User:Wildebeez/test
Origin[edit]
The earliest origin of Iyaric is debated, though it is generally agreed that the dialect was deliberately created by Rastas as an argot.[1] Rastas sought to create a dialect that challenged the colonial framework they perceived was inherent in Jamaica's vernacular English.[2]
The base word forms for Iyaric are imported from Jamaican Creole[3], and the constituent phonemes for those words are analyzed for positive or negative connotation against an English lexifier. Words whose phonetic connotations conflict with the word's overall semantics are called the "Babylon" (colonial English) form of the word, and Iyaric uses a system called "Iformation" ("I" + transformation)[4] to substitute those incongruously connoted phonetic matches with new phonemes that match the connotation of the overall word. This process of phono-semantic matching results in a lexicon containing only Zionic word forms, which exclude negative phonemes[5] from positive words and positive phonemes from negatively connoted words.
The purpose for favoring Zionic word forms over Babylonic word forms is to influence the speaker's cognition[6] through the structure of the dialect, with the intent to challenge colonial biases that may be inherent in the structures of English.
Features[edit]
Phonology[edit]
Iyaric shares phonological features with Jamaican Creole, with certain sounds, such as /a/, being stressed for the purpose of group identification distinct from Jamaican Creole.[7]
Consonants[edit]
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | tʃ | dʒ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ |
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | |||||
| Approximant/Lateral | ɹ | j | w | |||||||
| l | ||||||||||
Vowels[edit]
| Letter | IPA |
|---|---|
| i | i |
| e | ɛ |
| a | a |
| o | o |
| u | u |
Iformation[edit]
Iformation (a portmanteau of "I" and "transformation"[9]) is a process of morphological reanalysis that informs much of Iyaric's vocabulary. Iyaric speakers
Pronominal system[edit]
Iyaric's lexical departure from the pronominal system of Jamaican Creole is one of the dialect's defining features.[9][10] Linguistics researcher Benjamin Slade comments that Jamaican Creole and Standard English pronoun forms are all acceptable in Rasta Talk, but speakers almost always use the I-form of first-person pronouns, while I-form usage for second-person pronouns is less frequent.[9] He details his findings in the table below:
| Standard English | Jamaican Creole | Rasta Talk | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1sg | I / me / my | mi | I, Iman, (I and I)* … |
| 2sg | you / your | yu | de I, de Iman (thy) … |
| 3sg | he, she, it /
him, her, it / his, her, its |
im, (i, shi, ar) | (im, i, shi) … |
| 1pl | we / us / our | wi | I and I, (I, we) … |
| 2pl | you (all) / your | yu, unu | de Is, (unu) … |
| 3pl | they / them / their | dem | (dem, dey) … |
| *Forms in brackets are less common | |||
References[edit]
- ^ "Innovation in Jamaican Creole: The speech of Rastafari". Focus on the Caribbean. Görlach, Manfred., Holm, John A. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. 1986. pp. 157–166. ISBN 978-90-272-7913-2. OCLC 773813194.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Schrenk, Havenol M. (2015-08-28). 13. The positive-negative phenomenon and phono-semantic matching in Rasta Talk. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 271. doi:10.1515/9781614518525-015. ISBN 978-1-61451-852-5.
- ^ Pollard, Velma (1982). "The social history of Dread Talk". Caribbean Quarterly. 28 (4): 27. ISSN 0008-6495.
- ^ Slade, Benjamin (2018-01-01). "Overstanding Idren: Special features of Rasta Talk morphology". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages. 33 (2): 280–306. doi:10.1075/jpcl.00017.sla. ISSN 0920-9034.
- ^ Schrenk 2015, p. 283.
- ^ Pollard, Velma (2000). Dread talk : the language of Rastafari (Revised edition ed.). Barbados. pp. xiii. ISBN 978-0-7735-6828-0. OCLC 884280347.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Pollard, Velma (1982). "The social history of Dread Talk". Caribbean Quarterly. 28 (4): 17–40. ISSN 0008-6495.
- ^ a b Schrenk 2015, p. 277.
- ^ a b c d Slade, Benjamin (2018-01-01). "Overstanding Idren: Special features of Rasta Talk morphology". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages. 33 (2): 280–306. doi:10.1075/jpcl.00017.sla. ISSN 0920-9034.
- ^ Pollard, Velma (1980). "Dread Talk – The speech of the Rastafarian in Jamaica". Caribbean Quarterly. 26 (4): 32–41. ISSN 0008-6495.