el box[edit]

15887 43.86%

superintendent[edit]

Chairman and Superintendent of Schools[edit]

Portrait	Officeholder	Tenure start	Tenure end
	J. Lancaster Brent	July 26, 1853	May 4, 1854

City Superintendent of Common Schools[edit]

Officeholder	Tenure start	Tenure end
Stephen C. Foster	May 4, 1854	May 9, 1855
William B. Osburn	May 9, 1855	May 7, 1856
John S. Griffin	June 2, 1856	May 6, 1857
J. Lancaster Brent	May 6, 1857	May 10, 1858
E. J. C. Kewen	May 10, 1858	May 9, 1859
William E. Boardman	June 6, 1859	March 5, 1862
A. F. Hinchman	March 5, 1862	July 7, 1862
James H. Lander	July 7, 1862	February 2, 1863
J. F. Mellus	February 2, 1863	May 9, 1863
Gustavus L. Mix	June 1, 1863	May 5, 1864
Russel F. Hayes	May 5, 1864	May 6, 1865
Elias Birdsall	May 5, 1865	September 4, 1865
Joseph Huber Sr.	May 10, 1866	May 8, 1867

Superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District[edit]

Officeholder	Tenure start	Tenure end
Ramón C. Cortines	January 15, 2000	June 7, 2000
Roy Romer	June 7, 2000	November 13, 2006
David L. Brewer III	November 13, 2006	December 10, 2008
Ramón C. Cortines	December 10, 2008	April 15, 2011
John Deasy	April 15, 2011	October 15, 2014
Ramón C. Cortines	October 15, 2014	January 11, 2016
Michelle King	January 11, 2016	January 10, 2018
Vivian Ekchian	January 10, 2018	May 1, 2018
Austin Beutner	May 1, 2018	June 30, 2021
Megan K. Reilly	June 30, 2021	February 14, 2022
Alberto M. Carvalho	February 14, 2022	Incumbent

district[edit]

No.	Officeholder		Tenure start	Tenure end
38	Ira Reiner	Democratic	December 2, 1984	December 7, 1992
39	Ira Reiner	Democratic	December 2, 1984	December 7, 1992
40	Gil Garcetti	Democratic	December 7, 1992	December 4, 2000
41	Steve Cooley	Republican	December 4, 2000	December 3, 2012
42	Jackie Lacey	Democratic	December 3, 2012	December 7, 2020
43	George Gascón	Democratic	December 7, 2020	Incumbent

la mayor[edit]

No.	Name	Term in office	Length of service		Election	Previous office
1	Alpheus P. Hodges (1821–1858; aged 37)	July 1, 1850 – May 7, 1851 (retired)	340 days	Democratic	1850	None
2	Benjamin D. Wilson (1811–1878; aged 66)	May 7, 1851 – May 4, 1852 (retired)	363 days	Democratic	1851	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1850–1851)
3	John G. Nichols (1812-1898; aged 85)	May 4, 1852 – May 3, 1853 (retired)	364 days	Democratic	1852	Los Angeles City Recorder (1850–1851)
4	Antonio F. Coronel (1817–1894; aged 76)	May 3, 1853 – May 4, 1854 (retired)	1 year, 1 day	Democratic	1853	1st Los Angeles County Assessor (1850–1853)
5	Stephen C. Foster (1820–1898; aged 77)	May 4, 1854 – January 13, 1855 (resigned)^[c]	254 days	Democratic	1854	Member of the Los Angeles Board of Education (1853–1854)
5	Stephen C. Foster (1820–1898; aged 77)	January 25, 1855 – May 9, 1855	138 days	Democratic	1855 sp	Mayor of Los Angeles (1854–1855)
6	Thomas Foster (unknown birth or death)	May 9, 1855 – May 7, 1856 (retired)	364 days	Democratic	1855	Member of the Board of Education School Commission (1860–1862)
(5)	Stephen C. Foster (1820-1898; aged 77)	May 7, 1856 – September 22, 1856 (resigned)^[d]	138 days	Democratic	1856	Mayor of Los Angeles (1855)
(3)	John G. Nichols (1812-1898; aged 85)	October 4, 1856 – May 9, 1859	2 years, 217 days	Democratic	1856 sp 1857 1858	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1855–1856)
7	Damien Marchesseault (1818–1868; aged 49)	May 9, 1859 – May 9, 1860	1 year	Democratic	1859	None
8	Henry Mellus (1816–1860; aged 44)	May 9, 1860 – December 26, 1860 (died in office)^[e]	231 days	Democratic	1860	None
(7)	Damien Marchesseault (1818–1868; aged 49)	January 7, 1861 – May 5, 1865	4 years, 119 days	Democratic	1861 sp 1861 1862 1863 1864	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1860)
9	José Mascarel (1816–1899; aged 83)	May 5, 1865 – May 10, 1866 (retired)	1 year, 5 days	Republican	1865	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1864–1865)
10	Cristobal Aguilar (1816–1886; aged 70)	May 10, 1866 – May 8, 1867 (unseated)^[f]	363 days	Democratic	1866	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1861–1862)
(7)	Damien Marchesseault (1818–1868; aged 49)	May 8, 1867 – August 8, 1867 (unseated)^[f]	92 days	Democratic	1867	Zanjero of Los Angeles (1866–1867)
(10)	Cristobal Aguilar (1816–1886; aged 70)	August 8, 1867 – December 7, 1868 (lost re-election)	1 year, 121 days	Democratic	1867	Mayor of Los Angeles (1866–1867)
11	Joel Turner (1820–1888; aged 68)	December 9, 1868 – December 9, 1870 (retired)	2 years	Democratic	1868 1869	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1862–1864)
(10)	Cristobal Aguilar (1816–1886; aged 70)	December 9, 1870 – December 5, 1872 (lost re-election)	1 year, 362 days	Democratic	1870 1871	Mayor of Los Angeles (1867–1868)
12	James R. Toberman (1836–1911; aged 75)	December 5, 1872 – December 18, 1874	2 years, 13 days	Democratic	1872 1873	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1870)
13	Prudent Beaudry (1819–1893; aged 74)	December 18, 1874 – December 8, 1876	1 year, 356 days	Democratic	1874 1875	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1871–1874)
14	Frederick A. MacDougall (1818–1878)	December 8, 1876 – November 16, 1878 (died in office)	1 year, 348 days	Democratic	1876 1877	None
15	Bernard Cohn (1835–1889; aged 53)	November 21, 1878 – December 5, 1878 (lost re-election)	14 days	Democratic	1876 1877	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1876–1878)
(12)	James R. Toberman (1836–1911; aged 75)	December 5, 1878 – December 9, 1882	4 years, 4 days	Democratic	1878 1879 1880 1881	Mayor of Los Angeles (1872–1874)
16	Cameron E. Thom (1825–1915; aged 89)	December 9, 1882 – December 9, 1884 (lost re-election)	2 years	Democratic	1882 1883	15th Los Angeles County District Attorney (1877–1879)
17	Edward F. Spence (1832–1892; aged 59)	December 9, 1884 – December 14, 1886	2 years, 5 days	Republican	1884 1885	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1879–1881)
18	William H. Workman (1839–1918; aged 79)	December 14, 1886 – December 10, 1888	1 year, 362 days	Democratic	1886 1887	Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1878–1880)
19	John Bryson (1852–1915; aged 63)	December 10, 1888 – February 25, 1889 (lost re-election)	77 days	Democratic	1888	Member of the Board of Police Commissioners (1890–1891)
20	Henry T. Hazard (1844–1921; aged 77)	February 25, 1889 – December 5, 1892	3 years, 291 days	Republican	1889 1890	Member of the Los Angeles Board of Freeholders (1887–1888)
21	Thomas E. Rowan (1842–1901; aged 59)	December 12, 1892 – December 12, 1894 (lost re-election)	2 years	Democratic	1892	8th Los Angeles City Treasurer (1868–1870)
22	Frank Rader (1848–1897; aged 48)	December 12, 1894 – December 16, 1896 (retired)	2 years, 4 days	Republican	1894	Member of the Los Angeles Street Commission (1890–1894)
23	Meredith P. Snyder (1859–1937; aged 77)	December 16, 1896 – December 15, 1898 (lost re-election)	1 year, 364 days	Democratic	1896	Member of the Los Angeles City Council (1894–1896)
24	Frederick Eaton (1856–1934; aged 78)	December 15, 1898 – December 12, 1900 (retired)	1 year, 362 days	Republican	1898	Los Angeles City Engineer (1889–1890)
(23)	Meredith P. Snyder (1859–1937; aged 77)	December 12, 1900 – December 8, 1904 (lost re-election)	3 years, 362 days	Democratic	1900 1902	Mayor of Los Angeles (1896–1898)
25	Owen McAleer (1858–1944; aged 86)	December 8, 1904 – December 13, 1906 (retired)	2 years, 5 days	Republican	1904	Member of the Los Angeles City Council (1902–1904)
26	Arthur C. Harper (1866–1948; aged 82)	December 13, 1906 – March 11, 1909 (resigned)	2 years, 88 days	Democratic	1906	Member of the Los Angeles Charter Revision Committee (1906)
27	William Stephens (1859–1944; aged 84)	March 15, 1909 – March 26, 1909 (retired)	11 days	Republican	1906	Member of the Los Angeles Board of Education (1906)
28	George Alexander (1839–1923; aged 83)	March 26, 1909 – July 1, 1913 (retired)	4 years, 97 days	Republican	1909 sp 1909 1911	Member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (1901–1909)
29	Henry H. Rose (1856–1923; aged 67)	July 1, 1913 – July 1, 1915 (retired)	2 years	Independent	1913	Judge of the Los Angeles Police Judges (1905–1913)
30	Charles E. Sebastian (1873–1929; aged 56)	July 1, 1915 – September 2, 1916 (resigned)	1 year, 63 days	Democratic	1915	Chief of the Los Angeles Police Department (1911–1915)
31	Frederic T. Woodman (1871–1949; aged 77)	September 5, 1916 – July 1, 1919 (lost re-election)	2 years, 299 days	Republican	1917	Member of the Los Angeles Harbor Commission (1902–1916)
(23)	Meredith P. Snyder (1859–1937; aged 77)	July 1, 1919 – July 1, 1921 (lost re-election)	2 years	Democratic	1919	Commissioner of the Los Angeles Ethics Commission (1913–1917)
32	George E. Cryer (1875–1961; aged 86)	July 1, 1921 – July 1, 1929 (retired)	8 years	Republican	1921 1923 1925	Chief Los Angeles County District Attorney (1915–1919)
33	John C. Porter (1871–1959; aged 88)	July 1, 1929 – July 1, 1933 (lost re-election)	4 years	Democratic	1929	None
34	Frank L. Shaw (1877–1958; aged 80)	July 1, 1933 – September 26, 1938 (recalled from office)	5 years, 87 days	Republican	1933 1937	Member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (1928–1933)
35	Fletcher Bowron (1887–1968; aged 81)	September 26, 1938 – July 1, 1953 (lost re-election)	14 years, 278 days	Republican	1938 1941 1945 1949	Judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court (1926–1938)
36	Norris Poulson (1895–1982; aged 82)	July 1, 1953 – July 1, 1961 (lost re-election)	8 years	Republican	1953 1957	U.S. Representative for California (1947–1953)
37	Sam Yorty (1909–1998; aged 88)	July 1, 1961 – July 1, 1973 (lost re-election)	12 years	Democratic	1961 1965 1969	U.S. Representative for California (1951–1955)
38	Tom Bradley (1917–1998; aged 80)	July 1, 1973 – July 1, 1993 (retired)	20 years	Democratic	1973 1977 1981 1985 1989	Member of the Los Angeles City Council (1963–1973)
39	Richard Riordan (1930–2023; aged 92)	July 1, 1993 – July 1, 2001 (term limited)	8 years	Republican	1993 1997	Member of the Board of Recreation and Parks Commissioners (1987–1992)
40	James Hahn (born 1950; age 73)	July 1, 2001 – July 1, 2005 (lost re-election)	4 years	Democratic	2001	15th Los Angeles City Attorney (1985–2001)
41	Antonio Villaraigosa (born 1953; age 71)	July 1, 2005 – July 1, 2013 (term limited)	8 years	Democratic	2005 2009	Member of the Los Angeles City Council (2003–2005)
42	Eric Garcetti (born 1971; age 53)	July 1, 2013 – December 11, 2022 (term limited)	9 years, 163 days	Democratic	2013 2017	Member of the Los Angeles City Council (2001–2013)
43	Karen Bass (born 1953; age 70)	December 12, 2022 – present (incumbent)	1 year, 143 days	Democratic	2022	U.S. Representative for California (2011–2022)

Notes

^ Officially nonpartisan
^ In 1909, Los Angeles adopted a nonpartisan form of government, with the office and mayoral elections being officially nonpartisan since then.^[1]
^ Foster resigned as Mayor to help lead a lynch mob against David Brown, a man who had killed one of Foster's friends and was given a stay of execution by the California Supreme Court.^[2] Manuel Requena, the President of the City Council, was the acting mayor in his absence.^[3] Foster was then re-elected via a special election.^[4]
^ Foster resigned a second time in order to act as executor for the estate of Isaac Williams, the owner of Rancho Santa Ana del Chino and his brother-in-law.^[5] City Council president Manuel Requena served as acting mayor until a special election could be held.^[6]
^ Mellus died after a severe illness. Council president Wallace Woodworth became acting mayor until a special election could be held.
^ ^a ^b Aguilar was unseated for three months by Zanjero Damien Marchesseault, who was considered more important at the time due to risks of drought and flooding. Aguilar was reinstated as Mayor in August 8, 1867 and served the remainder of his term.

city attorney[edit]

No.	Portrait	Officeholder
1		Benjamin Hayes		Democratic	July 3, 1850	May 7, 1851
2		William G. Dryden		Democratic	May 7, 1851	May 4, 1852
3		J. Lancaster Brent		Democratic	May 4, 1852	May 4, 1853
4		Charles E. Carr	May 4, 1853	October 30, 1853
5		J. Lancaster Brent		Democratic	October 31, 1853	May 4, 1854
6		Isaac Hartman	May 4, 1854	May 9, 1855
7		Lewis Granger		Democratic	May 9, 1855	May 7, 1856
8		Cameron E. Thom		Democratic
9	James H. Lader
10	Samuel F. Reynolds
11	James H. Lader
12		Myer J. Newmark		Democratic	May 7, 1862	September 15, 1862
13		Alfred Chapman	September 15, 1862	May 10, 1866
14	James H. Lader
15		Andrew J. King		Democratic
16		Charles H. Larrabee		Democratic	April 6, 1868	December 7, 1868
17		William McPherson	December 9, 1868	December 9, 1869
18		Frank H. Howard		Democratic
19		Aurelius W. Hutton		Democratic	December 4, 1873
20		John F. Godfrey
21		Henry T. Hazard		Republican	December 11, 1880
22	Walter D. Stephenson
23		James W. McKinley		Republican
24	J. C. Daly		Democratic
25	Charles H. McFarland
26		William E. Dunn		Republican
27		Walter F. Haas		Republican
28		W. B. Mathews		Republican
29		Leslie R. Hewitt		Republican
30		John W. Shenk		Democratic
31		Albert L. Stephens		Democratic
32		Charles S. Burnell		Republican	July 1, 1919
33		Jess E. Stephens		Republican	January 3, 1921	June 30, 1929
34		Erwin P. Werner		Democratic	July 1, 1929	June 30, 1933
35		Ray L. Chesebro		Democratic	July 1, 1933	June 30, 1953
36		Roger Arnebergh		Republican	July 1, 1953	June 27, 1973
37		Burt Pines		Democratic	July 1, 1973	June 30, 1981
38		Ira Reiner		Democratic	July 1, 1981	December 2, 1984
39		James Hahn		Democratic	July 1, 1985	June 30, 2001
40		Rocky Delgadillo		Democratic	July 1, 2001	June 30, 2009
41		Carmen Trutanich		Independent	July 1, 2009	June 30, 2013
42		Mike Feuer		Democratic	July 1, 2013	December 11, 2022
43		Hydee F. Soto		Democratic	December 12, 2022	present

^ "LOS ANGELES: STRUCTURE OF A CITY GOVERNMENT" (PDF). League of Women Voters.
^ "The Hidden History of LA: The mayor who helped lynch a man". KPCC.
^ Rasmussen, Cecilia (May 18, 2005). "From the 19th Century, a Look at City's Past Latino Mayors". Los Angeles Times.
^ Spitzzeri, Paul R. (August 8, 2021). "Stephen Clark Foster's Recollections of "Los Angeles on the Eve of the Gold Rush," Part II, in "Touring Topics," August 1929". Homestead Museum.
^ Chronological Record of Los Angeles City Officials: 1850—1938, Compiled under Direction of Municipal Reference Library City Hall, Los Angeles, March 1938 (Reprinted 1966)
^ "The Four Latino Mayors of Los Angeles". HispanicVista. May 23, 2005. Archived from the original on September 1, 2007.

lacc pres[edit]

No.	Officeholder		Term start	Term end	Pro Tem.	Asst. Pro Tem.	Mayor
1	Jacob Frankenfield 5th–South Park (1838–1914)	Republican	February 25, 1889	December 5, 1890	Office did not exist	Office did not exist	Henry T. Hazard
2	William H. Bonsall 3rd–University Park (1846–1905)	Republican	December 5, 1890	December 12, 1892			Henry T. Hazard
3	Freeman G. Teed 5th–South Park (1851–1916)	Republican	December 12, 1892	December 12, 1894			Thomas E. Rowan
3	Freeman G. Teed 5th–South Park (1851–1916)	Republican	December 12, 1894	December 16, 1896			Frank Rader
4	Herman Silver 4th–Westlake (1831–1913)	Republican	December 16, 1896	December 15, 1898			Meredith P. Snyder
4	Herman Silver 4th–Westlake (1831–1913)	Republican	December 15, 1898	December 12, 1900			Frederick Eaton
5	Pomeroy W. Powers 4th–Alvarado Terrace (1852–1916)	Republican	December 12, 1900	December 5, 1902			Meredith P. Snyder
6	William M. Bowen 5th–University Park (1862–1937)	Republican	December 5, 1902	December 8, 1904			Meredith P. Snyder
7	Theodore Summerland 4th–Alvarado Terrace (1853–1919)	Republican	December 8, 1904	December 13, 1906			Owen McAleer
8	Niles Pease 4th–Westlake (1838–1921)	Republican	December 13, 1906	December 10, 1909			Arthur C. Harper
							William Stephens
							George Alexander
9	John D. Works At-large–Adams-Normandie (1838–1921)	Republican	December 10, 1909	March 22, 1910
10	Robert M. Lusk At-large–Boyle Heights (1851–1913)	Republican	March 22, 1910	February 21, 1913
11	George Williams At-large–University Park (1860–1948)	Republican	February 26, 1913	July 1, 1913
12	Frederick J. Whiffen At-large–xxxx (1848–1929)	Republican	July 1, 1913	July 1, 1915			Henry H. Rose
13	Martin F. Betkouski At-large–Hollywood (1860–1942)	Democratic	July 1, 1915	July 1, 1917			Charles E. Sebastian
13	Martin F. Betkouski At-large–Hollywood (1860–1942)	Democratic	July 1, 1915	July 1, 1917			Frederic T. Woodman
14	James S. Conwell At-large–Mid-Wilshire (1859–1917)	Independent	July 1, 1917	December 15, 1917
15	Bert L. Farmer At-large–Mid-Wilshire (1875–1939)	Republican	January 3, 1918	July 7, 1919
16	Boyle Workman At-large–Mid-Wilshire (1868–1942)	Democratic	July 7, 1919	July 7, 1921			Meredith P. Snyder
17	Ralph L. Criswell At-large–Vermont Square (1861–1947)	Republican	July 7, 1921	July 1, 1923			George E. Cryer
18	Boyle Workman At-large–Mid-Wilshire^[a] 4th–Mid-Wilshire (1868–1942)	Democratic	July 1, 1923	June 30, 1925
18		Democratic	June 30, 1925	June 30, 1927
19	William G. Bonelli 14th–Eagle Rock (1895–1970)	Republican	July 5, 1927	June 30, 1929
20	Winfred J. Sanborn 9th–Boyle Heights (1869–1947)	Republican	July 1, 1929	June 30, 1931			John C. Porter
21	Charles H. Randall 1st–Sun Valley (1865–1951)	Prohibition	July 1, 1931	June 30, 1933			John C. Porter
22	Howard W. Davis 7th–Vermont Square (1865–1951)	Republican	July 1, 1933	June 30, 1935			Frank L. Shaw
23	Robert L. Burns 4th–Wilshire Center (1876–1955)	Republican	July 1, 1935	June 30, 1941			Frank L. Shaw
23	Robert L. Burns 4th–Wilshire Center (1876–1955)	Republican	July 1, 1935	June 30, 1941			Fletcher Bowron
24	G. Vernon Bennett 10th–University Park (1880–1968)	Democratic	July 1, 1941	June 30, 1943
25	Robert L. Burns 4th–Wilshire Center (1876–1955)	Republican	July 1, 1943	June 30, 1945
26	George H. Moore 15th–Wilmington (1871–1958)	Democratic	July 1, 1945	June 30, 1947
27	Harold A. Henry 4th–Windsor Square (1895–1966)	Republican	July 1, 1947	June 30, 1953
28	John S. Gibson Jr. 15th–San Pedro (1895–1966)	Democratic	June 30, 1953	June 30, 1961
29	Harold A. Henry 4th–Windsor Square (1895–1966)	Republican	July 1, 1961	June 30, 1963
30	L. E. Timberlake 6th–Gramercy Park (1896–1973)	Democratic	July 1, 1963	June 30, 1969
31	John S. Gibson Jr. 15th–San Pedro (1895–1966)	Democratic	July 1, 1969	June 30, 1977
32	John Ferraro 4th–Hancock Park (1924–2001)	Democratic	July 1, 1977	June 30, 1981
33	Joel Wachs 4th–Hancock Park (1924–2001)	Republican	June 30, 1981	June 30, 1983
34	Pat Russell 6th–Westchester (1923–2021)	Democratic	July 1, 1983	June 30, 1987
35	John Ferraro 4th–Hancock Park (1924–2001)	Democratic	July 1, 1987	April 17, 2001
36	Ruth Galanter 6th–Venice (born 1941)	Democratic	April 17, 2001	July 1, 2001
37	Alex Padilla 7th–Pacoima (born 1973)	Democratic	July 1, 2001	January 1, 2006
38	Eric Garcetti 7th–Pacoima (born 1971)	Democratic	January 1, 2006	January 2, 2012
39	Herb Wesson 10th–Mid City (born 1951)	Democratic	January 2, 2012	January 5, 2020
40	Nury Martinez 6th–Sun Valley (born 1973)	Democratic	January 5, 2020	October 10, 2022
41	Paul Krekorian 2nd–Toluca Lake (born 1960)	Democratic	October 18, 2022	Present

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] Officially nonpartisan

[3] In 1909, Los Angeles adopted a nonpartisan form of government, with the office and mayoral elections being officially nonpartisan since then.^[1]

[lynchmob-7] Foster resigned as Mayor to help lead a lynch mob against David Brown, a man who had killed one of Foster's friends and was given a stay of execution by the California Supreme Court.^[2] Manuel Requena, the President of the City Council, was the acting mayor in his absence.^[3] Foster was then re-elected via a special election.^[4]

[10] Foster resigned a second time in order to act as executor for the estate of Isaac Williams, the owner of Rancho Santa Ana del Chino and his brother-in-law.^[5] City Council president Manuel Requena served as acting mayor until a special election could be held.^[6]

[11] Mellus died after a severe illness. Council president Wallace Woodworth became acting mayor until a special election could be held.

[unseated-12] Aguilar was unseated for three months by Zanjero Damien Marchesseault, who was considered more important at the time due to risks of drought and flooding. Aguilar was reinstated as Mayor in August 8, 1867 and served the remainder of his term.

[nonpartisan-2] "LOS ANGELES: STRUCTURE OF A CITY GOVERNMENT" (PDF). League of Women Voters.

[4] "The Hidden History of LA: The mayor who helped lynch a man". KPCC.

[5] Rasmussen, Cecilia (May 18, 2005). "From the 19th Century, a Look at City's Past Latino Mayors". Los Angeles Times.

[6] Spitzzeri, Paul R. (August 8, 2021). "Stephen Clark Foster's Recollections of "Los Angeles on the Eve of the Gold Rush," Part II, in "Touring Topics," August 1929". Homestead Museum.

[ChronologicalRecord-8] Chronological Record of Los Angeles City Officials: 1850—1938, Compiled under Direction of Municipal Reference Library City Hall, Los Angeles, March 1938 (Reprinted 1966)

[9] "The Four Latino Mayors of Los Angeles". HispanicVista. May 23, 2005. Archived from the original on September 1, 2007.

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[a]