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{{Short description|Region of New York}}

Downstate New York
Region
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in Staten Island
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in Staten Island
Shops in Montauk
Main Street, Montauk
Empire State Building in Manhattan
Empire State Building in Manhattan
The New Croton Dam
The New Croton Dam
Hudson River at Hook Mountain State Park
Hudson River at Hook Mountain State Park
Kaaterskill Falls
Kaaterskill Falls in the Catskill Mountains
Counties most recognized in the region (green); debated counties (gray)
Counties most recognized in the region (green); debated counties (gray)
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesNew York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Queens (Queens), Bronx (The Bronx), Richmond (Staten Island), Westchester, Dutchess, Orange, Ulster, Columbia, Greene, Rockland
Area
 • Total9,263.77 sq mi (23,993.1 km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern Daylight Time)
Part of a series on
Regions of New York
Downstate New York
Upstate New York
Administrative divisions
Timelines of town creation

Downstate New York is a region that generally consists of the southeastern and more densely populated portion of the U.S. state of New York, in contrast to Upstate New York, which comprises a larger geographic area with much sparser population distribution. While there is no widely agreed upon definition, the Downstate region, like Upstate New York, is considered to consist of several subregions, such as New York City, the Lower Hudson Valley—Westchester County and Rockland County, and Long Island. The New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) defines its "Downstate Region" as including Dutchess and Orange counties,[1] with other non-government organizations and colleges including Putnam County as well. Both agencies and the general public use varying definitions of the boundary between Upstate and Downstate.

Despite being a very small portion of the state's total land area, the Downstate region contains approximately two-thirds of New York's entire population. Its layout is largely urban and suburban, and constitutes New York State's portion of the New York metropolitan area, the world's largest urban landmass.[2][3] New York City, the most populous city in the United States, is home to the United Nations headquarters,[4] and has been described as the cultural,[5][6] financial,[7][8][9] and media capital of the world,[10][11] as well as the world's most economically powerful city,[12][7][13] and is sometimes described as the capital of the world. The Upstate New York region, conversely, which forms the vast majority of the state's land area, contains more undeveloped land, including forests and farmland.

Definition[edit]

While the official boundary between is not consistent or officially established by the Government of the State of New York,[14] the New York State Department of Transportation identifies the following as located within the "Downstate Region" of New York State: New York City—Manhattan (New York County), The Bronx (Bronx County), Brooklyn (Kings County), Queens (Queens County), and Staten Island (Richmond County)—the Suffolk and Nassau Counties of Long Island, and the lower Hudson River Valley—Westchester County, Rockland County, Dutchess County, and Orange County.[1] The State University of New York (SUNY) school system expands the term to Putnam County, Ulster County, Greene County, and Columbia County, neglecting what is usually considered the Capital District and wider Hudson River Valley.[15]

Other definitions include the New York Department of Environmental Conservation's description of Upstate New York as anything above the Bronx-Westchester border, and thus Downstate as anything below.[16] Another common definition locates the border between Upstate and Downstate where the New York City suburb style segues into exurbs, which generally matches with the Department of Transportation definition, while also including only one-third of Putnam County in Downstate New York.[17] This definition is corroborated by the SUNY's University at Albany school.[18]

While all of the above sources and organizations differ in their definition of Downstate New York, they remain consistent in their placement of New York City and Long Island in the region. However, Westchester, Dutchess, Orange, Rockland, Putnam, Columbia, Ulster, and Greene counties remain disputed.

History[edit]

Early history[edit]

While Upstate New York was inhabited by Iroquoians, Downstate was comprised of Algonquian tribes.

While Upstate New York was inhabited by Native American Iroquoians, Downstate was inhabited by Algonquian tribes.[19] Native Americans inhabited Downstate New York for many centuries prior to European arrival in the Americas. Since at least 10,500 BC, Greene County was inhabited by Native American peoples.[20] Columbia County and some parts of Greene County were inhabited by Mohicans,[21] more specifically the Wawyachtonoc and Wiekagjoc tribes.[22][23] Dutchess County was also home to the Wawyachtonoc tribe, as well as the Wappinger people.[24] The Wappinger people also held territory from Westchester and Putnam to Manhattan and the Bronx.[25] The Canopus group of the Wappinger tribe were the main occupants of Putnam County.[26]

The Lenni Lenape people inhabited the southern portion of Downstate New York, including Westchester County.[21] The Munsee subtribe were the original inhabitants of Orange County, living around the Minisink Valley area.[27] The Waoraneck and Warranawankong people lived in Ulster County[28] and the Tappan people lived in Rockland County.[29] The Lenape also inhabited the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island.[30][31][32] Long Island—Brooklyn, Queens, Nassau County, and Suffolk County—were inhabited by at least thirteen different tribes, such as the Shinnecock and Canarsee.[33]

European settlement[edit]

While sailing up the East Coast of the United States on April 17, 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano , under the Kingdom of France, sailed into through The Narrows and into the New York Harbor. This event marked not only the first European discovery of Downstate New York, but New York as a whole.[34][35] Verrazzano identified the area which he explored as New Angoulême https://france-amerique.com/when-new-york-was-called-angouleme/

Geography[edit]

Geographic divisions[edit]

Demographics[edit]

Economy[edit]

Culture[edit]

Politics[edit]

Historic events[edit]

Major highways[edit]

Major universities and colleges[edit]

Major tourist attractions and definitions[edit]

Official usage[edit]

One official usage of the term is by the State University of New York ("SUNY") system in the name of its southernmost medical school, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, located in East Flatbush, Brooklyn. The New York State Department of Transportation also uses the term.[36][1] The term is also used by the New York State Department of Corrections (“NYSDOC”) system in the name of its Downstate Correctional Facility in Fishkill, New York.

See also[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Downstate New York.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Downstate Region". New York State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  2. ^ "World's Largest Urban Areas [Ranked by Urban Area Population]". Rhett Butler. 2003–2006. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  3. ^ "Top 100 World Metropolitan Areas Ranked by Population". Baruch College of the City University of New York. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
  4. ^ "Office of the Mayor Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol". The City of New York. 2012. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  5. ^ "Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture". The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011. Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  6. ^ "New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... [et al.]". National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
  7. ^ a b "Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S." Business Insider, Inc. July 31, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2015. For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.
    "PAL sets introductory fares to New York". Philippine Airlines. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  8. ^ Jones, Huw (January 27, 2020). "New York surges ahead of Brexit-shadowed London in finance: survey". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2020. New York remains the world's top financial center, pushing London further into second place as Brexit uncertainty undermines the UK capital and Asian centers catch up, a survey from consultants Duff & Phelps said on Monday.
  9. ^ "GFCI 31 Rank - Long Finance". www.longfinance.net. Retrieved March 29, 2022.
  10. ^ Richter, Felix (March 11, 2015). "New York Is The World's Media Capital". Statista. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  11. ^ Ennis, Dawn (May 24, 2017). "ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  12. ^ Florida, Richard (March 3, 2015). "Sorry, London: New York Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City". Bloomberg.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2015. Our new ranking puts the Big Apple firmly on top.
  13. ^ Florida, Richard (May 8, 2012). "What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?". The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
  14. ^ "New York's laws, like its residents, can't pin down 'upstate'". politico.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  15. ^ "R-TEN and C-TEN Regional Structure". SUNY. State University of New York.
  16. ^ "Turkey Hunting Seasons - NYS Dept. Of Environmental Conservation". Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  17. ^ "NY Urbanized Area Maps : Area and Density" (PDF). Pad.human.cornell.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  18. ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan New York State: Population Change and Race-Ethnic Diversity 2000-2010". Lewis Mumford Center. Archived from the original on October 13, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  19. ^ Sturtevant, William C. (1991). "United States of America" (Map). National atlas. Indian tribes, cultures & languages. United States Geological Survey. LCCN 95682185. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  20. ^ "West Athens Hill Site". New York State Museum. University of the State of New York. n.d. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  21. ^ a b "Native American Tribes of New York". Native American Language Net. Native Languages of the Americas. n.d. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  22. ^ Trelease, Allen W.; Starna, William A. (1960). Indian Affairs in Colonial New York Indian Affairs in Colonial New York. University of Nebraska Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0803294318.
  23. ^ Hodge, Frederick Webb (1912). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  24. ^ "The Wappinger People". Native American Language Net. Mount Gulian Historical Society. n.d. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  25. ^ Sultzman, Lee (1997). "Wappinger History". Retrieved 14 January 2012.
  26. ^ "Early Settlers & Native Americans". Town of Putnam Valley New York. Town of Putnam Valley. n.d. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  27. ^ Booth, Malcom A. (n.d.). "A Short History of Orange County N.Y." (PDF). The Jacob T. Walden House. The Orange County Chamber Of Commerce, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  28. ^ "8,000 Years of Native American History and Culture". New York Heritage Digital Collections. Empire State Liberty Network. n.d. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  29. ^ Budke, George H. (1975). Indian Deeds, 1630 to 1748. Library Association of Rockland County. p. 18.
  30. ^ "The True Native New Yorkers Can Never Truly Reclaim Their Homeland". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
  31. ^ "The Lenape". Millstone Valley National Scenic Byway. Millstone Valley Preservation Coalition. n.d. Archived from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  32. ^ Cook, Sherburne Friend (1976). The Indian Population of New England in the Seventeenth Century. University of California Press. p. 60. ISBN 0-520-09553-7.
  33. ^ Whelan, Corey (October 10, 2016). "Explore Long Island's Native American Roots". CBS New York. CBS Broadcasting Inc. Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  34. ^ "The Discovery of New York". Castello di Verrazzano. Castello di Verrazzano. Archived from the original on May 30, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  35. ^ "The Personage". Castello di Verrazzano. Castello di Verrazzano. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 30, 2023. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  36. ^ "NYSDOT Contact Information". NYSDOT.


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