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History

Main articles: History of Philadelphia and Timeline of Philadelphia

An 18th century map of Philadelphia.

Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts. Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States' independence pushed them further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma and surrounding territory) under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with some communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario (Canada) and in their traditional homelands.

Religion

• Church (building), is a building used for religious activities, particularly Christian worship service
• Church (sociology of religion), religious denominations that are all-embracing of religious expression within a society
• Christian Church, the whole Christian religious tradition through history
  • the western (Roman) Catholic Church, the largest Christian religious organisation.
    • Particular Church, an ecclesial community within Catholic Christianity
  • the eastern Orthodox Church
  • Broad church, (from Anglicanism) an organization encompassing a broad range of opinion on doctrine and practice
  • Local church, the body made up of a church congregation, its members and clergy
  • Simple church, an Evangelical Christian movement
  • State church, a Christian religious body or creed officially endorsed by a nation's government
• Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship

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