS : !:,:YW: :: (. 123U V-1297 ?X 8M BfttKUX.i
  135. ^ Thomas or OORBBIMB (d. 1304). Set CoH BUllM.H.
  136. ^ Tick Thomas BxauiUMAX (d. 1110). See JORZ or I'll.
  137. ^ Thomas HiBimxicm or DE HIBEHMA (. 130 1S16X known also as PALMEKAM** or PALMKRHTOX. theological writer; wroteTabula origiiuUium sins Manipulus Florum, 1 1SU6, and other works.
  138. ^ Uk La Mork Thomas ( *. 1327–1351).
  139. ^ Thomas or HATFIELD (d. 1381 )
  140. ^ Thomas ny AUHBORXB (. 1382), theological controverslalist: master in theology, Oxford.
  141. ^ Ahhbburxb Thomas (. 1384 X poet: scholar of Corpus Christl College, Oxford, and Carmelite of Northampton: wrote an Knglbh theological poem, formerly lu the Cottoulau MSS., which has been burnt.
  142. ^ De Newenham Thomas (. 1193). See XEWEX
  143. ^ Thomas ..: NI:WMARKET (.*. 1410?X arithmetician; M.A. Cambridge; wrote aComment urn In Comptitum Ecclesiasticum Dionysi (Exigui),and other work*.
  144. ^ Nktter Thomas or WALDKX (d. 1430). See M; in:.;
  145. ^ The Bastard Thomas (. 1471). See FAUCONBERG,Thomas
  146. ^ Ah Izuan Ai Thomas - RHYS (. 1617 ; ). bard and farmer; writer of ballads.
  147. ^ Ok St Thomas . OUKGOUY (1564–1644). See HILL,
  148. ^ Arthur Goring Thomas (1850-18W), composer; studied at Paris and at the Royal Academy: composed The Light of the Harem Estneralda and other operas, besides cantatas, songs, and other muclc.
  149. ^ David Thomas (1760?–1822). known as 'Dafydd Ddu Eryri Wdsh poet and vc IMW! master; published poems onThe Life of Man 17H9. Liln-rty 179U, ami Truth 17!1; ptiblishe.1 Torph y Gaiuc (collection of Welsh poems, wmc original), I8lo.
  150. ^ David Thomas (1813–1894), divine: minister of the congregational church at lit* ham. and (1H44-77) of the Independent church at 8 toe k well: published "The Augustine Hymn-book 18G6, containing original hymna of his own,The Homilirt(commenced in 1852), awl other works, chiefly religious: originated the university of SVale-i at Aberj'stwyth, 1872; startedThe Dial newspaper, 1860, and theCambrian Daily Leader 1861.
  151. ^ Edward Thomas (181S-1886), Indian antiquary; son of Honoratus Leigh Thomas; went to India as writer in service of East India Company, 18SJ: Indian judge; published Chronicles of the Pathaii Kings of Delhi 1847, Prinsep's Essays on Indian Antiquities Useful Tables 1858, and other noteworthy works in which he broke new ground.
  152. ^ Elizabeth Thomas (1677-1731) poetaster; known asCorinna a name given to her by Dryden, with whom she correspomled; sold letters of Pope to Curll for publication. 1726: probably subsisted by blackmailing; concocted a fictitious account of Dryden's death, 1727; died in poverty; author of Poems on several Occasions 1722, Codrus, or the Dunclad DUsected 1729, and other work*.
  153. ^ Ernest Chester Thomas (1 80-1892), bibliographer; B.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1875; barrister. Gray's Inn, 1881: edited the lliilobiMon of Richard de Bury 1888; translated Lange'sGescbtchte des Ma. terialismus 1880-1.
  154. ^ Francis Sheppakd Thomas (1794?–187X archivist: secretary at the Public Record Office: author of Handbook to Public Records 1863, and otl*r works.
  155. ^ Frederick Jennings Thomas (1786–1855), rear-admiral; present iu action of 22 July 18U5, uml present at Trafalgar on the Spartiate; defended Cadiz against the French, 1809-11; rear-admiral, 1846.
  156. ^ George Thomas (1756?-1802), adventurer in Tudia and Irishman: sailor in the navy, but deserting became commander of the begum of Sirdhana's army, 1787, and of Appa Rao's forces; governor of Meerut, 1793; asserted his independence, and became master of extensive Sikh territories, 1797-9, but was driven out with French assistance, 1802; famous for his military genius and recklessness.
  157. ^ George Housman Thomas (1824 - 1868), painter; illustrated a New York paper, 1846, and contributed to theIllustrated London Newsfrom Rome, 1849; painted pictures for Queen Victoria.
  158. ^ Honoratus Leigh Thomas (1769–1846), surgeon; worked under John Hunter: surgeon in the army and navy; fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons on its formation, 1843; F.R.S. 1806; Hunterian orator, 1827; published medical works.
  159. ^ John Thomas (1691–1766), successively bishop of Lincoln and Salisbury: son of a drayman; of Merchant TaylorsSchool and Catharine Hall, Cambridge; M.A., 1717, and D.D., 1728 (incorporated at Oxford, 1728): favourite of George II on account of his knowledge of German; bishop of Lincoln, 1744, and of Salisbury, 1761-6.
  160. ^ John Thomas (1696–1781), successively bishop of Peterborough, Salisbury, and Winchester, 1761; educated at Charterhouse, London, and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1719; D.D., 1731; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1720; chaplain to George II, 1742; bishop of Peterborough, 1747-57, of Salisbury, 1757-61, of Winchester, 1761-81; preceptor to George, prince of Wales, 1752.
  161. ^ John Thomas (1712–1793). bishop of Rochester ; of Queen's College, Oxford; D.C.L., 1742; rector of Bletchingley, 1738: chaplain to Georee II and George III; dean of Westminster and of the order of the Bath, 1768; bishop of Rochester, 1774-93; author of sermons.
  162. ^ John Thomas (1813–1862), sculptor and architectural draughtsman; employed by Sir Charles Barry on the decorations of the Houses of Parliament; executed also several groups, figures, and vases.
  163. ^ John Thomas (1795–1871), musical composer; Welsh song-writer and schoolmaster; published Y Caniedydd Cymreig theCambrian Minstrel 1845, and poems.
  164. ^ John Thomas (1821–1892), independent minister ; brother of Owen Thomas; pastor of the Tabernacle, Liverpool, 1854; journalist, lecturer, and political speaker; visited the United States, 1865 and 1876; published miscellaneous works.
  165. ^ John Evan Thomas (1809–1873), sculptor.
  166. ^ John Fryer Thomas (1797–1877), secretary to the Madras government; chief secretary to the government of Madras, 1845; member of the governor's council, 1850; writer of very able minutes; authority on native education; supporter of the missionaries.
  167. ^ John Wesley Thomas (1798–1872), translator of Dante; Wesleyan minister; published translation of the Inferno 1859, Purgatorio 1862, and Paradise 1866.
  168. ^ Joshua Thomas (d. 1759?), clergyman; vicar of K rry, 1758; translated into Welsh Scott's Christian Life 1752.
  169. ^ Joshua Thomas (1719–1797), Welsh writer ; pubJiflied an important history of the baptists in Wales, 1778.
  170. ^ Lewis Thomas (ft. 1587–1619), preacher ; B.A. Bruacnoee College, Oxford, 1587; author of two volumes of sermons.
  171. ^ Matthew Evan Thomas (1788?–1830), architect.
  172. ^ Thomas Sm NOAH (1780–1792), physician : M.A., 174G, and M.D., 1753, St. John's College, Cambridge; F.R.S., 1757: F.R.C.P., 1757: Gulstonian lecturer, 1759; censor, 1761, I'M, 1767, and 1781: physician in ordinary to George III, 1775; knighted, 1775.
  173. ^ Owen Thomas (1812–1891), Calvinistio rnethodist minister: pastor at Newtown, Montgomeryshire, at Jewin Crescent, London, and Liverpool, and moderator of the general assembly: celebrated preacher and author of several works.
  174. ^ Richard Thomas (1777–1857), admiral ; entered the navy, 1790; was present at the reduction of Tobago, Martinique, and St. Lucia, 1792, and commanded a boat in the attack on Fort Royal; present at the battle of Cape St. Vincent, 1797; cominander-iu-chief in the Pacific, 1841-4; admiral, 1854.
  175. ^ Samuel Thomas (1627–1693), nonjuror : son of William Thomns (1593-1667), rector of Ubley; fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 1651, but deprived, 1660; M.A., 1651 (incorporated at Cambridge, 1653): prebendary of Wells, 1681, but refusing to take oaths at accession of William and Mary was deprived, 1691; author of controversial religious writings.
  176. ^ Sidney Gilohrist Thomas (1850–1885), metallurgist and inventor; educated at Dulwich College; became schoolmaster and was clerk at police-courts; studied metallurgy, and experimented: discovered method for eliminating phosphorus from pig-iron in the Bessemer converter, 1875, enabling phosphoric ores to be used: secured a large fortune by his patents; paid a triumphal visit to America, 1881; travelled abroad in search of health; died at Paris.
  177. ^ Thomas Thomas (1553–1588), printer and lexicographer; of Eton and King's College, Cambridge; fellow, 1574; M.A., 1579; first printer to Cambridge University, 1582; issued Ramus's Dialectics by (Sir) William Temple, 1684; his press seized by the StationersCompany, but his rights upheld by Lord Burghley, chancellor; author of a Latin dictionary, 1587 (14th ed. 1644).
  178. ^ Vaughan Thomas (1775–1858), antiquary; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A., 1800 B.D., 1809; vicar of Stoneleigh and other livings; author of The Italian Biography of Sir Robert Dudley, Knight 1861, and of other works.
  179. ^ William Thomas (d. 1554), Italian scholar and clerk of the council to Edward VI; a Welshman and probably educated at Oxford; lived abroad, chiefly in Italy; wrote there a defence of Henry VIII, 1552; wrote Principal Rvles of the Jtalian Grammer, with a Dictionarie (printed, 1550), the first published in England; returned to England, 1549: publishedThe Historic of Italic,* 1549; published Of the Vanitee of this World 1549; made clerk of the privy council, 1550: given a prebend in St. Paul's, London, and other rewards; member of the embassy sent to France, 1551; became political instructor to Edward VI and drew up discourses for his use; dedicated to him his translation of Barbaro's voyages to the east, 1551; lost all his preferments at accession of Queen Mary; took active part in Wyatt's conspiracy, 1553-4: arrested; attempted suicide; racked and accused of conspiring Mary's death, and executed.
  180. ^ William Thomas (1593–1667), ejected minister ; M.A. Braseuose College, Oxford, 1615; rector of Ubley, 1616; an earnest puritan; refused to read The Book of Sports 1633; was suspended, but restored; took the covenant 1 643; carried on a controversy with Thomas Speed, and wrote Rayliug Rebuked and other pamphlets: declined to conform to Act of Uniformity, and was ejected, 1662; author of several works, mostly theologicaL
  181. ^ William Thomas (1613–1689), bishop of St. David's and Worcester successively; educated at Carmarthen grammar school and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow of Jesus College, Oxford; M.A., 1635; vicar of Laugharne: ejected, 1644, restored, 1660; created D.D. Oxford, 1660: rector of Lampeter Velfrey, and chaplain to the Duke of York, 1601, whom he attended in his engagements with the Dutch: dean of Worcester, 1665; rector of Hampton Lovett, 1670; bishop of St. David's, 1677, where he identified himself thoroughly as a WrNliman with the interests of his diovsf: bishop of Worcester, 1683; known for his hospitality and charities; James IT; roftiwl to distribute among his Henry f ith of allegiance to Will. urn 111. in consequence, iG.s'J; author ot ti.iinj::iet and
  182. ^ William Thomas (1670-1738), antiquary; grandson of William Thomas (161S-1689), bishop of ....:-.,-.-. ado.r.-i..t vK !. -.:..-,:.0,1 Ml College, Cambridge; M.A., 1695; D.D., 1729: rector of "Ian, Worcester, 1723; edited DuiMa! quitiett of Warwickshire, 1730; uuthor works.
  183. ^ William Thomas (Jl. 178o-17t), architect.
  184. ^ William Thomas I-i.u VN) (1832–187, poet and methodist minister of Mynyiblblwyn; published Barddouiaeth giui lalwyn,* i.v,.Uaniadau Islwyu 1867, and other volumes of verse and sermons; acknowledged as the finest Welsh poet of the century.
  185. ^ Thompson smUKXJAMP (176S-1HU), born ut North S.  :!...;. r ml ft M "V... i urn il Uanrlgomt for InfniwaniiMSi in the cause of tiflc ,...
  186. ^ William Luson Thomas (1880–1900), of the Graphic and Dally Graphic; brother of George Housinan Thomas, with whom he worked as woodengraver in Paris; assistant to William James Linton; opened independently an engraving establishment: associate, 1864, and full member, 1876, of Institute of Painters in Water-colours; worked as engraver for 'Illustrated London News founded the Graphic weekly-newspaper, 1869; had much to do with introduction of photographic method of reproduction; founded Daily Graphic, the first daily illustrated paper, 1890.
  187. ^ Sir Edward Thomabon (1769–1849), manufacturer and inventor; took out numerous patents; completed series of sixty medals on bible subjects, 1880, presented to the European sovereigns; knighted, 1832.
  188. ^ George Thomason (d. 1666), collector of Commonwealth and civil war publications, and bookseller: published a trade catalogue, 1647; a collector of oriental works bought from him for Cambridge, 1648; implicated in the royalist plot, 1661; collected nearly 23,000 articles and transcripts of nearly one hundred manuscripts, 1641-1662, arranged chronologically in 1983 volumes (presented by George III to the British Museum, 1762).
  189. ^ James Thomason (1804 - 1863), lieutenant-governor; registrar and judge in the Bengal civil service; secretary to government, 1830: magistrate and collector of Azamgarh, 1832: held other official posts: lieutenant-governor of the North-Western Provinces, 1843-63; appointed governor of Madras on the day of his death.
  190. ^ Thomas Thomasson (1808–1876), manufacturer and political economist; cotton-spinner; chief promoter of anti-cornlaw agitation, which he aided greatly by subscriptions.
  191. ^ Matthew Thomlinson cr Tomlinson (1617-1681), soldier; colonel of horse in the new model army;, one of the officers presenting the remonstrance to parliament, 1647; took charge of Charles I, 1648, till execution, but refused to be his judge: followed Cromwell to Scotland, 1650; member of the council of state on expulsion. of the Long parliament; employed in Ireland; knighted, but suspected of disaffection by Henry Cromwell, 1G67; impeached by the parliamentary party, 1660; escaped of pnottl a MI M:. N.t!.,..m. r,,:.!, at Harvanl Uni lioyal Institution, London, 17W; published essays; di at AuteuiL died
  192. ^ Benjamin Thompson (1776?-1816), dramatist: translated Kotzebue's dramas; author of two original plays and other work.
  193. ^ Charles Thompson , baronet (1740?-1799). viceadmiral; entered the navy, 1766: commanded the Aldde in the action off the Chesapeake, 1781, and in that of 12 April, 17K2; took part in the capture of Martinique and Guadeloupe, 1793; vice-admiral, 1796; *wnaiMtad the Britannia ami second in command at battle of Cape St. Vincent, 1797; made a baronet, bat having eenenmt the execution of mutineers was removed by Lord St. Vincent, 1797. Ivi. 1U9J
  194. ^ Charles Thompson (1791–1843), brother of John Thompson (1786-1866)
  195. ^ Charles Thurstox Thompson (1816–1868), engraver and photographer; son of John Thompson (1786-1866)
  196. ^ Edward Thompson (1738?–1786), commodore and author; educated at Harrow; entered the navy after some sea-service, 1766, and took part in blockade of Brest and battle of Quiberon Bay, 1759; wrote the Mentriciad (1766?), and other Meretricious Miscellanies plan, and A Sailor's Letters 1767; promoted captain, 1772; took part in the relief of Gibraltar by Rodney; employed in settling Demerara and Essequibo, 1781; court-martialled for loss of Guiana colonies, 1782, but honourably acquitted; edited Andrew Marvell's works; wrote poems and seasongs.
  197. ^ George Thompson (1804–1878), anti-slavery advocate; delivered lectures; went to America and organised the movement there, 1834; denounced by President Jackson and was obliged to escape to England, 1835; supported parliamentary reform and Auti-Cornlaw League; an admirable speaker.
  198. ^ Gilbert Thompson (1728–1803), physician in the city; quaker; M.D. Edinburgh, 1768; published three works.
  199. ^ Sir Harry Stephen Thompson MP first baronet (1809-1874) agriculturist; graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in mathematical bonoun: studied entomology under Charles Darwin and agriculture abroad and in different parts of England: one of the founders of the Royal Agricultural Society. 18S8; carried out important though incomplete experiments; discovered punishment at the Restoration liSSm Railway Company; liberal.M.I lor Whitby, 1869-66: deputy-lieateuant of Yorkshire: created baronet, 1874: contributed papers on agru-nltun.1 topics to Tatt's Magasine HMO, and toJournal of the Royal Agricultural Society PH *"
  200. ^ Robert Thomlinson (1668–1748), benefactor of Newcastle-on-Tyne; of Queen's College and St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; M.A.. 1692 (incorporated at Cambridge, 171-J): D.D. King's College, Cambridge, 1719; viceprincipal, St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1692: rector of K"oFcovS told" jmrti: saccesefnl chairman, Whiokham, 1712, and prebendary of St Paul's London,
  201. ^ Henry Thompson (1797–1878), miscellaneous writer; M.A. St, John's College, Cambridge 1: vicar of Chard, 1853; author of religions works, editions of the Latin classics, and other books.
  202. ^ Henry Langhornk Thompson (18J9-18IT.6X ,, 1719; founded public library at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and other institutions. llvi. *W)
  203. ^ Thomond third MARQUIS OF (1769–1866), See O'Brien, James.
  204. ^ Eaklb of Thomond . See O'Biuitx, MURROUGU, first earl, d. 1661: O'JWIKX, OXIK, thinl curl. 1534V1681; O'BuiKN, DtiNouiai, fourth earl, d. 1624; O'BRIKX, BARNABAS, sixth earl, d. 1667.
  205. ^ soldier; educated at Eton; lieutenant, Bengal native infantry: fought and w:n wounded in second Burmese war 1852-3; distinguished hirndf ut Kars, 1855: honorary C.B.1856.
  206. ^ Jacob Thompson (1806–1879), landscape-painter ; was apprenticed to a house-painter, but became student at the lloyal Academy, 1829: exhibited pictures of high intrrwenaa, portraits, and classical and scriptural
  207. ^ James Thompson (1817–1877), journalist and local historian; contributed to his father's paper, The Leicester Chronicle: published A History of Leicester, from the timeof the Romans to the end of the Seventeenth Century 1849, A History of Leicester in the Eighteenth Century 1871, An Essay on English Municipal History 1867, and other works; F.R.H.S.
  208. ^ John Thompson, Thomson or Tonson (fl.–1382), Carmelite: B.D. Oxford; member of the council which pronounced judgment on Wycliffe's doctrines, 1382; his works not known to be extant.
  209. ^ Sir John Thompson, first Baron Heversham {1647-1710), nephew of George Thomson (fl. 1643-1668) q. v.; made baronet, 1673: M.P., Gatton, 1685-96; one of the earliest supporters of William III; created Baron Haversham, 1696: lord of the admiralty, 1699, but resigned, 1701, and joined the tories.
  210. ^ John Thompson (1776–1864), admiral; entered the navy, 1787; present in the action off Toulon, 1795; wrecked in the Tagus, 1796, when he was thanked for his services in saving life; distinguished himself in several expeditions; admiral, 1860.
  211. ^ John Thompson (1785–1866), wood-engraver; executed numerous book illustrations, the design for Mulready's envelope, 1852, and Britannia, still on Bank of England notes, 1839; his work much appreciated abroad, and his cuts in Fairfax's Tasso and Puckle's Club especially famous.
  212. ^ Sir John Sparrow David Thompson (1844–1894), premier of Canada: born at Halifax, Nova Scotia; began life as a lawyer and reporter in the assembly there; Q.O., 1879; premier of Nova Scotia, 1881, and judge of the supreme court of Nova Scotia, 1882; became minister of justice for Canada, 1885; K.C.M.G., 1888; premier of Canada, 1892; arbitrator on the Behring Sea fisheries question at Paris, 1893: died suddenly at Windsor after being sworn privy councillor.
  213. ^ John Vaughan Thompson (1779–1847), zoologist; present (as assistant surgeon) at taking of Demerara and Berbice, 1803; published zoological discoveries, and on return to England, 1809, was made F.L.S., 1810; investigated extinct birds during visit to Madagascar and Mauritius, 1812-16; district medical inspector at Cork, 1816, where he made his important discoveries on the feather-star, polyzoa, barraces, and Crustacea; went to Sydney as officer of health in charge of convict medical ilepartment, 1835; died at Sydney.
  214. ^ Sir Matthew William Thompson, baronet (1820-1891), railway director; M.A. Trinity College, Cainbridge, 1846; barrister, Inner Temple, 1847; became manager of his uncle's brewery at Bradford, 1857, and mayor, 1862; chairman of the Midland Railway Company, 1865, and of the Forth Bridge Company; baronet, 1890; M.P., Bradford, 1867.
  215. ^ Pishey Thompson (1784–1862), historian of Boston: published The History and Antiquities of Boston 1856.
  216. ^ Samuel Thompson (1766–1837), founder of the Freethinking Christians; began life as a watchmaker and wine merchant; turned seriously to religion and became a preacher; seceded with other* from the universalists, 1798, and founded the sect named The Church of God* or Freethinking Christians 1799; protested against religious marriage; conducted services at meeting nooses in Jewin Orescent, Ixndon, and High Holborn, London, and, after another schism at Clerkenwell expelled, 1834, but elected elder of anotherchurch of God author of religious books and articles.
  217. ^ Theophilus Thompson (1807–1860), physician ; tod-el at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and Edinburgh (M.D., 1830), and at Paris; physician to ICarlbozoagb Street Consumption Hospital, London, 1847; introduced cod-liver oil and other useful medicines; F.R.S., 1846; published medical works.
  218. ^ Thomas Thompson (1708?–1773), missionary aiiI apologist for the African slave trade; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge, 1735; fellow, 1738; vicar of Elehain, 1761; publishedThe African Trade for Negro Slaves consistent with... Humanity 1772.
  219. ^ Thomas Thompson (1817–1878). naturalist
  220. ^ Sir Thomas Boulden Thompson , first baronet (1766 ?-1828), vice-admiral: nephew of Edward Thompson ; served under Nelson at Teneriffe, 1797; was wounded at Santa Cruz; as captain of the Leander had great share in the victory of the Nile, but returning home was captured by the French; complimented at court-martial on his gallant defence; lost a leg at the battle of Copenhagen, 1801; created baronet, 1806; M.P., Rochester, 1807-18; vice-admiral, 1814; G.C.B., 1822.
  221. ^ Thomas Perronet Thompson (1783–1869), general and politician: B.A. QueensCollege, Cambridge, as seventli wrangler; entered the navy as midshipman, 1803; fellow of QueensCollege, Cambridge, 1804; entered the army, 1806; captured by the Spaniards at Buenos Ayres, 1807; governor of Sierra Leone, 1808; took part in the Peninsular war, and subsequently in several Indian expeditions, in one of which, at Soor, he was defeated by Arabs, 1820; on return home, 1822, published several articles, mostly on economic and political subjects, including the popularCatechism on the Corn Laws 1827; F.R.S., 1828; publishedGeometry without Axioms 1830 editor of the Westminster Review 1829; M.P. for Hull as a philosophic radical 1835-7, Bradford, 1847-52 and 1857-9; produced numerous articles on free trade; published Exercises, Political and others 1842,Catechism on the Currency 1848, and other works.
  222. ^ Sir William Thompson or Thomson (1678-1739), judge; barrister, Middle Temple, 1698; M.P., Orford, 1708-10, Ipswich, 1713 (unseated, 1714), and 1715-1729; recorder of London and knighted, 1715; solicitor-general, 1717, but dismissed, 1720; baron of the exchequer, 1729.
  223. ^ William Thompson (1712?–1766?), poet; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1739; fellow rector of Hampton Poyle; author of Sickness 1745, and other poems; imitated Spenser.
  224. ^ William Thompson (1730?–1800), portrait-painter and author.
  225. ^ William Thompson (1785?–1833), political economist; born in co. Cork, where he became an extensive landowner; made acquaintance of Bentham, and supported Robert Owen's system of co-operation; published Inquiry into Principles of Distribution of Wealth 1824, expounding principles of scientific socialism on theory of the injustice of unearned income and private property; published also an Appeal for sexual equality and other writings; bequeathed his property to trustees for promulgating principles of Robert Owen, but his will was disputed by his heirs-at-law, who ultimately obtained judgment in their favour.
  226. ^ William Thompson (1805–1852), naturalist; began life as a linen draper; travelled abroad and published valuable papers; author of the Natural History of Ireland published, 1849-56.
  227. ^ William Thompson (1811–1889), pugilist; known as Bendigo; defeated Benjamin Caunt, 1835, Leechman, Langan, Looney, Deaf Burke, and Tom Paddock, 1850; was beaten by Caunt, 1838, and again defeated him, 1845; the Australian city Bendigo said to be called after him; became a dissenting minister.
  228. ^ William Hepworth Thompson (1810–1886), master of Trinity College, Cambridge; educated at Trinity, where his tutor was George Peacock (1791-1858); B.A., 1832, with high classical and mathematical honours; obtained second chancellor's medal for classics; fellow, 1834, and tutor, 1844; M.A., 1835; regius professor of Greek, 1853-66; canon of Ely, 1853, his lectures and scholarship being highly appreciated; published splendid editions, with learned not.-* and masterly introductions, of I'lato's Ptiwdnu 1868, andGorgia-s1X71. an important dissertation on the Sophist 1867. and several nt JUT works; master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1866 UM: vi.x-.-lHin.vllor, 1867-*.. 218
  229. ^ William John Thoms (1808–1885), antiquary; clerk in the secretary office at Cbelsea Hospital: hvlnal by Francis Douce, published Early Prose Romances 18*7-8, and Lays and Legends(2 18*; aitiaj !.. OdffaiaV I8tl r..~.. latti mantary of the Camden Society, 1888-71; published "The Book of the Court, 1 1888, and other antiquarian work*, and an edition of Ileyuanl the Fox 1844; appointed clerk of the House of Lords, 1849: published Gurton'a Famous Historic., 1 1B46, and Gammer Gorton's Pleasant Stories 1846; started Notes and Queries 1849: appointed deputy-librarian of the House of Lord*, 1863, and published many other works of interest.
  230. ^ Alexander Thomson (1768–1803), poet: author of w h-st 1791, and other poems.
  231. ^ Alexander Thomson (1817–1875), architect; known as Greek Thomson; partner with John Baird of Glasgow, where he designed numerous buildings in the Greek style.
  232. ^ Allen Thomson (1809–1884), biologist: ton of John Thomson (1765-1846); educated at Edinburgh and Paris: visited the schools and museum* of Germany, Holland, and Italy. M.D. Edinburgh, 1830; lectured on physiology and on microscopic anatomy: professor of physiology at Edinburgh, 1842-8. amiof anatomy at Glasgow, 1848-77; F.K&, 1848: president of the British Association, 1876; hon. LL.I). Edinburgh. 1871, Glasgow, 1877; hon, D.C.L. Oxford. 1H32; the first of the great biologists of the century; anatomist rather than physiologist.
  233. ^ Andrew Mitchell Thomson (1779–1831), Scottish diviue: of Edinburgh University; minister of St. George's, Edinburgh, 1814; leader of the evangelical party in the Scottish church and reformer: attacked the British and Foreign Bible Society for binding up the Apocrypha with the Bible, 1827; published religious works.
  234. ^ Anthony Todd Thomson (1778–1849), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1799: practised in London, 1800: a founder of the Chelsea Dispensary, 1812, and one of the editors of The Medical Repository; appointed professor of materia medica and therapeutics at London University, 1828, and professor of medical jurisprudence, 1832: F.R.C.P., 1842; carried out valuable and original researches into the composition of alkaloid* and iodides, and extended botanical knowledge: author ofThe Conspectus Pharmacopoeise 1810, and other medical works. I LETT, I
  235. ^ Charles Edward Poulett Thomson Baron Sydenham (1799–1841), governor-general of Canada: brother of George Julius Poulett Scrope; after spending some years abroad in his father's commercial business, became M.P. for Dover, 1826: M.P., Manchester, I y from 1832; vice-president of the board of trade, 1830, president, 1834; carried out many reforms and measures; made governor-general of Canada, 1839, when he accomplished union of the different provinces; created Baron Sydenham, 1840.
  236. ^ Sir Charles Wyville Thomson (1830–1882), naturalist; educated at Edinburgh University; filled many professional appointment*, including tliat of professor of natural history at Edinburgh from 1870: organised sounding expedition- to tin- north of Scotland, 1868, and Mediterranean, 1870, and another through various parte of the world, 1872-6, and published account* of these expeditions in The Depths of the Sea 1873, andThe Voyage of the Challenger 1877 1869, and recipient of many academical and foreign distinctions; knighted, 1876.
  237. ^ David Thomson (d. 1815), musician ; brother of George Thomson (1757-18*1).
  238. ^ David Thomson (1817–1880), professor of natural philosophy at Aberdeen, 1845; was educated abroad, at
  239. ^ Sir Edward Deas Thomson politician; mad. clerk of the Wale*, 18)7; colonial mieUir and te B U council. New Sooth Wato*,lW7; leader of the house oowed~great with several
  240. ^ George Thomson (fl. 1643–1668), parliamentarian; with Sir William Waller in his western campaign, 1644; M.P. in Southwark. 1645-53 and 1659-6O, and commissioner of customs. 1652, and later of army and navy; dismissed, 1653: becamd Fifth-monarchy man; intrigued against the Restoration.
  241. ^ Gboroe Thomson (. 1648–1679), medical writer; served under Prince Maurice in the civil war: M.D. Leyden, 1648; published Loimologia 1665 (on the Galeuo-pale 1665,AUMTUKTIC 1670 (against lettlngX nd other works, which excited violent ..
  242. ^ George Thomson (1782?-1888), tutor in Sir Walter Scott's household, c. 18 11-20, and supposed original of Dominie Sampson: an expert fencer and bold rider, notwithstanding the loss of a leg, but very eccentric; became tutor to sons of Mrs. Dennlstoun of Cdgrain, 1820. Ivi. 2411
  243. ^ George Thomson (1 757–1851 X collector of SoottMl nri-i.-:.-lerk to the Board of Trustees for the Encouragement of Scottish Manufactures: published collections of Scottish, Welsh, aixl Irish airs, for which Haydn, Beethoven, and others provided accompaniment*, and Burus, Scott, Byron, and other poet* new words.
  244. ^ George Thomson (1799–1888), lieotenant-colonel. Bengal engineers: joined Bengal sappers, 1818: assisted in capture of Arakan, 1825, and was mentioned in despatches; appointed executive engineer. 1825: chief engineer of the army in vailing Afghanistan. 1888; bridged the Indus at Rohri in eleven days; rendered valuable services in march to Candalmr and Kabul under Sir John Keane; successfully stormed Gbarni, 1889; received thanks of the government and made brevet-major and C.B., 1839; retired from the service, 1841, in consequence of a dispute; lieuteuantrcolooel, 1854.
  245. ^ Henry Thomson (1773–1843), painter: R.A, 1802: painted mythological and domestic subject* and portrait*, and designed illustrations for Sharpe's Poets * 1825. 244 and other works; keeper of the Royal Academy resigning from illncs* after two years. Ivi.
  246. ^ Henry William Thomson (BYERLEY)(1822–1867), jurist; son of Anthony Todd Thomson q.v.: of University College, London, and Jesus College, Cambridge (B.A.,1848); barrister. Inner Temple. 1M9; puisne judge of the supreme court of Colombo; published Institutes of the Laws of Ceylon 166, and other works, f*. ***)
  247. ^ Thomson J AM KS( 1700-1 748), poet: bornatEdnnm: son of a Scottish minister: educated at Sontbdean parts* pobool, Jedburgh, and Kdinburgh University: stodiwl tl Knglish poets and wrote vcre in the Edinburgh Miscellany 1720; went to London. 1725, and became tutor to Thomas Hamilton (afterwards seventh Barl of Haddingi ton) at Barnet: introduced to Arbnthnot, Gay, Pope, and others; published* Winter 1726,Summer 1727 Spring 1728,Autumn 1730 (the last first appearing iuThe Seasons 1730), and minor poems: produced Sopbonisba * at Drury Lane, London, 1780: became tutor to Chartc* Richard Talbot and travelled abroad: given by Talbot * father, the chancellor, secretaryship of briefs, 1788, which, however, he lost. 1737: residel at Richmond: publUbrf Liberty 1784-6, andAgamemnon a play, 1788; through Lyttelton obtained pension from Frederick, prince of Wales, 1788: wrote Rule Britannia appearing first in The Masque of Alfred 1740: spent several year* in revisingThe Seasons made surveyor-general of the Leeward Wands by Lyttelton, 1744; produced Tancred and Sigismunda 1752, patronised by Pitt and Lyttdton, and in which Oarrlck played Tancred; proda5rt'TheOMtlofludoknce: an allegorical buried in Richmond Church; his Coriolanus pro- ! Keith Johnston the younger to Central Africa, daOBd 1749 "d his Works * by Lyttcltou, 1750, in which 1K78-8U, becoming leader n iU-atli of.Johnston, 1879; led many alterations* were made in" the text. The Seasons tirst challenged the artificiality of English poetry, and inaugurated a new era by their sentiment for nature. The poems were translated into many tepgUWW, an. I made a great impression in France.
  248. ^ James Thomson (1786–1849), mathematician; M A. Glasgow, 1812; appointed professor of mathematics at the Academical Institution, Belfast, 1815: hon. LL.D. Glasgow, 18: professor of mathematics, Glasgow University, 1832-49; author of mathematical school-books.
  249. ^ James Thomson (1788–1850), engraver; engraved many portraits.
  250. ^ James Thomson (1768–1855), co-editor of the Encyclopaedia Britannica third edition, with George Gleig; hon. D.D. St. Andrews, 1842; wrote several articles, including those on Scripture," Septuagint and * Superstition in the * Encyclopaedia Britannica; minister of Eccles, 1805-47.
  251. ^ James Thomson (1834–1882), poet and pessimist ;
  252. ^ Joseph Thomson, explorer; expedition for opening up of route between the east coast and northern shore of Victoria Nyanza, 1882-3, traversing country of the dreaded Masai, visiting the lake, and reaching Rabai; presented with gold medal of Royal Geographical Society, 1885; led expedition for the National African Company to Sekoto, and made valuable treaties, 1885; explored the Atlas mountains in Morocco, 1888; led another expedition for the South African ( pany, 1890-1, his explorations beginning at Qiilimaiie and ending at Kwa Chepo, in which his health was permanently injured; made most extensive additions to the geological map of Africa and valuable contributions to zoology and botany; author of To the Central Air. can Lakes and Back 1881,Through Masai Land 1885, Travels in the Atlas and Southern Morocco," 1889, and other works, besides numerous contributions to periodicals.
  253. ^ Katharine Thomson (1797–1862), miscellaneous writer; nee Byerley; married Anthony Todd Thomson , 1820; published works of anecdotal biography and historical novels.
  254. ^ James Thomson (1834-1882), poet; Bradlaugh; discharged for breach of discipline, 1862; wrote for theNational Reformer and took active part in propaganda of free thought; lived a sad and isolated life ill London, aggravated by poverty, dipsomania, and depression; chief works, The City of Dreadful Night(contributed to the National Reformer 1874, first published, 1880), and Vane's Story, Weddah and Om-el-Bonain, and other Poems 1881.
  255. ^ James Thomson (1800–1883), architect ; designed Cumberland Terrace and Place, Regent's Park, and other buildings in London and the provinces.
  256. ^ James Thomson (1822–1892), professor of engineering; son of James Thomson (1786-1849) and brother of Lord Kelvin; professor of civil engineering in Queen's College, Belfast, 1857-73, and at Glasgow, 18731889; invented the Vortex Water-wheel 1850, and other appliances; contributed numerous scientific papers to th-a Proceedings of the Royal Society and other publications; hon. LL.D. Glasgow, 1870, and Dublin, 1878; i authority on sanitation; F.R.S., 1854; F.R.C.P., 18G4; F.R.S., 1877. Ivi. 2571 author of works relating to medical and other science. Ivi 268 1587), Clare Hall, Cambridge; incorporated at Oxford, 1596; one of the translators of the Old Testament; published religious and controversial works.
  257. ^ Richard Thomson (fl. 1613), biblical scholar and became army schoolmaster and made friends with Charles I divine; called Dutch Thomson M.A., 1691 (fellow,
  258. ^ Richard Thomson (1794–1865), antiquary; seed-merchant; joint-librarian of the London Institution, 1834, the catalogue being largely his work: arranged antiquities found in the Royal Exchange excavations; published Account of Processions and Ceremonies observed in the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England 1820, and other works.
  259. ^ Robert Dundas Thomson (1810–1864), medical officer of health and author: son of James Thomson (1768-1855); studied at Glasgow and Giessen under Liebig: M.D. Glasgow, 1831; turned his attention to investigation of constituents of food; assisted his uncle, Thomas Thomson (1773-1852) at Glasgow: chemical lecturer, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, 1852: medical of health for Maryleboue, London, 1856, and
  260. ^ James Bruce Thomson (1810–1873), pioneer of criminology; educated at Glasgow University; surgeon i to Perth prison, 1858; published papers in theJournal; of Mental Science; first medical writer to investigate relations of crime to disease.
  261. ^ John Thomson (1778–1840), landscape-painter; succeeded his father as minister of Dailly, 1799, and was given living of Duddiugston, 1805; became the greatest Scottish landscape-painter of the time.
  262. ^ Robert William Thomson (1822–1873), engineer; was sent to America to be a merchant, but returning took np engineering; encouraged by Faraday and employed by Robert Stephenson; took out a patent for iudiarubber tyres, 1845, and one for afountain pen 1849, and others connected with motive power: devised new machinery for manufacturing sugar in Java, 1852; the first portable steam-crane, hydraulic docks, 1860, and his traction engine, 1867.
  263. ^ Thomas Thomson (1768–1852), jurist and legal
  264. ^ John Thomson (1805–1841), musical writer: son ""lJ?** Ediubur S h 1839 - 41:composer of operas I WatSt closest wSsTcSferiStadthrU articles Livi. buj tne t Edinburgh Review and occasionally acted as editor; deputy clerk- register of Scotland, 1806; removed, 1839, on account of his carelessness in expenditure; succeeded Scott as president of the Bannatyne Club, 1832; rendered and other works.
  265. ^ John Thomson (1765–1846), physician and surgeon; studied at Glasgow and Edinburgh; became house surgeon at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, 1791; president of the Medical Society, 1791; professor of surgery at the College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, 1805; and of military surgery at Edinburgh University, 1806; M.D. Aberdeen, 1808; lectured on various subjects; visited European medical schools; professor of general pathology, Edinburgh, 1832-41; reputed the most learned physician in Scotland; author of The Elements of Chemistry and Natural History 1798, and some medical works.
  266. ^ John Cockburn Thomson (1834–1860), Sanskrit scholar; brother of Henry William Thomson; of Trinity College and St. Mary Hall, Oxford: B.A. St. Mary Hall, 1867; published u translation of The Bhagavad-Gita 1866, and other works.
  267. ^ Joseph Thomson (1868–1894), African explorer; showed early great interest in and talent for geology, and -ontntjutcd papers on formations in his father's quarry ut the public records accessible, and published several works with that object, involving immense labour.
  268. ^ Thomas Thomson (1773–1852), chemist ; M.D. Edinburgh, 1799; contributed articles to the Encyclopaedia Britannica and published his System of Chemistry 1802; opened chemical laboratory for instruction, said to be first in England; invented Allan'sSaccharometer; F.R.S., 1811; visited Sweden, 1812, and published account of his travels; lecturer in chemistry, 1817, and regius professor at Glasgow University; supported Daiton's atomic theory; published An Attempt to establish the First Principles of Chemistry by Experiment 1825, and other scientific works.
  269. ^ Thomas Thomson (1817–1878), naturalist : son of Thomas Thomson (1773-1852); showed early remarkable scientific ability; M.D. Glasgow, l.s:;y; appointed curator of the Asiatic Society's museum at GaUdawbridge; medallist for geology and natural history Calcutta, 1840, but sent to Afghanistan * and was taken at idinburgh, 1877; geologist to expedition of Alexander prisoner at Ghuzuee, 1842, escaping however by bribing his captor; served through the Sutlej campaign: held several botanical appointment* at Calcutta: I 1855; published Flora Indica 1855, and other work*. ...
  270. ^ Thom Thomson NU'IKK (1798–1869), hltoriim.tn.l biographer: of Glasgow University: minister to the Scottish church at Mu 1831: returned to England, 1835: contributed to the Pictorial History oflngland 1838, and other works: edited Chambers'sBiographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen publishul, *w n.
  271. ^ William Thomson (1746–1817), mleneHaiMBPl r: was educated at St. Andrews and Edinburgn Universities; became librarian to the eighth Earl of Kiimoull [q. v.], and minister, but was obliged by the complaints of his parishioners to resign; infctTcrt in London, i:;-,.u,i,IM Mok man Ma*..n 1778, and didmach literary t.
  272. ^ William Thomson (1805–1851), phjrician ; ton of John Thomson (1765-1846), and half-brother of Allen Thomson: M.D. Marischal College, Aber: filled MTeral port* M physician and lecturer and Glasgow; published medical works.
  273. ^ William Thomson (1819–1890), archbishop of York; educated at Shrewsbury; scholar and fellow (1840) of Queen's College, Oxford; M.A., 1844: published Outlines of the Laws of Thought 1841, which brought him early reputation; wan ordained, but returned to Queen's College as tutor: Bampton lecturer, 1853: a zealous supporter of university reform; provost of Queen's College, Oxford. 1855: preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 18&8: chaplain to Queen Victoria, 1889: severed himself from the writers ofEssays and Reviews and replied by 4 Aids to Faith 1881; contributed Introduction to the Synoptical Gospels * to the * Speaker's Commentary: Appointed bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, 1861, and archbishop of York, 1861; showed a keen interest in social, economic, and political questions; gained especially the confidence of working men, and greatly strengthened position of the northern church; in the reeonstltution of the ecclesiastical court of appeal supported the judicial rights of the bishops: introduced Dilapidations Act, 1871: joined Archbishop Tait in bill for regulation of public worship, 1874: conducted his own case in the matter of Tristram's election, 1887, and successfully challenged the court's jurisdiction; proceeded against Voysey for heresy, 1869, but always supported toleration.
  274. ^ Grant Thorburn (1773–1863), original of Galt's Lawrie Todd and author; nail-innker at Dalkeith; emigrated to New York, 1794, where, after several vicissitudes, be became a successful seed-merchant: published Forty YearsResidence in America; or the Doctrine of a particular Providence exemplified in the Life of Grant Thorburu 1834, and other works.
  275. ^ Robert Thorburn (1818–1886), miniature-painter; patronised by fashionable society: painted miniatures of Queen Victoria; A.R.A., 1848.
  276. ^ John Thoresby (d. 1373), archbishop of York and chancellor; entered the service of William de Melton; sent on several missions to Rome: became notary in chancery and king's clerk; obtained numerous ecclesiastical preferments: appointed master of the rolls, 1341; temporary keeper of the great seal, 1843; keeper of the privy seal, 1345: commissioner to treat with France, 1346; attended Edward III at Calais, and made bishop of St David's, 1347, and of Worcester, 1349: chancellor, 1349-66: appointed archbishop of York, 1361; guardian of the kingdom, 1365; commissioner to treat with the Scott, 1367; settled dispute between Canterbury and York, the arrangement being that each primate should be allowed to bear lus cross erect in the other's province: built the lady-chapel in the minster and commenced the choir.
  277. ^ TRalph Thoresby (1658–1715), antiquary and topographer; belonged to the same family as John Thoresby, the archbishop: educated at Leeds, and brought up to trade, but turned his attention to antiquarian research: indicted umler the Conventicle Act, 1683; F.R.S., 1697: imprisoned for d.-bt, 1698; conformed to the church of England, 1699; published theDncatus Leodiensis 1715, and Vicaria Leodiensis 1724; collected of rarities the I quary to pnbliah Important work, his not scholarly nor accurate, being a i MLioa
  278. ^ John Thorie or Thorius ( *. IMt-lMtX), translator from the Spanish; ban b,MM.IM: nototfi:.. !* Mm* ***m*i**m(im) of hi. friend Gabrid Harvey M. J
  279. ^ Thoritt 8. RAPHAEL (4. 1615). physician : studied 1 and Lcyden ( MJ.); practised in London: wrote Hymnus Tabaci 1610, Hyems 1616. and other
  280. ^ Sir Nathaniel Thorn (d. 1857%
  281. ^ Iimhi . tool j..i.-t VIA ti:,- Mh ta 1-1 I: K.I!. I-.:-; MtaM.,f t 1854; K.C.B., 1857.
  282. ^ William Thorn (A 1397).
  283. ^ Sir William Thorn (1781–1843), soldier and military historian; joined the 19th light dragoons, 17M: served in the Maratha war, 1803-6, especially distinguishing himself at battle of Laswari, where be wa* wounded; took part in the capture of Mauritius, lulu, and in conquest of Java, 1811; thanked In orders for his services: promoted brevet-major and deputy quarter-master general of the forces in Java: took part hi the capture of Palembang, 1811; wrote two books of military memoirs.
  284. ^ John Thornborough (1851–1641), bishop of Worcester: M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1676, B.A., 1682; chaplain to Earl of Pembroke and Queen received many preferments: dean of York, 1689; of Limerick, 1593-1603, of Bristol, 1603-17, of Worcester 1617-41; showed himself zealous against recusants and in raising forced loans; author of writings supporting the union with Scotland and of other works.
  285. ^ Sir Edward Thornbrough (1764–1814), admiral; went to sea with his father, 1761: wounded on tho North American station, 1775: wrecked while commanding the Blonde, near Seal island, 1781: joined the Latona, 1791, and was publicly oommn*1*1 for detaining French squadron, 1793; assisted the Belleropbon in the battle, 1 June 1794; took part in capture of French squadron off Tory Maul. 1798; held various commands: admiral. 1813: 1816; vice-admiral of the United Kingdom, 1833: had few rivals as a practical seaman.
  286. ^ George Waltfr Thornbtjry (1818–1876). miscellaneous writer; contributed articles to Farley's Bristol Journal and published poems at the age of teventeen: joined staff of the Atbewrum and was aaaodated with Dickens in Household Words andAll the Year Round contributed article* on art and miscellaneous paper* to the magazines; wrote Life of J. M. W. Turner under Ruskiu's observation, 1861, novel*, and other work*.
  287. ^ Herbert Thorndike (1598–1671), Anglican divine; A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 16SO, major fellow; studied theology, orienta languages and rabbinical literature; made prebendary of Lincoln, 1636: Hebrew lecturer at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1640. and senior bursar; published Of the Government of Churches and Of Religion* A**emblk 1641; deprived of his living during the civil war and of his work at Cambridge: contributed the Syriac portion to Walton's Polyglott and wrote hisEpilogue 1659. advocating return to the primitive catholic church, and other treatises; prebendary of Westminster, 1661; took part in the Savoy conference, 1661, and in the revision of the prayer-book.
  288. ^ James Thorne (1796–1871), Bible; preached through various part* of Devonshire with remarkable success; noted for his earnest el and ready wit; editor of the Bible Chriatian Magaxlnc UN,,
  289. ^ James Thorne (1815–1881 antiquary; contributed article, on antiquarian and topographical subjects to various periodicals, including Rambles by River* * in "The Land we live In publishedHandbook to the Environs of London 1876.
  290. ^ John Thorne (d. 1573), musical composer and poet; probably connected with York Minster, where he is burial: skilled also in logic.
  291. ^ Sir Richard Thorne Thorne - (1841–1899), physician: studied at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Lrndon: M.K.r.S., 1S63: L.H.C.P., 15; M.B. London, 1866; physician to Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, City Road, London, 1868: inspector in medical department of privy council, 1871; principal medical officer to local government board, 1892; F.R.C.P., 1876; his Milroy leetores on diphtheria published, 1891: permanent lecturer on public health at St. Bartholomew's, London, 1891; F.R.S., 1890; crown nominee ou general medical council, 1895; K.C.B., 1897.
  292. ^ Robert Thorne (. 1527), merchant and geographical writer; perhaps a commissioner for the office of admiral of England in Bristol, 1510; carried on business at Seville; wrote to Henry VIII, 1527, exhorting him to take in hand expeditions to the Indies by the north-east, and sending a map; fourteen hundred ducats contributed by his firm to Sebastian Cabot's voyage, 1526.
  293. ^ William Thorne (fl. 1397), historian ; monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury; visited Rome, 1387, and wrote detailed account of the corruption there; wrote a history of monks of St. Augustine's (printed by Twysden in Decem Scriptores 1652).
  294. ^ William Thorne (1568?–1630), orientalist and Hebrew scholar; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1587; M.A., 1593; D.D., 1602; regius professor of Hebrew, 1598-1604; appointed dean of Chichester, 1601.
  295. ^ Sir James Thornhill (1675–1734), painter; studied under Thomas Highmore; travelled abroad; employel by Queen Anne on important works at Hampton Court, Greenwich, and Windsor; designed paintings for the dome of St. Paul's, London; decorated Greenwich Hospital and many country houses; copied Raphael's cartoons at Hampton Court; painted portraits of Sir Isaac Newton, Stccle, Bentley, and others; founded an unsuccessful academy; became sergeant-painter to George I, and was knighted, 1720; repurchased the old family seat at Thoruhill, in Dorset; M.P., Melcombe Regis, 1722-34.
  296. ^ William Thornhill (ft. 1737–1756), surgeon; nephew of Sir James Thornhill; surgeon to the Bristol Infirmary, 1737-55; one of the earliest English surgeons to practise suprapnbic lithotomy.
  297. ^ Bonnell Thornton (1724–1768), miscellaneous writer and wit; scholar of Westminster and contemporary of William Cowper; M.A., 1760, and M.B., 1754, Christ Church, Oxford; contributed to periodicals; one of the Nonsense Club which opened the Exhibition by the Society of. Sign-painters in ridicule of the Society of Arts, 1754; published, with Colman,The Connoisseur 1754; became, with Colman, proprietor ofSt. James's Chronicle; published a burlesque Ode on St. Ctecilia's Day 1763, andBattle of the Wigs: an additional Canto to Dr. Garth's... Dispensary 1767: his translation of a few of the comedies of Plautus much praised by Sou they; diverted Dr. Johnson by his witty sallies.
  298. ^ Thornton Siu ED WARD (1766–1852), diplomatist; brother of Thomas Thornton (d. 1814); educated at Christ's Hospital, London; third wrangler, 1789, and M.A. and fellow, Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1798; filled various diplomatic posts; negotiated treaties of alliance with Sweden and Russia, 1811; minister of Portugal, 1817; O.C.B., 1822.
  299. ^ Edward Thornton (1799–1875), author of a History of the British Empire in India 1841-5, and other works on India; in the East India House, 1814-57, and head of the maritime department from 1847.
  300. ^ Edward Parry Thornton (1811–1893), Indian civilian; grandson of Samuel Thornton; commissioner at Rawul Pindi, 1849; distinguished himself by arresting Nadir Khan, 1852, on which occasion he was wounded, and in the mutiny by suppressing revolt of the Haearah tribes, 1857; judicial commissioner for the Punjaub and C.B., 1860; published a work on the Thugs,
  301. ^ Gilbert Dk Thornton (rf. 1296), judge; king's advocate; sent to Ireland on Edward I's service, 1284; chief -justice of the king's bench, 1290; summoned to parliament, 1295; compiled compendium of Henry de Bracton's work.
  302. ^ Henry Thornton (1760–1815), philanthropist and economist; son of John Thornton (1720-1790); banker; M.P., Southwurk, 17K2-1815; independent politician; voted for reform and catholic emancipation; n high authority on finance; supported Pitt's measures; member of the bullion committee, 1811; governor of the Bank of England; publishedEnquiry into the Nature and Effect* of the Paper Credit of Great Britain 1SU2; influential member of the Clapham Sect; connected with Wilbcrforce, who resided with him; organised the Sierra Leone colony; first treasurer of the Society for Missions (afterwards the Church Missionary Society) and of the British and Foreign Bible Society; spent immense sums on charity; author of family prayers and some other works.
  303. ^ John Thornton (1720–1790), supporter of the first generation ofEvangelicals spent large sums in circulating bibles and purchasing advowsons; assisted John Newton and Cowper.
  304. ^ John Thornton (1783–1861), commissioner of inland revenue and author; son of Samuel Thornton
  305. ^ Robert Thornton (fl. 1440), transcriber of the Thornton Romances
  306. ^ Robert John Thornton (1768?–1837), botanical and medical writer; son of Bonnell Thornton : M.B. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1793; studied at Guy's Hospital, London; travelled abroad and began to practise in London, 1797; wrote New Illustration of the Sexual System of Linnaeus a great work, 1797-1807, and other botanical works, including The British Flora 1812, for which he organised an unsuccessful lottery, and numerous medical and other works.
  307. ^ Samuel Thornton (1755–1838), director of the Bank of England, 1780-1833; son of John Thornton E-1790), and brother of Henry Thornton .: tory M.P. for Kingston-upon-Hull, 1784-1806, y, 1807-12 and 1813-18; spoke on commercial questions, and defended interests of the Bank of England; governor of Greenwich and president of Guy's Hospital, London.
  308. ^ Thomas Thornton (d. 1814), writer on Turkey ; brother of Sir Edward Thornton: was engaged in trade and visited Constantinople; published The Present State of Turkey 1807.
  309. ^ Thomas Thornton (1757–1823), sportsman ; revived falconry and made a sporting tour in the highlands, 1786, publishing an account, 1804: visited France and saw Napoleon, 1802; published A Sporting Tour in. France 1806; died at Paris.
  310. ^ Thomas Thornton (1786–1866), journalist ; employed in the custom-house; published works concerning East Indian trade; joined staff of The Times 1825; wrote Notes of Oases in the Ecclesiastical and Maritime. Courts 1850, reports of parliamentary debates, and other works.
  311. ^ Sir William Thornton (1779?–1840), lieutenant-general; joined the 89th foot, 1796: aide-de-camp to Sir James Henry Craig at Naples and Messina, 1805-6; went to Canada as his military secretary, 1807: commanded the 85th at siege of St. Sebastian and subsequent operations, and was promoted brevet-colonel; commanded a brigade and defeated the Americans at Bladensburg, but being severely wounded became prisoner of war, 1814; distinguished himself and was wounded in attack on New Orleans; K.O.B., 1836; lieutenant-general, 1838; colonel of the 86th, 1839; committed suicide.
  312. ^ William Thomas Thornton (1813–1880), author; son of Thomas Thornton (d. 1814); secretary for public works to the India office, 1858; O.R, 1873; able adherent and intimate friend of Mill; author ofOver-population and its Remedy 1845 (advocating subdivision of laud and deprecating state interference), A Plea for Peasant Proprietors 1848, On Labour 1869, and other works. Ivi. 310}
  313. ^ Mary Thornycroft (1814–1895), sculptor; daughter of John Francis, sculptor; married Thomas Thornycroft, 1840.
  314. ^ John Thornycroft (1815–1885), sculptor, todled under.iiihn l:;MI): executed tp of Commerce on the AH. taton.
  315. ^ Anthony Wilson Thorold (1814–1895), bishop rfWtachestsr; M.A.. 1850,..i umbeut successively of St. ids, Curton Chapel, and St. Pancnu, London; bihop of Rochester, 1874-90, of Winchester, 1890-5: author of devotional works.
  316. ^ Thomas Thorold (1600–1664.) See Carwell.
  317. ^ Robert Thoroton (1623–1678), antiquary, JP at the Restoration: enforced stringently the conventicle laws; published Antiquities of Nottinghamshire 1677.
  318. ^ Thomas Thoroton (1718–1784). politician : political agent of the Duke of Ittitl.u Iioroogh1757, Newark, 1761; corresponded with John Manners, marquis of Qranby; secretary to the board of ordnance, 1763.
  319. ^ Charles Thorp (1788–1862), first warden of Durham University; son of Robert Thorp, archdeacon of Durham; M.A., 1806, and DJX, 1885, University College, Oxford; fellow, 1808; rector of Ryton; supporter of savings banks: archdeacon of Durham, 1831; first appointed warden of Durham University, 1833.
  320. ^ Robert Thorp (1736–1812), archdeacon of Durham; senior wrangler, Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1758; MJL, 1761; author of Excerpto qtuedam e Newtoni Principiis 1 765, and other works.
  321. ^ Benjamin Thorpe (1782–1870), Anglo-Saxon scholar; studied at Copenhagen under Rank, and publi-hc.l lUsk's Anglo-Saxon Grammarin English 1880* edited and translated Ctedmon's Metrical Paraphrase of ... the Scriptures 1832; published Ancient Laws and Institutes of England 1840; an edition ofFlorence of Worcester 1848-9, Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf 1855. 'The Anglo-Saxon Chroniclefor the Rolls Series, 1861, Diploinatarium Anglicum Evi Saxonlci 1885, and other works; granted a pension of 160*., 1835, raised later to 200.
  322. ^ Francis Thorpe (1595–1665), judge; B.A. St John's College, Cambridge, 1613: barrister, 1621, and bencher of Gray's Inn, 1632; recorder of Beverley, 1623, of Hull, 1639; made public speech at reception of Charles I there, 1639; witness at Strafford's trial, 1641; colonel in the parliamentary army and recruiter to the Long parliament: judge for the northern circuit, 1649; delivered a 'charge at York justifying Charles I's execution: judge for the western circuit, 1652: M.P., Beverley, 1654-5, and the West Riding, 1656-8; refused to try the northern insurgents, 1655; was excluded from parliament, 1656; pardoned at the Restoration.
  323. ^ John de Thorpe or Thorp, Baron Thorpe (d. 1324), judge; summoned among the magnates to join expedition to Gascony, 1293: knight of the shire for Norfolk, 1305; attended Edward I I's first parliament; received special summons as baron, 1309; justice itinerant and sheriff of Norfolk.
  324. ^ John Thorpe ( fl. 1570–1610), architect and surveyor; built probably, or had a share in building, Kirby Hall, Nortliamptonshire, Longford Castle, Wiltshire, and Holland House, Kensington (first design), Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, and Audley End, Essex; others ascribed to him without sufficient authority: left a folio of plans mostly drawings from finished buildings; wrongly confused with John of Padua see PADUA, JOHN OF.
  325. ^ John Thorpe (1682–1750), antiquary ; M.A., 1704 : M.D., 1710, University College, Oxford; P.RJS., 1705; assisted Sir Hans Sloane in Philosophical Transactions; practised at Rochester and studied antiquities :md history of Kent; his collections, Registrum Roffcnse published by his son, 1769.
  326. ^ John Thorpe (1715–1792), antiquary; son of John Thorpe (1682-1760); M.A. University College, Oxford, 1738; published Custumale Roffense 1788.
  327. ^ Robert De Thorpe (fl. 1290), judge : justice of the common pleas, 1289. Ivi. 3211
  328. ^ Thorpe ,. r THORP. ROBERT DE (1294?-1330). ueraut; son of John do Thorpe, baron Thorpe W- v -l 1871.
  329. ^ Thomas Thorpe (d. 1461 eg**.,-; u Prt ssrm to nasa s tbemobatHsringay.;,.
  330. ^ Thomas Thorpe (l*70?-168rX PobUsber of Shakespeare'sSonnets stationer's assistant; there then no author's copyright, procured and pubarlowe's translation of toe First Book of Luoan 1600, several plays by Chapman and Ben Jouson, and Shakespeare's Bonnets 1C09, obtained for him probably by W H; brought out also other wortaTlb clii.ling the writings of John Healey, prefaced by him with obsequious and fantastic dilueen to Healey's patrons. Ivimi
  331. ^ Thorpe or THORP, SIR WILLIAM DB (Jt. 184–1352), chief-justice of tlie king's bench, 1846: nenttnccd to imprisonment and forfeiture for bribery, 1850; second baron of the exchequer, 1352.
  332. ^ William Thorpe (d. 1407? Wycliffite: educated at Oxford: tried for heresy by Thomas A rondel; said to liave been burnt at Saltwood; author of The Examination of William Thorpe and A Short Testament to his Faith
  333. ^ Mbs Thrale . (1741–1821). See PIOZZI, HESTER LYNCH
  334. ^ Caleij Threlkeld (1676–1728), botanist; MJk. Glasgow, 1698; M.D. Edinburgh, 1713; lived at Dublin; published Synopsis SUrpium Hiberuieannn:
  335. ^ Edward Thrjho (1821-1 887X schoolmaster : educated at Ilmiuster, Eton, and King's College, Cambridge: Person prizeman, 1844. and fellow; appointed head-master of Uppingham, 1853; advanced the school to u foremost position; wrote several books on English grammar, to which he attached great importance, making it serve as a basis for what be called sentence anatomy and wrote on education, including "The Theory and Practice of Teaching 1883, and Miscellaneous Addresses 1*87, characterised by a deep sense of the moral purport* in education: founder of the HeadmastersConference, 1889; established the first public school mission to the London poor; author of sermons, poems, and other works.
  336. ^ Francis Throckmorton (1651–1684), conspirator; nephew of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton; matriculate! at Hart Hull, (xfonl, 1572; student of the Inner Temple: a zealous catholic; engaged in plots abroad ag:iint tlit- Kiurlish government; arrested in England while organising communications between Mary Queen of Scot* and Mendoza and Thomas Morgan (15481606 ?) in 1'nris. incriminating documents beinfr found at his house, 1583: confessed under torture to furthering Guise's designs upon England; executed at Tyburn.
  337. ^ Job Throckmorton (1548–1601), puritan controversialist; first cousin of Francis Throckmorton ; B.A. Oxford: M.I 1.. Eo*t Ht-tfonl, 1672-83. Warwick, 1586-7: assisted John Penry fq. T. In his gn against the bishops, 1588, part of the Mar-prebeing secretly printed at his bouse; Indicted for association with rehgious malcontent*, 1590, but acquitted; defended himself from the charge of complicity, and publishedDefence of Throckmorton 1594.
  338. ^ Throckmorton or THROGMORTON, Sm JOHN (. 1445), under-treasurer of England; ancestor of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton; knight of the shire for Worcestershire, 1414. 1420, 1422, and 1432; J P.: served I of Warwick in various capacities: chamberlain of the exchequer and undcr-treasurer of England, 1440.
  339. ^ Michakl Throckmorton (d. 1558), secretary of 'irdinal Pole at Koine; uncle of Sir Nicholas Throckniorton
  340. ^ Sir Nicholas Throckmorton (1515–1571), diplomatist: joined household of Catherine Parr, his relative, 1543: became a sturdy protestant; M.P., Maiden, 1546, sitting i" the House of Commons almost continuously till 1567; much liked by Edward VI; accoui- ! iwuiied Somerset to Scotland, 1547; knighted: appointed j knight of the privy chamber; present at the siege of Boulogne, 1549-60; signed document giving the crown to Lady Jane Grey, 1553, but appears to have performed useful services for the Princess Mary ou Edward VI's death; sent to the Tower of London on charge of complicity in Wyatt's rebellion, 1554, but acquitted; on accession of Queen Elizabeth was appointed chief butler, chamberlain of the exchequer, and ambassador to France, 1660, to protest against the assumption of the arms of England; entered there into friendly relations with Mary Stuart; reconciled Elizabeth to Mary Stuart's settlement in Scotland; urged Elizabeth to ally herselfvith the foreign protestauts; remonstrated with her on proposed marriage with Leicester, 1560; captured by the catholics at the battle of Dreux, 1562; negotiated the treaty of Troves, 1564; sent to Scotland to prevent Mary Stuart's marriage with Darnley, 1565; created M.A. Oxford, 1666; was sent again to Mary Stuart, now imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, 1567, but only gained Elizabeth's reproaches: imprisoned on suspicion of sympathy with the rebellion of the northern catholics, 1669.
  341. ^ John Throsby (1740–1803), antiquary; parish clerk of St. Martin's, Leicester; chief works, The Memoirs of the Town and County of Leicester 1777, and The History... of Leicester, 1 1791.
  342. ^ Dorothea Ann Thetjpp (1779–1847). author; half-sister of Frederick Thrupp
  343. ^ Frederick Thettpp (1812–1895), sculptor; studied at Bass's and the Royal Academy, and visited Italy; executed a large number of sculptures, including The Prodigal Returned 1832 (his first exhibit at the Academy), Mother and Children 1837, Arethusa 1843, and Boys with a Basket of Fruit 1844; the statue of Sir Thomas Boxton, 1846, and of "Vrdsworth in Westminster Abbey by him: carved subjects from thePilgrim's Progress and George Herbert's poems; engraved also designs for illustrations to Paradise Lost and other works.
  344. ^ John Theupp (1817–1870), historical writer; nephew of Frederick Thrupp; publishedHistorical Law-Tracts 1843, and the Anglo-Saxon Home 1862.
  345. ^ Joseph Francis Theupp (1827–1867), divine; nephew of Frederick Thrupp; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1862; fellow; contributed to the 'Speaker's Commentary* and to Smith'sDictionary of the Bible
  346. ^ Thtiecytel (d. 975), abbot of Crowland ; kinsman probably of Archbishop Oswald of York and friend of St. Dunstan; restored and endowed the abbey, and obtained charter from King Edgar, still extant.
  347. ^ Roger Dk Thurkilbi (rf . 1260), judge ; itinerant justice in various parts of England; sat also at Westminster; described in Flores Historiarum as second to none; his decisions among the few mentioned in thirteenth-century treatises.
  348. ^ Thorkill Thurklll , or TURGESIUS (rf. 845), Danish king of North Ireland; perhaps identical with Ragnar Lodbrok, the half-mythical king of Denmark and Norway; conquered the north of Ireland and Dublin, 832; taken prisoner by Malachy, and drowned.
  349. ^ Thurkill or THORKILL, THE EARL (fl. 1012–1023), Danish invader; commanded Danish fleet, 1009, and led raids in southern and eastern counties of England; present at murder of Elfheah, 1012; entered Ethelred'a service, became probably a Christian, and fought against Sve3'n; supported Cnut and took part in battle of Assnndun, 1015; made Earl of EastAnglia, 1017; banished by Cnut, 1021, but made his viivroy in Denmark, 1023.
  350. ^ Sir Edward Thurland (1606–1683), judge; barrister, Inner Temple, 1634; member for Reigate in the Short, Convention, and Restoration parliaments; recorder of Reigate and Guildford, 1661; solicitor to James, duke of York, and knighted, 1665; baron of the exchequer, 1673; friend of Evelyn and Jeremy Taylor.
  351. ^ John Thurloe (1616–1668), secretary of state; studied law at Lincoln's Inn and entered the service of Oliver St. John (1598?-1673); filled several iosts, and was made secretary to the council of state, 1652; took important part in raising Cromwell to the Protectorate; M.P., Ely, 1654 and 1656, Cambridge University, 1659; given charge of intelligence and postal departments, and made member of the council; acted with great vigilance and success; spokesman of the government in parliament; one of those with whom Cromwell was wont tolay aside his greatness but had little influence on his policy; desired Cromwell to accept the crown; was opposed to the military faction; governor of the Charterhouse, 1657 chancellor of Glasgow University, 1658; supported government of Richard Cromwell: accused of arbitrary government by the republican and royal opposition; relieved of his functions ou restoration of Long parliament, 1659, but reappointed secretary of state on readmission of secluded members, 16tiO; accused of high treason at the Restoration, but liberated. His vast correspondence is the chief authority for the history of the Protectorate; seven volumes were published in 1742.
  352. ^ Edward Thuelow , first BARON THURLOW(1731–1806), lord chancellor; educated at Seckars school, Seaming, and King's school, Canterbury; Perse scholar at Gonville College and Oaius College, Cambridge, but removed for misconduct; barrister, Middle Temple, 1754, treasurer, 1770; distinguished himself by his discomfiture of Fletcher Norton in Robinson v. Lord Winchilsea, 1758; argued for the defendant in Tonson v. Collins see TON80N, JACOB, 1761; K.C., 1762; M.P., Tamworth, 1765, and recorder, 1769; retained for the appellants to the lords in Douglas v. Hamilton, when the decision of the court of session was reversed, 1769, and fought a duel with the Duke of Hamilton's agent, Andrew Stuart ; appointed solicitor-general, 1770, and attorneygeneral, 1771; overthrew Lord Mansfield's doctrine of perpetual copyright in Donaldsons. Becket, 1774, but opposed legislative settlement; established his fame as constitutionalist; inflexibly maintained right of England to exert her full might in dispute with American colonies; made chancellor and Baron Thurlow, 1778; established his ascendency over the peers; refused to listen to Lord Shelburne's representations on the misgovernmeut of Ireland, 1779; acted as king's chancellor; remained in power during the Rockinghaiu and Shelburne ministries, 1782-3, but was obliged to resign by Fox, 1783; resumed office under Pitt; presided at Warren Hastings's trial, 1788; intrigued with George, prince of Wales, against Pitt and was obliged to resign, 1792; courted George, prince of Wales, and defended the interests of the slave-trader. His political principles were merely a high view of royal prerogative and an aversion to change.
  353. ^ Thurlow afterwards HOVELL-THURLOW, EDWard second BARON THURLOW (1781–1829), minor poet; son of Thomas Thurlow, bishop of Durham; M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford, 1801; clerk of the hanaper; author of Poems 1813, and other volumes of verse, including Angelica* (an attempt to continue Shakespeare's Tempest), 1822.
  354. ^ Thomas Thurlow (1737–1791), bishop of Durham; brother of Edward Thurlow, first Baron Thurlow ; fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1759; M.A., 1761; D.D., 1772; dean of St. Paul's, London, 1782-7; bishop of Durham, 1787-91.
  355. ^ Mrs Thurmond . (fl. 1716–1737), actress; nee Lewis; married John Thurmond the younger, dancer in Dublin; played the original Cosmelia in the Doting Lovers 1715, and other parts, at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London; at Drury Lane, London, 1718-32; played Desdeinona, Lady Macduff, Lady Wronghead in the Provoked Husband nid numerous other part*, tome acted. L7SS, at Goodman's Fields, London, A luiini in th 'ItairBiBg Jinde and again, 1734-7, at Drury Lane. London, Mareia inCato Qiuvu inHenry VI If un.l HichaPl III." L,,ey Lockit in tbeBeggar's Op. r in the Mourulug Bride and Queen in I: I Friar.jsoj
  356. ^ John Thurnam (1*73) i.rr:mioloist: qoaker; F.K.C.r.. IK.VJ:.M.D. AU-nl.vn. 1846; DWUoaJ tendcnt ut asylum, Devize*: piihli-luil * i ii--r. on the stati-tic-i of ii!-.init IM:I. ai cipal Forms of Ancieut British and tiaul and other work*.
  357. ^ John de Thursby (. 1373).
  358. ^ Thurstan 8TAN or TUR8TIW (.. 1140), archbishop of York; native of Bayeux; pri-lN-n.lar. Loiuloii: clerk and favourite of William ItufiH; secretary of Henry I: elect, -.1 archbishop of York, 1114, tiit his consecration withheld t.y lUlph. arclioUhop of Canterbury, on account of hU refusal to profeM obedience: supported by successive popes and Louis VI in opposition to ; visited Louis VI, 1118; visited Pope Calixtus . 1119, and, contrary to nis promise, was consecrated by him, aud bull issued freeing church of York from the profession; was forbidden by Henry I to return to England: rendered useful senrioes in negotiations between England and France, and was reinvested with archbishopric by Ilcnry I, 1120: returned to England, 1121: refused to acknowledge tbe new archbishop of Canterbury, William of Corbeil (d. 1186), as primate of all England, 1123, both arch billions visiting Rome, 1123 and 1128, when, though the dispute was not settled, a legatine commiraion was granted to Archbishop William: failal in obliging John, bishop of Glasgow, to acknowledge the authority of York; forbidden to bear his cross erect or to place the crown on the king's haul at Westminster, 1126: consecrated Robert (. 1159) as bishop of St Andrews without any profession of obedience, 1128; gave hind for founding of Fountain* Abbey, 1132; on David of Scotland preparing to invade England, 1137, persuaded him to accept truce; on the invasion, 1138, animated the lords to resist the enemy, and gathered forces at York which beat the Scots at the battle of the Standard; exhorted by St Bernard not to resign his see; entered the Cluuiac order, and died at Pontefract priory. He was largely concerned in the growth of inonasticism in the north; three tracts are attributed to him.
  359. ^ John Thurston (1774–1822), draughtsman; worked under Janus Heath (1757-1834); designer of highly successful book illustrations, including those to Thomson's Seasons, 1805, and Shakespeare's works, 1814.
  360. ^ Sir John Bates Thurston (1836–1897), colonial governor; after several adventures, including shipwreck nt Samoa, became consul for Fiji, 1869; obtained remarkable influence, and was made colonial secretary of tbe new colony, 1874; lieutenant-governor, 1886; governor of the Western Pacific, 1887; K.C.M.G., 1887; F.L.S. and F.K.G.S.
  361. ^ John Thurtell (1794–1824), murderer; son of the mayor of Norwich: failed as a bombasin manufacturer and took to prize-fighting and gambling; lost money, amongst others, to William Weare, whom he murdered on the St. Albans road, 1823; was convicted, his accomplices turning king's evidence, in spite of a powerful speech in his own defence, and hanged.
  362. ^ Simon Thurvay (fl. 1184–1200). See Simon de Tournay.
  363. ^ Edward Thwaites (1667–1711), Anglo-Saxon scholar; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1697: ordained and elected fellow and Anglo-Saxon preceptor 16'JK; edited Dionysus Orbis Descriptio 1C'J7; published Heptateuchus Liber Job et Evangelium Nicodemi Ando Saxonicc 1698, Notte la Anglo-Saxon tun nummos 17un, and other works; appointed regius professor of Greek, 1708, and Whyte's professor of moral philosophy, 1708; received grant of money from Queen Anne.
  364. ^ George Henhy Kendrick Thwaites (1811–1882), botanist and entomologist: studied cryptogam and made important observations on diatoms; ootttriboted to tli" Miardeners* Chronicle; made superintendent of botanical gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon, 1849, where he did taMi i. pUed botany to .....in fltLMI .-..
  365. ^ William Thwayt or (rf. 1154).
  366. ^ Thweho MvitMM.fKK. flr* BAROX THWWCO (d. ISM), grandson of Robert de Thwcng; proBslMBl El OM BOOH fM1 WMOMJ... pAhOMol H baron. 1807.
  367. ^ Thwiho Thweno , or TWKTO, ROBBUT UK (12057-1J68?), opponent of Henry Ill's fordgu ecclesiastics, one of whom had been intruded Into his living of Kirkleutham: organised riots, 1232: justified htscondnet befora Henry HI and on a Tiait to Gregory IX, ISM; joiiMd lUchard of Cornwall
  368. ^ Robert Thyer (17W-1781), Chetham librarian. 1732. and editor of Butler Remains 1759; praised by Dr. Johnson; B.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1780.
  369. ^ Francis Thynne (1545?–1008), or ' Botciile,' aster herald; son of William Thyiiue q. v.l; member of Lincoln's Inn, 15C1; admitted attonivy; imprisoned for debt, 1573-6; euiployol with others in revising and continuing Holitislud's Chronicle; critidawl Spehf Chaucerin letter entitled Animadversion*, 1 16W; j assisted him in a second edition; created Lancaster herald, 16O2; left numerous works in manuscript, some  ; of which have been printed, including The Perfect Ambaatadovr
  370. ^ Thynne Sin JOHN (d. 1580), builder of Longleat ; introduced at court by hi* uncle William Thynne; i became steward to Somerset; accompanied him in his Scottish expedition, 1547; wounded at Pinkie, 1547; knighted aud allowed to quarter the Scota lion on his arms, 1547; imprisoned on the fall of Somerset, 1551-2; continued a zealous protestaut through Mary's reign; contrailer of Princess Elizabeth's household; M.P., Wiltshire, 1569, Great Bcdwiii, 1562-3, and Heytesbury, 1673, and J.P.; built Longleat House, probably from his own plans, 1567-79; entertained Queen Elizabeth. 1575.
  371. ^ John Alexander Thywhe , fourth Marquis of BATH (1831-1896), great-grandon of Thomas Thynne, first marquis of Bath q. v.l; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; lord-lieutenant of Wiltshire, 1889; ambassador at Lisbon, 1858, and at Vienna, 1867.
  372. ^ Thomas Thynne , or LOXOLKAT (1648-16WX Tom of Ten Thousand; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; succeeded to Lougleat on death of his uncle, Sir James Thyune, 1670: M J, Wiltshire, 1670-82: attached himself first to James, duke of York, but afterwards to Monmouth; the Issue-liar of Absalom aud Achitophcl: presented petition to Charles II for the puuifhnu-nt of impish plotters, 1680; one of the grand jury of Middlesex who ignored bill against Shaftesbury, 1681; removed from command of Wiltshire militia for his hostility- to the court, 1681; married Elizabeth, heiress of the Percy estates, 1681, and WM murdered by Konigsmark, one of her suitors.
  373. ^ Thynhe Pm THOMAS, first Viscount Weymouth(1640–1714), matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, 1657; envoy to Sweden. 1666; M.P., Oxford University, 1 G74 -8, f am worth, 1678-82: second baronet on dcntli of his father. Sir Henry Thynne, 1681; owner of Longleat on murder of his cousin Thomas Thynne (1648-lti2), and created Baron Thynne aud Viscount Wcy mouth, 1688; one of tbe four lords dispatched to invite William of Orange to England, 1688: voted for a regency; opposed William Ill's government: privy councillor in Queen Anne's reign: nutot rotnlonu* of Wiltshire.
  374. ^ Thomas Thynne , third Viscount Weymouth and first Marquis of Bath (1734-1796), statesman: travelled on the continent and fell into dissipated courses; joined the Bedford party and was made viceroy of Ireland, 1766, never going there, however; secretary for northern department in Graf ton's ministry, 1768: neglected duties of his office, but made powerful speeches in parliament; gained George Ill's favour by bis vigour in suppressing the Wilkes rioU; transferred to tbe southern department, on Shdboroe's resignation; suddenly left 4 o li office when war became imminent with Spain, concerning dispute as to the Falkland islands, 1770: was reappointed, 1775, and represented government in the Lords; showed hesitation and want of foresight in foreign affair?; declared motion for withdrawing troops from America an infringement of the prerogative; was propo?ed for the treasury by the king and made K.O., 1778; took northern department in addition to his own office, 1779, and resignal both the same year; received no office from Pitt, mi. LL.D. Cambridge, 1769; master of Trinity House, 1770; governor of the Charterhouse, London, 1778; created Marquis of Bath, 1789.
  375. ^ William Thynne (d. 1546), editor of Chaucer's i;afeu Botevile; clerk of the kitchen and of the cloth to Henry VIII, and recipient of numerous grants and appointments; enthusiastic student of Chaucer and first editor of his works, 1532, with dedication to Henry VIII, written by Sir Brian Tuke
  376. ^ Chidiock Tichborne (1558?–1586), conspirator ; an ardent papist: joined the Babingtou conspirators, 1586, in plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth; being arrested, pleaded guilty, and was executed.
  377. ^ Sir Henry Tichborne (1581?–1667), governor of Drogheda; captain of a regiment of foot in Ireland; made governor of Lifford; knighted, 1623; appointed commissioner of plantations in Londonderry, receiving himself large grants, 1623; on outbreak of rebellion, 1641, was made governor of Drogheda and defended the town heroically against the insurgents for four mouths; on its relief by Ormonde captured with him Dundalk by storm, 1642; sworn lord-justice, 1642; returned to England and was taken prisoner by the parliament, bearing back instructions to Ormonde for a peace with the catholics, 1645; being liberated on exchange became again governor of Drogheda; fought gallantly at Dungan Hill, 1647; obtained grant of Beaulieu, co. Louth.
  378. ^ Tichborne Sm HENRY, BARON FERRARD (1663–1731), grandson of Sir Henry Tichborne (1581?-1667) ; created Baron Ferrard of Beaulieu, 1715.
  379. ^ Robert Tichborne (d. 1682), regicide ; a linendraper and captain in the London trained bands, 1643; lieutenant of the Tower of London, 1647; extreme republican and independent; signed Charles I's death-warrant; j commissioner to settle government of Scotland, 1651;. sat for London in the Little parliament and in Orom- i well's House of Lords; knighted, 1655, and made lord I mayor of London, 1656; one of theconservators of liberty set up by the army, 1659; sentenced to death at the Restoration, and imprisoned for life; author of religious works.
  380. ^ Mrs Tickell . MARY (1756?–1787). See LINLEY, MARY
  381. ^ Richard Tickell (1751–1793), pamphleteer and dramatist; grandson of Thomas Tickell; barrister, Middle Temple: obtained a pension by writing for the government, and commissioner-ship in the stamp office, 1781; producedThe Camp at Drury Lane, London, 1778, Anticipation; a satirical forecast of parliamentary proceedings, 1778, and other works; connected through his wife with Sheridan, he transferred his pen to Fox's party; elected member of Brooks's Club, 1785; killed himself by jumping from a window.
  382. ^ Thomas Tickell (1686–1740), poet; M.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1709; fellow, 1710; published Oxford a poem, 1707; professor of poetry at Oxford, 1711; produced a poem much praised by Pope and Addison On the Prospect of Peace 1712; contributed verse to the 'GuardianSpectator and other publications; employed by Addison when secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1714; published translation of the first book of the Iliad at the same time as Pope, which occasioned the quarrel between Pope and Addison, 1716; made undersecretary by Addison, now secretary of state, 1717; edited Addtaon'8 Works publishing in the first volume his celebrated elegy on the death of Addison, 1721; pubItabed Kensington Gardens 1722; made secretary to the Iordjattoe8 in Ireland, 1724, when friendly intercourse passed between him and Swift.
  383. ^ John Tidcomb or Tidcombe (1642-1713), lieutenant-treneral; servitor at Oriel College, Oxford, 1661; commanded an Irish regiment and served in Portugal; lieutenant-general, 1708; member of theKit-Cat Club. Portrait at File:John Tidcomb by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg.
  384. ^ William Tidd (1760–1847). lepal writer : barrister, Inner Temple, 1813; author ofPractice of the Court of King's Bench 1790 and 174, and other legal works.
  385. ^ Alfred Tidey (1808–1892), miniature-painter; executed miniatures for Queen Victoria; exhibited at the Royal Academy.
  386. ^ Henry Tidey (1814–1872), water-colour painter ; brother of Alfred Tidey; painter of portraits and later of historical and poetical subjects; member of the Society of Painters in Water-colours.
  387. ^ Tidferth or Tidfrith (. 823?), ninth bishop of Dunwich; succeeded, c. 798; made profession of obedience to Ethelheard, archbishop of Canterbury; attended council at Olovesho, 803.
  388. ^ Charles Meymott Tidy (1843–1892), sanitary chemist; M.B. Aberdeen, I860; professor of chemistry at the London Hospital, 1876; reader of medical jurisprudence to the Inns of Court; public analyst and deputy medical officer of health for London: invented new method of analysing water, 1879, and published numerous works on sanitary and chemical science and legal medicine.
  389. ^ O'Rourke Tiernan or Tighearnan (d. 1172). See O'Rourke.
  390. ^ George Tierney (1761–1830), statesman ; was educated at Eton and Peterhouse, Cambridge; LL.B., 1784; barrister; M.P., Colchester, 1788, South wark, 1 796; opposed Pitt; continued his attendance in the house on withdrawal of Fox and his party, 1798, and deeply offended them; fought duel with Pitt, who had accused him of obstruction; attacked Pitt's finance, but became treasurer of the navy in Addington's ministry, 1802; made president of the board of control, 1806; returned to opposition on retirement of Grenville, and led the party, 1817-21; joined Canning as master of the mint, and quitted office finally with Goderich, 1828.
  391. ^ Mark Aloysius Tierney (1795–1862), Roman catholic historian; ordained priest, 1818; became chaplain to twelfth Duke of Norfolk, 1824; F.S.A., 1833; F.R.S., 1841; opposed Cardinal Wiseman and papal domination; edited Dodd's Church History of England,* 1839-43.
  392. ^ Sir Matthew John Tierney , first baronet (1776-1845), physician; supporter of vaccination; M.D. Glasgow, 1802; practised at Brighton; appointed physician to George IV and William IV; created baronet, 1818.
  393. ^ William Tiffin (1695?–1759), stenographer; B.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1716: chaplain of Wigston's Hospital, Leicester; author of A New Help and Improvement of the Art of Swift- Writing 1751.
  394. ^ Mrs Mary Tighe (1772–1810), poet; nee Blachford; married her cousin, Henry Tighe, 1793; published Psyche 1805.
  395. ^ Tighearnach (d. 1088).
  396. ^ Gervase of Tilbury (fl. 1211).
  397. ^ Peter Tillemans (1684–1734), painter and draughtsman; painted country seate and sporting subjects, and made drawings for Bridge's History of Northamptonshire
  398. ^ Richard Tillesley (1582–1621), archdeacon of Rochester; M.A., 1607, and D.D., 1617, St. John's College, Oxford; archdeacon of Rochester, 1614, prebendary, 1615; published Animadversions upon Mr. Selden's "History of Tithes," 1619.
  399. ^ Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley (1818–1896), Canadian statesman; born at Gagetown, New Brunswick; became leader of the liberals in the New Brunswick legislature and carried the union, 1866: C.B., 1867; held office in the Macdonald ministries, 1868-73 and 1878-1885; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1873-8 and 1885-93; as minister of finance formulated the national policy; K.C.M.G., 1879.
  400. ^ John Tillinghast (1604–1655), Fifth-monarchy man; B.A. Cuius College, Cambridge, 1655; rector of stn; ir,it;37, but became an independent; held the rectory of Tnim-h. Norfolk: remonstrated with Cromwell, 1655; published religious works.
  401. ^ Alexander Tilloch (1759-18S5), inventor (1784) of BU-rvotypiuK: son of John Tulloch; changed his name to Tilhx-h ufu-r 17M7;.-litur of theStar? 1789-1821; Mfeabttabfld the Philosophical Magazine 1797; joined the flandemanlani and wrote on scriptural prophecy.
  402. ^ John Tillotson (1630–1694), archbishop of Canterbury; born at Old Hatiirh End, Halifax: 4ffmTftf"% of th.- Tiistons of Cheshire and son of a prosperoos and ii-r,,t,,,..loth-worker; B.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge, En. 1651; MJL, 1654; D.D., 1666; became chaplain to Sir Edmond Prideaux and tutor to hi* son, 1656 or 1657; deprived of his fellowship, 1661; ordained Bt !... Jewry, London; his pulpit ceasing to be a puritan stronghold, and his innovation in style, introducing clearness greater brevity, and addresses to reason and feeling, being Nqrwstran; ms*M Tin WMoa ol Mng ME L'in-.is 1 lM4. a-un-i:itl,.-i-ii,. and put.!.-l.Mi ).:- K;;l,-ol Faith 1666, against the Roman catholics; chaplain to Charles II; dean of Canterbury, 1670, and canon of St. Paul's, London, 1675: drafted a bill with Baxter for comprehending the nonconformists: created much stir by his sermon ut Whitehall denying riht to make proselytes from the establixh'd religion 1680; made dean of St. Paul's, London, and exercised archiepisoopal jurisdiction on suspension of Bancroft, 1689; appointed archbishop of Canterbury, 1691: published four lectures on the Socinian controversy, delivered in 1679-no, as answer to doubts of his orthodoxy: buried in St. Lawrence Jewry, London. He was perhaps the only primate who took first rank in his day as a preacher.
  403. ^ William Tilly, or Selling (d. 1494). See William Celling.
  404. ^ Charles Tilney (1561–158G), cousin of Edmund Tilney q. v.; took part in Babington's conspiracy and
  405. ^ Edmund Tilney (. 1610), master of the revels in the royal household, 1579-c. 1609; controlled the court entertainment and licensed plays for the public: wrote A Briefe and Pleasant Discourse of Duties in Manage 1568.
  406. ^ John Tilney ( Jl. 1430), Carmelite friar ; doctor of theology at Cambridge; wrote several treatises.
  407. ^ John Tusley (1614–1684), puritan div : Edinburgh, 1637; present at the taking of Preston, 1643; made vicar of Deane, Lancashire, 1643; one of the ordaining ministers: petitioned parliament to set up presbytcrianism in Lancashire, and was one of the principal and most intolerant members; ejected, 1662, and silenced for nonconformity, 1678.
  408. ^ Til 80N, HENRY (1659–1696), portrait-painter; studied under Lely; committed suicide.
  409. ^ John Edward Tilt (1815–1893). physician : M.D. Paris, 1839; original fellow of the Obstetrical Society and president, 1874-5; published works on discuses of women.
  410. ^ Hknkv Timberlake (. 1626), traveller: visited Jerusalem, 1602; member of the Company of Merchant Adventurers, formed 1612; wrote aTrue and Discour.se of the Trauailea of two KuplUh Pilgrim
  411. ^ Henuy Tmberlake (. 1765), born in Virginia: engaged in subduing the Cherokee Indian*: troiikrlit three chiefs to England to see Ueorge 111, 1762; publUlied Memoirs 1765.
  412. ^ Henry Tmbrell (1806–1849), sculptor: gold medallist and travelling student of the Royal Academy; executed groups and busts.
  413. ^ James Timbrell C. (1810–1850). painter : brother of Henry Timbrell
  414. ^ Time ? '- 1. author : apprenticed to ft printer and druggist at Dorking;. Literature 1*27-38, and of other periodicals, and sub IvM; j,.: !.-, i.,:,-...-...,. r i... ,; . CHARLES H. ( 1794-184* ?X writer on -ioi ta tbl HU I*;...;.,I,M at * a printer: publishedSongs of the I'r.--.- i;.:. i i, -,.,...,-. !,,...:;;,..-..,,,1 v M tlonary of Printers and Printing Ittt.
  415. ^ Matthbw Tindal (iaJT-17MXdeit; B.A., 167. ad u.r.i, km* OoOiM Oxford,;-.-- U0*v.,t MI Bod -..:i.-.-.. OiflBid, i:-. i ttMd QftlMk in m James IPs reign: advocate at DoctorsCommons; gaw optadoa thai HaoaU Mrf i!.;-.-;; the Christian Church asaerted 1708, which exdte many rs-:---..IM.I ITM bond vU tlabi raMff MIMB, IHft by order of the House of Commona: attacked Walpole for resigning, 1717; published Christianity as Old as the Creation 1730, ex pounding rationalistic opinions: author of several other works or pamphlet*.
  416. ^ Nicholas Tindal (1687–1774), historical writer : nephew of Matthew Tmdal; M.A. K x etc r College. Oxford, 1718; rector of Hatford, 1716; vicar of Great Walt ham, 1721: was appointed master of the Royal Free School at ChcluiKfonl, 1731, and chaplain to Greenwich Hospital, 1738; published a translation and continuation of Rapin's History of England 1725-45, and an abridgment of Spence's Polymetis 1764, and some other works. VK iMi
  417. ^ Tindal Sm NICHOLAS OONYNGHAM (1776–1846), chief-justice of the common pleas; great-grandson of Nicholas Tindal; MA. I r n ty College, Cambridge, 1802; fellow, 1801; chancellor's gold medallist; hon. D.C.L. Oxford, 1814; suocewfolly claimed in Ashford t. Thoniton rUjrht of wager of battle for bis client; counsel for Queen Caroline; M.P. Wigtown Burghs, 1824, Harwich, 1826: solicitor-general and knighted, 1826; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1829.
  418. ^ William Tdtdal (rf. 1536).
  419. ^ William Tindal (1756–1804), antiquary ; grandson of Nicholas Tiudal; fellow of Trinity College, oxford, 1778; M.A., 1778; chaplain of the Tower of London; published a history of Kvesham, 1794, and other works; committed suicide.
  420. ^ John de Tinmouth (. 1366), historian; vicar of Tynemouth and Benedictine monk at St. Albans: author of Historia Aurea a Creatlone ad Tempus Edwardi III and other works.
  421. ^ John Tinney (d. 1761), engraver.
  422. ^ John Tipper (d. 1713), almanac-maker; commenced the Lndies* Diary (almanac and serial collection oi inath.-iniitinil papers 1704. editing it himself till 1713; founded Great Britain's Diary 1710.
  423. '^ William Tipping (1598–1649) author; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1617; jolueil the pwliament and took the covenant; took living of Bliabbington; published A Discourse of Eternity 1633, and other works.
  424. ^ John Tiptoft or Tibetot, Baron Tiptoft (1375?-1443); descended from Robert de Tiptoft; began life in service of Earl of Derby: was rewarded by Huntingdonshire, 14O3-4, 1404, and various grants: M.P. 1405-: elected speaker 1406, his tenure of office being -,, marked by important advances hi the power of the Commons and by persecution of the loliards; held many appointments at court and abroad; received forfeited lands . Gkudower; treasurer of England, 14O8; made seneschal of Aqultaine by Henry V, 1416; negotiated alliances with foreign prince*; appointed treasurer of Normandy, 1417; negotiated the peace, 1419; member of the privy council during Henry VI's minority; ommoned te.parliament at Baron Tiptoft, 1426; steward of the hoaebold, US8-W; commanded troops in France. 14S9 and 1436.
  425. ^ Tiptoft or TIBETOT, JOHN, KAHL or WoRCEtTW (1427 ?-1470), son of John, baron Tiptoft q. v.T: educated at Balliol College, Oxford; created Karl of Worcester, 1449: a Yorkist: appointed treasurer of the txcheqner, 1452; joint-commissioner to keep guard bj tea, deputy of Ireland, 1457; chief-justice of North Wales, 1 till, on Edward IV's accession; held various high offices; fallal to proven t escape of Queen Margaret, 1463; as deputy of Ireland executed, the Earl of Desmond and two ot hi infant sons Mti7, and, as constable of; England, KM- 7 and 1470, was guilty of great cruelties, including the execution of John, i-arl of Oxfonl, ltd:, Sir Ralph Grey, ami Lancastrians. 1464, and twenty of Clarence's party, taken at sea, who were hauled and impaled, 1470; called the butcher of England: on flight of Edward IV wns taken and executed. He was eulogised by Caxtou and famous for his scholarship, having studied Latin at Padua, heard John Argyropoulos lecture on Greek at Florence, and translated Cicero's De Amicitia and The Declaration of Nobleness by Buouacoorso.
  426. ^ Robert de Tiptoft , sometimes styled Baron Tibetot or Tiptoft (. 12U8), governor of various castles; accompanied Edward I to the Holy Laud; suppressed revolt of Rhys ab Merednc, 1287-8; served in France and in Scotland.
  427. ^ Tirechan (fl, 7th cent.), bishop and saint ; wrote 4 Collections relating to St. Patrick.
  428. ^ Walter Tirel or Tyrrell (fl. 1100), reputed slayer of William Rufus; son and successor of Walter Tirel, lord of Foix in Picardy; was generally believed to have shot the arrow that killed William Rufus, but denied having done so.
  429. ^ Sir Robert Tirreye (d. 1428).
  430. ^ Philip Tisdal (1703–1777), Irish politician : B.A. Dublin, 1722; entered the Middle Temple, 1728: called to the Irish bar, 1733; M.A.Dublin University, 1739-76 Armagh, 1776; succeeded his father as registrar of the court of chancery, 1742; judge of the prerogative court, 1745; solicitor-general, 1751; attorney-general, 1760; principal secretary of state and manager of the House of Commons, 1763; died in Belgium.
  431. ^ William Tisdal or Tisdall (1669–1735), controversialist and acquaintance of Swift; fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, 1696; D.D., 1707; lost Swift's friendship by his courtship of Stella 1704; vicar of Belfast, 1712; wrote against the dissenters.
  432. ^ John Tisdale, Tysdall, or Tysdale (fl. 1550-1563), printer and stationer; original member of the Company of Stationers.
  433. ^ Jonathan Holt Titcomb (1819–1887), bishop of Rangoon; of St. Peter's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1845; D.D. honoris causa, 1877; perpetual curate of St. Andrew-the-Less, Cambridge, 1845-59; vicar of St. Stephen's, South Lambeth, 1861, and lectured in London; rural dean of Clapham and honorary canon of Winchester; first bishop of Rangoon, 1877-82; bishop for Northern and Central Europe, 1884-6; published Personal Recollections of Burma 1880, and religious works.
  434. ^ Sir William Tite (1798–1873), architect; assisted David Laing (1774-1856); built the Royal Exchange, London, 1844, numerous railway stations, and London edifices: president of the Architectural Society; M.P., Bath, 1855-73; opposed Scott's Gothic government offices; largely concerned in construction of the Thames embankment; knighted, 1869; C.B., 1870; F.RS, 1835F.S.A., 1839.
  435. ^ (1831–1877), operatic singer; of Hungarian birth; a soprano of great sweetness and power, her best parts including Lucrezia, Semiramide, and Lenora; singer of sacred music.
  436. ^ Walter Titley (1700–1768), envoy extraordinary at Copenhagen: of Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge; M. A., 1726; wrote Latin verses and imitated Horace.
  437. ^ Silius Titus (1623?–1704), politician ; of Christ Church, Oxfonl, and the Middle Temple; took part in the I siege of Donnimrton Castle on the parliament side, 1644; one of Charles I's household, Isle of Wight, 1617; became royalist and devised plans for Charles I's escape: entered rvice of Charles II; but after the battle of Worcester I to Cromwdl for leave to return to England correspondent of Clarendon; intermediary between the royalists and levellers, and intimate with Kdward Sexby ; made keeper of Deal Castle at the- Restoration: lavaine one of the leaders of the House of Common? during the excitement of the popish plot and Kxtuusiou Bill; very zealous against Lord Stafford; a humorous and vigorous sjM-aki-r: saw through James IPs favuir to the dissenters but became privy councillor, 1(588; tran-ferred his allegiance to William 111; M.i, Ludlow, Itim."..
  438. ^ Tobias (d. 726), ninth bishop of Rochester ; consecrated, c. 096; pupil of Theodore and Hadrian.
  439. ^ Gkohgk Tobin (1768–1838), rear-admiral ; brother of John Tobin; was present at tin: action in f-t Indies, 12 April 1782; captured the Cyaiie, 1805; cooperated with the army in France and Spain, 18K5-14; C.B., 1816; rear-admiral, 1837.
  440. ^ John Tobin (1770–1801), dramatist; brother of George Tobin, solicitor; author of the * Honey Moon 1805, the Curfew 1807, the School for Authors 1808, and other plays, all posthumous.
  441. ^ Richard Tocltve (l. 1188). See RICHARD OF Ilchester
  442. ^ James Tod (1782–1835), colonel and Indian diplomatist; obtained East Indian cadetsbip and went to Bengal, 1799; lieutenant, Bengal infantry, 1800; surveyed and collected topographical information; organised intelligence department at Rowtah during operations against the Pindharis, 1817; appointed political agent in. western Rajput states, 1818; resigned, 1822; lieutenantcolonel, 1826; publishedAnnals and Antiquities oi Rajasthan 1829-32, and - Travels in Western India posthumous, 1839.
  443. ^ Alpheus Todd (1821–1884), librarian of the parliament of Canada; published The Practice and Privileges of the two Houses of Parliament 1840, and On Parliamentary Government in England 1867-9, and other works; librarian of the parliament of the Dominion, 1867-84; minister of the Catholic Apostolic Church
  444. ^ Elliott Todd D'ARCY (1808–1845), British resident at Herat: lieutenant in the Bengal artillery, 1823; took part in second siege of Bhartpur, 1825; studied Persian and became instructor in artillery to the Persian army, 1834; military secretary to Sir Henry Lindesay Bethona at Tabriz, 1836; accompanied John McNeill to Herat, 1838, and took despatches thence to Simla by Kandahar and Peshawar; military secretary to Sir William Hay Macnaghten q. v.j when envoy to the amir of Afghanistan, and made treaty with Shah Kamran at Herat; political agent at Herat, 1841, when, having proofs of Kaniran's bad faith, he withdrew to Candahar; angrily dismissed by Lord Auckland, the povernorgeneral; rejoined his regiment; promoted captain and killed at Firozshah.
  445. ^ Henry John Todd (1763–1845), all tor of Milton and author; chorister at Magdalen College, Oxfonl; tutor and lecturer at Hertford College, Oxfonl; M.A., 1786; held various livings; librarian at Lambeth Palace, and royal chaplain: rector of Settrington, 1820 prebendary of York, 1830, and archdeacon, 1832; published the 'Poetical Works of Milton 1801, and edition of Spenser, 1805, and ofJohnson's Dictionary 1818, and numerous original works, including a life oi Cranmer, 1831.
  446. ^ Hugh Todd ( 1658?–1728), author ; B. A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1677; fellow of University College, 1678; M.A., 1C7, and D.D., 16U2; prebendary of Carlisle, 1686; rector of Arthuret and vicar of Penrith St. Andrew; quarrelled with his bishop, William Nicolson, and was excommunicated, but continued to officiate; published poems and miscellaneous works, including translations from Plutarch and Nepos.
  447. ^ James Henthorn Todd (1805-18G9). Irish scholar and regius professor of Hebrew at Dublin: brother of Robert Bentley Todd; B. A. Dublin,! 825: fellow, 1831,aud tutor; D.D., 1840; contributed to various publications; Donncllan lecturer, 1838-0; published his lectures asDiscourses on the Prophecies 1840; treasurer, 1837, and precentor, 1864, pf St. Patrick's, Dublin; regius professor of Hebrew at Dublin, 18li, and librarian, 1852; classified the manuscripts, added many books, and compiled a catalogue; founded the Ar.-h.-i U._ri-al Society, 1840, acted as secretary and contributed to its publications: publishedSt. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland i-.-.i and other important works; consulted by statesmen and theologians.
  448. ^ Robert Bkntley Todd (1809–1860), physldan ; brother of Jaim-s Hrnthoni Told. v. College, Dublin, 1829; lii-tim-d m D.M. Oxfonl, 1H36: profesjor of physiology r College, London, 1x3*; 5.1; G:s3tf..m-l Lmn li-ian l--tuivr. 1K49: F.1LS., 1838; examiner for London University, 1K89-4O; instrumental in ! OoOofN Hospital, London, 1840. and 81. Join. Institution for nur- 44: establlsbsd large private practice; revolutionise! treatment of fevers: i-outributed mnuy works to medical science, including The Cyclonssdia of Anatomy and Physiology which ho aitad, MP m,
  449. ^ Isaac Todhunter (1820–1884 X mathematician; attended evening classes at University College; M.A. London: scholar and gold medallist: senior wrangler and Smith 1 - primnan. Cambridge, 1848, and fellow of St i College, Cambridge, 1849; published mathematical ..... treatise*, mostly elementary; K.kS., 1862; an aocomplialiod linguist.
  450. ^ Toft or TOFT8, MARY (1701?-1763). 'the rabbitbreeder; said to have given birth to rabbits (the fraud occasioning a torrent of pamphlet* and squibs); confessed afterwards to the imposture.
  451. ^ Robeiit Tofte . 1620), poet and translator: travelled in France and Italy: publishedLaura 1597, and Alba 1508, reference being made in the latter to 4 Love's Labour's Lost also* The Fruit* of Jealouxi. - 1,!.: translated from the Italian, including Ariosto'sTales and Satires and from the Fn.-n.-i..
  452. ^ Katherine Tofts , aftenvards SMITH (1680?–1758 ?), vocalist; sang at Drury Lane concerts; rival of Francesoa Margherita de 1'Rpine; took part in AnrinoeV 1706,CamillaLove's Triumph and other operas; a soprano greatly extolled by contemporaries: after her retirement from the stage, 1709, said to have lost her reason.
  453. ^ Mary Toftb (1701?–1763). see Toft
  454. ^ John Toland ( 1670-1 722), debt; studied at the college, Glasgow, at Leyden, ami Oxfonl: M.A. Klinburgh, 1690: publishedChristianity not Mysterious,* 1696, the first act of warfare between the deist* ami the orthodox; returned to Ireland, 1697; coupled with Locke as a Socinian, and denounced from the pulpit, hi* book ordered to be burnt by the House of Common*, and himself arrested: retreated to England: edited Milton's prose works, 1698, and other authors: wrote pamphlet* defending the Act of Succession, and formed one of the to the Electress Sophia, 1701: on his return wrote Vindicius Liberius and recanted hi* former opinions; assisted by Shafteshury; visited the courts of Hanover and Berlin and published an account, 1706: was admitted to Sophie Charlotte's philosophical conversations, and wrote letters to her Serena: wrote pamphlets in defence of Harley and Marlborough; travelled abroad again: resided in Holland; returned to England, 1710, ami wrote pamphlets against Sacheverell and Jaeobitism, and the Art of Restoring 1714, accusing Oxford of intending to play the rule of Monek: returned to speculations in Nazarenus 1718, * Tetradymus 1720, and rantheistioon 1720; author of several other works.
  455. ^ John Toler , first EARL OF NORRURY (1746–1831), chief-justice of the common pleas in Ireland: M.A. Dublin. 1766: called to tin; Iri.-h bar, 1770: M.P., Tralee, 1776, Philipstown, 1783, (lorey, 1790: K.C., 1781; opposed Flood's bill for reform, 1783; solicitor-general, 1789: opposed (i rattan's motion reprobating sale of places and peerage*, 1790; gave consistent support to Earl of Westmoreland, 1790-3, and Lord Camdeu, his indifference to propriety and broad humour giving him success over his opponent*: moved rejection of catholic relief bill, 1795; attorneygeneral, 1798; showed cruelty in prosecution of the rebels; mnde chief-justice of the common pleas and Uaron Norbury, 1800; showed gross partiality, buffoonery, and scanty legal knowledge on the bench; famous for his bout molt: had great influence in the government as a supporter of protestant ascendency; retired and was created rl,1827.
  456. ^ William (1778?-1817, orientalist, Mul.ratta eamml, at Assaye of revenue in Oylou, 1811; traMhfort Now TosUunsnt Ivi. 4li
  457. ^ Talma Tollemache 8H, or TALMACH, fl (18*1 7-1694). lieateuant-ccneral : Flanders and Tangier in CoidsUsam guards .-,..,,:.,:,,i (M:--.:-. m Md m i JMM m pcUtkoJdoilfno! Mr*odanli fa H,.! landod rtUi HID imd M*.. T,,.-. I;,. ao*M*oraof , PortnooUi nd MloCl sMstaM mC:--. M !-. ICatBM,;.. UM.4.,;-:.-..,. i! -r.-.! BSjdM nandsd HM failure perhaps be*ng munications from Plymouth. was woondsd. and died at
  458. ^ Toller ?mSAMUEL(.1821),*d*Ofla40*cnefl* Madras; barrister, Lincoln's Inn; advocate- general at Madras, 1812; knighted; pubUsbed legal works: diod in dla.
  459. ^ Elizabeth Tollet (1694–1754), poetess.
  460. ^ George Tollet (1726–1779). Ph, nephew of Elizabeth Toilet: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1745: contributed notes to Johnson and Steevens's edition of Shakespeare.
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