User:Yizel9588/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A voice break, voice change, or voice mutation commonly refers to the deepening of the voice of people as they reaches puberty. Before puberty, boys and girls have roughly similar vocal pitch, but during puberty the male voice typically deepens in pitch, while the female voice usually only deepens by a couple of tones which may be more difficult to detect.[1][2][3]

A similar effect is a voice crack, during which a person's voice suddenly and unintentionally enters a higher register (usually falsetto) for a brief period of time. This may be caused by singing or talking at a pitch outside the person's natural vocal range, stress, emotional tension, or the physical changes associated with puberty. An instance of a voice crack (when associated with puberty) lasts for only a moment and occurs generally less frequently as a person grows into maturity.[4]

Overview[edit]

Most of the voice change begins around age 12 or 13.[4] Full adult pitch is attained at an average age of 15 years, though it is not fully settled until early twenties. It usually precedes the development of significant facial hair by several months to years. Under the influence of androgens, the voice box, or larynx, grows in both sexes. This growth is far more prominent in boys than in girls and is more easily perceived. It causes the voice to drop and deepen during puberty. Along with the larynx, the vocal folds (vocal cords) grow significantly longer and become thicker. In addition, the facial bones begin to grow as well. Cavities in the sinuses, the nose, and the back of the throat grow bigger, thus creating more space within the head to allow the voice to resonate.[1] Cartilage within the facial area can move into as many as 170 different positions. The glottis narrows, controlling the flow of air, which causes the vocal folds to vibrate and create sound.[5] Occasionally, voice change is accompanied by unsteadiness of vocalization in the early stages of untrained voices. Due to the drop in pitch to the vocal range, people may unintentionally speak in head voice using pitches which are formally chest voice.

History[edit]

Historical changes in the average age of puberty have had profound effects on the composing of music for children's voices. The composer Joseph Haydn (1732 – 1809) was typical in singing parts in high pitches through his seventeenth year.

Unchanged voices were in high demand for church choirs, which, surprisingly, historically excluded women. The British cathedral choir ideal remains based on boy sopranos (or trebles), with the alto part executed by adult countertenors. But in German-speaking countries the alto parts as well are sung by boys.

Historically, a strategy for avoiding mutation altogether was castration. Castrati are first documented in Italian church records from the 1550s.[6] Mozart's Exultate Jubilate, Allegri's Miserere and parts of Handel's Messiah were written for this voice, whose distinctive timbre was widely exploited in Baroque opera. In 1861 the practice of castration became illegal in Italy, and in 1878 Pope Leo XIII prohibited the hiring of new castrati by the church. The last castrato was Alessandro Moreschi (1858–1922) who served in the Sistine Chapel Choir.[7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Your child's changing voice". Kidshealth.org.
  2. ^ "Breaking voices". BBC Science. 30 April 2002. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  3. ^ "Voice changing". The Lowdown. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  4. ^ a b "When will my sons voice change?". About.com.
  5. ^ "What Is the Larynx?". Wisegeek.com.
  6. ^ John Rosselli, "Castrato" article in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2001.
  7. ^ "All Mouth and No Trousers" from The Guardian, Aug 5 2002.

Category:Puberty Category:Human voice

A voice break, voice change, or voice mutation commonly refers to the deepening of the voice of people as they reaches puberty. Before puberty, boys and girls have roughly similar vocal pitch, but during puberty the male voice typically deepens in pitch, while the female voice usually only deepens by a couple of tones which may be more difficult to detect.[1][2][3]

A similar effect is a voice crack, during which a person's voice suddenly and unintentionally enters a higher register (usually falsetto) for a brief period of time. This may be caused by singing or talking at a pitch outside the person's natural vocal range, stress, emotional tension, or the physical changes associated with puberty. An instance of a voice crack (when associated with puberty) lasts for only a moment and occurs generally less frequently as a person grows into maturity.[4]

Overview[edit]

Most of the voice change begins around age 12 or 13.[4] Full adult pitch is attained at an average age of 15 years, though it is not fully settled until early twenties. It usually precedes the development of significant facial hair by several months to years. Under the influence of androgens, the voice box, or larynx, grows in both sexes. This growth is far more prominent in boys than in girls and is more easily perceived. It causes the voice to drop and deepen during puberty. Along with the larynx, the vocal folds (vocal cords) grow significantly longer and become thicker. In addition, the facial bones begin to grow as well. Cavities in the sinuses, the nose, and the back of the throat grow bigger, thus creating more space within the head to allow the voice to resonate.[1] Cartilage within the facial area can move into as many as 170 different positions. The glottis narrows, controlling the flow of air, which causes the vocal folds to vibrate and create sound.[5] Occasionally, voice change is accompanied by unsteadiness of vocalization in the early stages of untrained voices. Due to the drop in pitch to the vocal range, people may unintentionally speak in head voice using pitches which are formally chest voice.

History[edit]

Historical changes in the average age of puberty have had profound effects on the composing of music for children's voices. The composer Joseph Haydn (1732 – 1809) was typical in singing parts in high pitches through his seventeenth year.

Unchanged voices were in high demand for church choirs, which, surprisingly, historically excluded women. The British cathedral choir ideal remains based on boy sopranos (or trebles), with the alto part executed by adult countertenors. But in German-speaking countries the alto parts as well are sung by boys.

Historically, a strategy for avoiding mutation altogether was castration. Castrati are first documented in Italian church records from the 1550s.[6] Mozart's Exultate Jubilate, Allegri's Miserere and parts of Handel's Messiah were written for this voice, whose distinctive timbre was widely exploited in Baroque opera. In 1861 the practice of castration became illegal in Italy, and in 1878 Pope Leo XIII prohibited the hiring of new castrati by the church. The last castrato was Alessandro Moreschi (1858–1922) who served in the Sistine Chapel Choir.[7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Your child's changing voice". Kidshealth.org.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Breaking voices was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Voice changing was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b "When will my sons voice change?". About.com.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference What Is the Larynx was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ John Rosselli, "Castrato" article in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2001.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference radix.net was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Category:Puberty Category:Human voice

X-Men: Destiny
Developer(s)Silicon Knights
Publisher(s)Activision
Producer(s)Doug Heder
Writer(s)Mike Carey
EngineUnreal Engine 3[1]
Platform(s)Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii
ReleaseNintendo DS, PlayStation 3 & Xbox 360
  • NA: September 27, 2011
  • EU: September 30, 2011
  • AU: October 5, 2011
Wii
  • NA: September 27, 2011
  • EU: October 14, 2011
  • AU: October 26, 2011
Genre(s)Beat 'em up, action role-playing
Mode(s)Single-player

X-Men: Destiny is an action role-playing video game based on the X-Men comic book series. It was developed by Silicon Knights, it was written by Mike Carey, the writer of the X-Men: Legacy comic book series,[2] and it was released by Activision for the Nintendo DS, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Wii consoles.[3]

Gameplay[edit]

In X-Men: Destiny, players are put in the roles of new mutants, who join the X-Men or the Brotherhood of Mutants; they have to make choices to decide the ultimate destiny of their characters.[4][5] X-Men: Destiny places an emphasis on choice, as opposed to a more traditional linear type of gameplay. According to the official press release, "the all-new original video game casts players as new mutant recruits in a rich, branching storyline that features a deep element of choice and gives players ultimate control of their destiny".[6]

Throughout the game, players collect power enhancements called "X-Genes". Every X-Gene can unlock three types of abilities: offensive, defensive, and utility. X-Genes can be mixed and matched as the player sees fit for a unique experience.[7]

Some retailers packaged the game with exclusive pre-order bonuses. Those who pre-ordered on Amazon.com received an early unlock code for Emma Frost's outfit and X-Genes; Best Buy offered an early unlock code of Juggernaut's costume and X-Genes; and GameStop's pre-ordering customers received Havok's suit and X-Genes.[8]

Plot[edit]

X-Men Destiny is based in San Francisco, which has been divided into human and mutant areas due to a conflict between the two groups. The game begins at a peace rally, where the player chooses from one of three mutant characters to play as. The peace rally was being held in memory of the deceased Professor X, who was originally created for the game. The game allows the player to decide which mutants become their allies and enemies through making choice in the course of the story.[9]

The peace rally held in San Francisco by the Mutant Response Division Chief Luis Reyes quickly turns into a disaster as the rally is attacked by an unknown force. Immediately after, the player character's latent mutant powers are awakened and he or she is forced to defend civilians in the area from the Purifiers, an anti-mutant extremist organization. While being guided by Emma Frost, the player character meets mutants from both the X-Men and Brotherhood of Mutants, and sides with either group as he/she goes after Cameron Hodge, the leader of the Purifiers. Hodge is wearing a power armor and personally joins in the hunt for mutants; however, many characters wonder why the Purifiers are capturing mutants alive instead of killing them. The player character eventually corners Hodge on top of a building, but the fight is interrupted as Magneto, who is accused by Reyes for attacking the rally, drops a steel bridge on top of the combat zone.

The player character is saved by Nightcrawler at the last moment and teleported to China Town, where he/she is tasked to find Gambit. Gambit left the X-Men after the death of Professor X and currently operates a casino in the town. After meeting him, Gambit asks the player to help him raid a Purifier warehouse, which contains the technology Purifiers use against the mutants. After the raid, Gambit gives the player the location of the secret underground lab where Purifiers hold captured mutants.

At the lab, the player meets several captured mutants, such as Quicksilver, Surge and Colossus, and he or she meets the U-Men, a group of anti-mutant soldiers that somehow uses power drained from mutants. With their help, the player eventually defeats Sublime in the lab and saves the mutants.

Acting on intel gained by the X-Men, the player goes after a secret underground base used by Hodge and Purifiers. Along the road, he meets Wolverine and Reyes again but Wolverine goes berserk for some unknown reason and attacks Reyes.Thus, the player is forced to continue alone. He/she eventually finds Hodge, who is now wearing a more powerful suit of armor armed with captured mutant powers. Hodge states that with the power drained from Pixie and Caliban, they will be able to find and capture any mutant they want. He also slips that he is helped by some other groups or people. After the fight, Hodge falls from the generator tower and is presumed dead.

Depending on the player's choice, the player either goes to Cyclops or Mystique with the new-found information and is tasked with finding Pixie and Caliban. The player eventually find Caliban. Also, with the aid of Forge, the player realizes that the person who is pulling the strings so far is none other than Bastion, the robot who killed Professor X. Bastion somehow survives and uploads himself to the MRD satellite and it is revealed that Reyes also works for him. With Caliban's help, they find Pixie; but the helicopter carrying her gets shot down by a laser beam and crashes. The player eventually finds the crash site, but the wreckage explodes and Pixie is killed in the blast. Immediately after, regardless of the player's choices so far, Magneto accuses Cyclops of shooting down the helicopter and attacks both Cyclops and the player alongside the Juggernaut. After the fight, Magneto grudgingly gives the player a chance to join the Brotherhood and he/she is forced to make a decision.

Regardless of which side the player chooses, he/she is tasked to find and eliminate Reyes who seems to have mind control powers to influence other mutants. Reyes plans to amplify his power with Bastion's satellite so he can control anybody (human or mutant) on Earth. After fighting several allied mutants and saving them from Reyes' mind-control, the player eventually finds the broadcasting tower used by Reyes and shuts down the signal with the aid of both Cyclops and Magneto. Bastion however, downloads himself into Reyes' mind and takes control of him, who is now wearing an even more powerful version of the armor Hodge was wearing. Bastion also sends several Sentinel robots to the fight. After taking out both Reyes' Sentinel and himself, Reyes states that he wishes to surrender to the authorities, to which the player responds that they (either X-Men or Brotherhood) are the law now.

The ending depends on which side the player chooses to join at the end of Chapter 7.

  • If he/she sides with the X-Men, Cyclops and rest of the team are seen watching the remains of the city and promising that they will create a world where mutants and humans can live in peace. Cyclops states that there's another storm coming that might be worse than the ones they endured. Cyclops tells the player that it is good to know that the player is with them.
  • If he/she sides with the Brotherhood of Mutants, Magneto and the player are seen watching the ruins of the city, with Magneto declaring the formation of a mutant-only nation and saying that he will teach the player to how to survive in a world that despises mutants.

Characters[edit]

Playable characters[edit]

On console versions, players have a choice of three new mutants at the beginning of the game.

  • Aimi Yoshida: Born in Fuji City, Japan, Aimi was smuggled out of Japan by her mutant parents before their family could be incarcerated in the new mutant camps. She arrived in San Francisco hidden on a tanker ship. She is too young and frightened to appreciate her parents' motivations for sending her away, instead feeling only the bitterness and anger of abandonment.[7]
  • Grant Alexander: Born in Sandersville, Georgia, Grant is a college freshman who dreams of becoming a professional football player. He hopes to land a spot this year on the University of California, Berkeley, varsity squad. Grant has no interest in politics and knows little about the ongoing mutant/human conflict.[7]
  • Adrian Luca: Born in Los Angeles, California, Adrian is the son of an anti-mutant extremist who was killed in battle. His father’s associates called themselves "Purifiers", and under their care Adrian was educated to hate all mutants and conditioned to seek revenge for his father’s murder. The Purifiers have trained Adrian to be a soldier in their army of “pure-blooded” Homo sapiens.[7]

The Nintendo DS version has a single player character.

Non-playable characters[edit]

Many established characters from the X-Men universe make an appearance in the game to assist the player in combat or in the completion of the story line[7][10][11] such as

X-Men[edit]

Brotherhood of Mutants[edit]

Cast[edit]

Additional voices by Aileen Ong Casas, Mark Famigletti, Keith Ferguson, Bob Glouberman, Bill Graves, Phil LaMarr, Yuri Lowenthal, Sunil Malhotra, Jason Marsden, Sumalee Montano, Minae Noji, Nolan North, Alexander Polinsky, André Sogliuzzo, Joel Spence, Keith Szarabajka, Fred Tatasciore, Kari Wahlgren, and Wally Wingert

A large amount of the main cast reprise their roles from Wolverine and the X-Men including Steve Blum, Phil LaMarr, Nolan North, and Kari Wahlgren.

Reception[edit]

X-Men: Destiny received generally negative reviews, with mostly pointing out the button mashing combat is lack of consequences to choices, and overall lack of polish. Joystiq criticised the sluggish gameplay and short story, stating the game feels unfinished and awarded its 1.5 stars out of 5.[12] GamesRadar, although praising the fan service of the game, echoed the sentiment of the game feeling unfinished, calling it mediocre and citing the graphics being similar to "an HD remake of a last-gen game". And although the boss battles received some praise, the majority of the fighting was considered dull and repetitive, awarding the game 5 out of 10.[13] However Gameinformer gave the game a 7 out of 10, again praising the fulfilment of fantasy for mutant lovers the game provides, as well as replay value, despite the questionable graphics.[14]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Cook, Dave (November 9, 2012). "Silicon Knights ordered to destroy unsold copies of all Unreal Engine games". VG247
  2. ^ "Game Preview: X-Men Destiny (Xbox 360 & PS3) » BuzzFocus.com". BuzzFocus. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  3. ^ Makuch, Eddie. "Shippin' Out Sept. 25 – Oct. 1: FIFA 12, Pro Evo 12 – News at GameSpot". GameSpot. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  4. ^ Reeves, Ben (7 October 2010). "Silicon Knights Lets You Choose Your Destiny With X-Men: Destiny". Game Informer. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  5. ^ Pigna, Kris (7 October 2010). "Activision Announces X-Men: Destiny". 1UP.com. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  6. ^ Gaylord, Chris (8 October 2010). "X-Men: Destiny, what we know so far". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  7. ^ a b c d e "X-Men Destiny: Powers & X-Genes". Activision. Retrieved 26 September 2011. Cite error: The named reference "Official Website" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  8. ^ Workman, Robert. "Getting To Know the Characters & Powers of "X-Men Destiny" – Comic Book Resources". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  9. ^ "X-Men: Destiny – An RPG worthy of the X-Men name?". Computer and Video Games. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
  10. ^ X-Men: Destiny Stage Demo
  11. ^ Official Trailer for X-Men: Destiny
  12. ^ McElroy, Justin (28 September 2011). "X-Men Destiny review: Destined for failure". Joystiq. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  13. ^ Cooper, Hollander. "You want to be an X-Man, don't you?". GamesRadar. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  14. ^ Miller, Matt (17 September 2011). "Build your own mutant in X-Men Destiny". Gameinformer. Retrieved 28 September 2011.

External links[edit]

Category:2011 video games Category:Activision games Category:Beat 'em ups Category:Nintendo DS games Category:PlayStation 3 games Category:Silicon Knights games Category:Video games based on X-Men Category:Video games featuring female protagonists Category:Video games set in California Category:Wii games Category:Xbox 360 games

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