User:SilverStar54/Guangzhou Uprising

This page is about the 1927 Communist-led uprising. For the 1895 uprising against the Qing, see First Guangzhou Uprising. For the April 1911 revolt, see Second Guangzhou Uprising.

Guangzhou Uprising
Part of Chinese Civil War
Communist casualties
Date 11–13 December 1927 Location Guangzhou, Republic of China Result Government victory; the uprising is crushed but encourages further uprisings across China.
Belligerents
Chinese Communist Party Supported by: Soviet Union Comintern	Republic of China
Commanders and leaders
Zhang Tailei † Ye Ting Ye Jianying Xu Xiangqian Heinz Neumann	Zhang Fakui
Units involved
	National Revolutionary Army (NRA)
Strength
20,000 armed workers and soldiers	15,000 soldiers; later reinforced by 5 divisions
Casualties and losses
5,700	heavy

SilverStar54/Guangzhou Uprising
Traditional Chinese	廣州起義
Simplified Chinese	广州起义
Cantonese Yale	Gwóngjàu Héiyih
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Gǔangzhōu Qǐyì Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Gwóngjàu Héiyih

Background

During the mid-1920s, Guangdong province was governed by the First United Front between the Kuomintang (KMT or Nationalists) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Most other Chinese provinces were controlled by one of the many warlord factions that were more-or-less hostile to both Communists and Nationalists. Guangzhou, Guangdong's provincial capital, was thus a major center of revolutionary activity for both parties.

Soviet policy in China

The policy of the Soviet Union towards the situation in China was extremely important during the mid-1920s.

Legacy and assessment

Trotsky condemned the attempt to erect a soviet as premature adventurism that would set back the revolutionary process in China. Instead, he thought that the correct "slogan" given the circumstances was to call for convoking the National Assembly.

Later Maoist analysis attributed the failure of the Guangzhou Uprising to its failure to effectively coordinate with Peng Pai's Hailufeng Soviet and gain the support of local peasants. It was contrasted with the Autumn Harvest Uprising, which served as a model of soldier-peasant cooperation.

See also

• Paris Commune

Bibliography

• Zarrow, Peter (2005). China in War and Revolution 1895-1949. New York City: Routledge.
• Saich, Tony (2020). Finding Allies and Making Revolution: The Early Years of the Chinese Communist Party. Boston: Brill.
• van de Ven, Hans J. (1991). From Friend to Comrade: The Founding of the Chinese Communist Party, 1920-1927. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
• Thomas, S. Bernard (1975). “Proletarian Hegemony” in the Chinese Revolution and the Canton Commune of 1927. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies at The University of Michigan.
• Han, Xiaorong (2005). Chinese Discourses on the Peasant, 1900-1949. Albany: State University of New York Press.
• Pantsov, Alexander (2000). The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution, 1919-1927. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
• Chan, Ming K. (2002). "The realpolitik and legacy of labor activism and popular mobilization in 1920s Greater Canton". In Leutner, Mechthild; Felber, Roland; Titarenko, Mikhail L.; Grigoriev, Alexander M. (eds.). The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s: Between Triumph and Disaster. New York City: RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 187–121.
• Chan, Lau Kit-ching (1999). From Nothing to Nothing: The Chinese Communist Movement and Hong Kong, 1921–1936. Hong Kong: C. Hurst & Co.
• Dirlik, Arif (1 October 1997), "Narrativizing Revolution: The Guangzhou Uprising (11–13 December 1927) in Workers' Perspective", Modern China
• Hsiao, Tso-Liang (April–June 1967). "Chinese Communism and the Canton Soviet of 1927". The China Quarterly (30): 49–78. JSTOR 651862.
• Jowett, Philip S. (2013). China's Wars. Rousing the Dragon 1894–1949. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-1782004073.
• Jowett, Philip S. (2014). The Armies of Warlord China 1911–1928. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0764343452.
• Tsin, Michael T. W. (1999). Nation, Governance, and Modernity in China: Canton, 1900–1927. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.