User:Sprilly/sandbox
Ethnic groups[edit]
Today, Estonia is an ethnically fairly diverse country, ranking 97th out of 239 countries and territories in 2001 study by Kok Kheng Yeoh.[1] In 2008, thirteen of Estonia's fifteen counties were over 80% ethnic Estonian. The counties with the highest percentage Estonians are Hiiu County (98.4%) and Saare County (98.3%). However, in Harju County (which includes the national capital, Tallinn) and Ida-Viru County, ethnic Estonians make up only 59.6% (55.0% in Tallinn) and 19.7% of the population, respectively. In those two counties, Russians account for 32.4% (36.4% in Tallinn) and 71.2% of the population, respectively. In the nation as a whole, Russians make up 24.8% of the total population.[2]
After gaining independence following World War I a population census was held in 1922 and 1934. At that time Estonians were still the predominant ethnic group, while all others constituted 12% of the population of Estonia.
Major Jewish communities were present in Estonia between 1918 and 1940 in Tallinn, Pärnu, Kilingi-Nõmme, Narva, Tartu, Valga, and Võru.[3]
| Ethnic group |
census 1897[4] | census 19221 | census 19341 | census 19592 | census 19703 | census 19794 | census 19895 | census 20006 | census 2011[5] | statistics 2021[6] | Change 2011-2021 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | % | |
| Estonians | 867,794 | 90.6 | 969,976 | 87.6 | 992,520 | 88.1 | 892,653 | 74.6 | 925,157 | 68.2 | 947,812 | 64.7 | 963,281 | 61.5 | 930,219 | 67.9 | 902,547 | 69.7 | 914,896 | 68.8 | 1.36 
|
| Russians | 37,599 | 3.9 | 91,109 | 8.2 | 92,656 | 8.2 | 240,227 | 20.1 | 334,620 | 24.7 | 408,778 | 27.9 | 474,834 | 30.3 | 351,178 | 25.6 | 326,235 | 25.2 | 322,700 | 24.2 | -1.08
|
| Ukrainians | 504 | 0.1 | — | 92 | 0.0 | 15,769 | 1.3 | 28,086 | 2.1 | 36,044 | 2.5 | 48,271 | 3.1 | 29,012 | 2.1 | 22,573 | 1.7 | 27,254 | 2.0 | 20.7
| |
| Belarusians | 272 | 0.0 | — | — | 10,930 | 0.9 | 18,732 | 1.4 | 23,461 | 1.6 | 27,711 | 1.8 | 17,241 | 1.3 | 12,579 | 1.0 | 11,485 | 0.8 | -8.69
| ||
| Finns | 362 | 0.0 | 401 | 0.0 | 1,088 | 0.1 | 16,699 | 1.4 | 18,537 | 1.4 | 17,753 | 1.2 | 16,622 | 1.1 | 11,837 | 0.9 | 7,589 | 0.6 | 8,479 | 0.6 | 11.72
|
| Latvians | 5,470 | 0.6 | 1,966 | 0.2 | 5,435 | 0.5 | 2,888 | 0.2 | 3,286 | 0.2 | 3,963 | 0.3 | 3,135 | 0.2 | 2,330 | 0.2 | 1,764 | 0.1 | 3,572 | 0.3 | 102.49
|
| Germans | 33,362 | 3.5 | 18,319 | 1.7 | 16,346 | 1.5 | 670 | 0.1 | 7,850 | 0.6 | 3,944 | 0.3 | 3,466 | 0.2 | 1,870 | 0.1 | 1,544 | 0.1 | 2,570 | 0.2 | 66.45
|
| Lithuanians | 44 | 0.0 | 436 | 0.0 | 253 | 0.0 | 1,616 | 0.1 | 2,356 | 0.2 | 2,379 | 0.2 | 2,568 | 0.2 | 2,116 | 0.2 | 1,727 | 0.1 | 2,057 | 0.1 | 19.10
|
| Tatars | 36 | 0.0 | — | 166 | 0.0 | 1,534 | 0.1 | 2,204 | 0.2 | 3,195 | 0.2 | 4,058 | 0.3 | 2,582 | 0.2 | 1,993 | 0.2 | 1,937 | 0.1 | 2.81
| |
| Jews | 3,837 | 0.4 | 4,566 | 0.4 | 4,434 | 0.4 | 5,433 | 0.5 | 5,282 | 0.4 | 4,954 | 0.3 | 4,613 | 0.3 | 2,145 | 0.2 | 1,973 | 0.2 | 1,898 | 0.1 | 3.81
|
| Poles | 1,941 | 0.2 | 969 | 0.1 | 1,608 | 0.1 | 2,256 | 0.2 | 2,651 | 0.2 | 2,897 | 0.2 | 3,008 | 0.2 | 2,193 | 0.2 | 1,664 | 0.1 | 1,745 | 0.1 | 4.87
|
| Swedes | 6,083 | 0.6 | 7,850 | 0.7 | 7,641 | 0.7 | — | 435 | 0.0 | 254 | 0.0 | 297 | 0.0 | 300 | 0.0 | 380 | 0.0 | — | — | ||
| Other | 1,047 | 0.1 | 11,467 | 1.0 | 4,266 | 0.4 | 6,116 | 0.5 | 6,883 | 0.5 | 9,042 | 0.6 | 13,798 | 0.9 | 19,174 | 1.4 | 11,887 | 0.9 | 24 336 | 1.8 | 104.73
|
| Total | 958,351 | 1,107,059 | 1,126,413 | 1,196,791 | 1,356,079 | 1,464,476 | 1,565,662 | 1,370,052 | 1,294,455 | 1 330 068 | |||||||||||
As a result of the Soviet occupation from 1944 to 1991 and Soviet policies, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61.5% in 1989, compared to 88% in 1934.[7] But in the decade following the restoration of independence, large scale emigration by ethnic Russians, as well as ethnic groups of other former Soviet countries, and the removal of the Russian military bases in 1994 caused the proportion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61.5% in 1989 to 68.7% in 2008. In the same period the proportion of ethnic Russians decreased from 30.0% to 25.6%, the proportion of ethnic Ukrainians decreased from 3.1% to 2.1%, and the proportion of ethnic Belarusians decreased from 1.8% to 1.2%.[2][7]
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As of 2008, the largest ethnic groups in Estonia are Estonians (68.7%), Russians (25.6%), Ukrainians (2.1%), Belarusians (1.2%), and Finns (0.8%). These five groups made up 98.4% of Estonia's population.[2]
- ^ "TOWARDS AN INDEX OF ETHNIC FRACTIONALIZATION" (PDF). University of Malaya. 2008-10-17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
- ^ a b c "Population by sex, ethnic nationality and county, 1 January". Statistics Estonia. 2008-10-17. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 6. 1971.
- ^ "Demoscope Weekly - Annex. Statistical indicators reference". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- ^ "Ethnic nationality. Mother tongue and command of foreign languages. Dialects". pub.stat.ee.
- ^ "Population by sex, ethnic nationality and county". stat.ee.
- ^ a b Eesti rahvastik rahvaloenduste andmetel (Population of Estonia by population censuses) (PDF) (in Estonian and English). Vol. 2. Eesti Statistikaamet (Statistical Office of Estonia). 1996. ISBN 9985-826-44-2. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ "Citizenship". Estonia.eu. 2010-07-02. Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2010-08-20.