User:OtharLuin/sandbox2
日本相撲連盟 | |
Nihon Sumō Renmei | |
 | |
| Formation | 1946 |
|---|---|
| Type | Nonprofit |
| Legal status | Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Sports governing body |
| Purpose | Organization of sumo tournaments and promotion of amateur sumo. |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 35°42′04″N 139°41′56″E / 35.70102°N 139.69901°E |
Region served |  Japan |
Official language | Japanese |
President | Minami Kazufumi |
| see below | |
| Subsidiaries | Japan Women's Sumo Federation |
| Website | http://www.nihonsumo-renmei.jp/index.html (in Japanese) |
The Japan Sumo Federation (Japanese: 日本相撲連盟, Hepburn: Nihon Sumō Renmei), sometimes abbreviated JSF or NSR, is the body that operates and controls amateur sumo wrestling (amazumō, アマチュア相撲) in Japan. The Federation oversees local federations, students and business groups in the 47 prefectures nationwide.[1] Contrary to professional sumo (大相撲, ōzumō), amateur sumo has a dan system, and the task of the Federation is mainly to determine the ranks of amateur wrestlers. The winners of the national tournaments held by the Federation are called "amateur yokozuna".
The purposes of the Federation are also to develop the overall organization of amateur tournaments by holding workshops on sumo and training instructors. The JSF is the representative for sumo on the Japan Sports Association and the Japanese Olympic Committee.[2]
History[edit]
Aside from professional sumo, amateur sumo began to be performed as a sport for physical education in the mid-Meiji period. In the meantime, the navy and the army encouraged the practice of sumo as a physical exercise for soldiers.[3] Stimulated by the prosperity of professional sumo, students began to practice sumo in a more competitive way, inviting former professional sumo wrestlers as coaches to practice the basics. Student sumo tournaments flourished in Tokyo and the Kansai region.[4] In 1912, a student sumo tournament was held for the first time in Hamadera (a now dissolved municipality in Osaka). This tournament gradually grew in scale, and finally in November 1919, the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun sponsored the first All-Japan Junior High School Sumo Tournament for two days at Ohama Park in Sakai. The following year, in 1920, student sumo began to be held within the same proportion in Kanto and Kansai alike, both competing against each other for the dominance of universities in the east and west. Student federations were formed and became popular.[4]
With the rise of amateur sumo wrestling, there was a growing tendency to incorporate sumo into the physical education of students. It became customary to travel in Japan and participate in student sumo tournaments. At the first Meiji Shrine Games in 1924, young men's groups, business groups and members of clubs from all over Japan participated as athletes representing their prefecture.[5]
In 1933, the All Japan Student Sumo Federation was eventually organized, and sumo clubs were established in universities, junior high schools, and even elementary schools. The Meiji Shrine Games were held until 1943 and were canceled due to the outbreak of World War II. During the war, the Japanese regime took measures like making elementary school children's sumo a regular subject in physical education. After the war, the Japan Sumo Federation was established in 1946[6], and became a subsidiary of the Japan Sports Association.
Since the 1960's, it's been common to see high ranking professional sumo wrestlers who practiced sumo on student associations. The first of them was ōzeki Yutakayama who became professional in 1961. Former two-time student yokozuna Wajima also became an apprentice in a stable in 1970 and later became yokozuna. After him, plenty of succesful professional wrestlers came from the ranks of amateur sumo. The most notable of them being (by ranks) yokozuna Asahifuji; ōzeki Asashio IV, ōzeki Musōyama, ōzeki Kotomitsuki, ōzeki Mitakeumi, ōzeki Asanoyama, sekiwake Dewanohana, komusubi Mainoumi. In 2006, 26 of the 70 sekitori were amateur wrestlers.[7]
Specificities of amateur sumo[edit]
Amateur sumo differs from professional sumo on several points. Their competitions are organized in several divisions and notions such as weight categories have been introduced. Amateur sumo have a dan system. Ranks vary from 1st to 10th dan, which are certified by the Japan Sumo Federation. Dan certification began in 1956, and by 2006, a total of over 75,000 people had been certified. Higher dan are given to older athlete, the higher the dan the older the certified. Therefore, amateur sumo can differentiate:
| By age | Elementary School (wanpaku), Junior High School, High School, University, Adults. |
| By weight | Under 65kg, Under 75kg, Under 85kg, Under 100kg, Under 115kg, Under 135kg, Open Weight. |
| Techniques | There are 82 kimarite and 5 winning non-techniques. Dangerous moves such as headlock throw (首投げ, kubinage), backwards body drop techniques (反り手, sorinage) cannot be used. |
| Refereeing | There is usually only one referee and one assistant referee. |
| Outfit | Elementary and Junior High School students may wear underpants. |
Organization[edit]
subsidiary = (Nihon Joshi Sumō Renmei, 日本女子相撲連盟)
The Japan Sumo Federation has branch offices in each prefectures, and under the nationwide organization, it is responsible for popularizing elementary and junior high school youth sumo, high school and university student sumo, adult sumo for youth, business groups, and teachers. It establishes competition rules such as sumo competition law and umpire law, and manages the tournament.
http://www.nihonsumo-renmei.jp/
article sumo amateur (ja) = https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2
publication de Chikara = https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89_(%E9%9B%91%E8%AA%8C)?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=sc
Board of directors[edit]
As of November 2022[8]
| Position | Name[a] |
|---|---|
| President Kaichō |
Minami Kazufumi |
| Vice-presidents Fuku kaichō |
Andō Takao |
| Andō Miwako | |
| Managing Director Senmu riji |
Yasui Kazuo |
| Executive Directors Jōmu riji |
Konosuke Kizaki |
| Saitō Kazuo | |
| Masuda Mamoru | |
| Ichigibaru Toshiaki | |
| Kizaki Tomohisa | |
| Katsuta Akimitsu | |
| Yagi Norihiko | |
| Kurazono Maho |
Tournaments[edit]
Men's tournaments[edit]
The Japan Sumo Federation holds a number of national tournaments for amateurs. Among them, the main events are:
- All Japan Sumo Championship
- National Student Sumo Championship
- All Japan Business Team Sumo Championship
- National Sports Festival Sumo competition
If a wrestler wins one of these main tournaments he gains the title of Amateur Yokozuna and can acquire the 15th rank of makushita if he wishes to go in professional sumo. If a wrestler wins two of these tournaments in a same year, he can qualify for the 10th rank of makushita.
Women's tournaments[edit]
- International Women's Sumo Selection Sakai Tournament
- National Women's Sumo Selection Himeji Tournament
- National Student Women's Sumo Championship
- All Japan Women's Sumo Gifu Tournament
- Wanpaku Sumo Women's National Tournament
- All Japan Women's Sumo Championship
dd
amateur yokozuna = https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E6%A8%AA%E7%B6%B1?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=sc
young professional yokozuna = https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%9F%E6%A5%AD%E5%9B%A3%E6%A8%AA%E7%B6%B1?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=sc
student yokozuna = https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%A8%AA%E7%B6%B1?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=sc
highschool yokozuna = https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1%E6%A8%AA%E7%B6%B1?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=sc
middle school yokozuna = https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%A8%AA%E7%B6%B1?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=sc
wanpaku yokozuna = https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%8F%E3%82%93%E3%81%B1%E3%81%8F%E6%A8%AA%E7%B6%B1?_x_tr_sl=ja&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=fr&_x_tr_pto=sc
Trivia[edit]
The Japan Sumo Federation logo is a stylized version of the kanji for 'strength' or 'power' (力).
Notes[edit]
- ^ In these Japanese names, the surnames comes first.
References[edit]
- ^ "Affiliated organization officers". Japan Sumo Federation. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
- ^ "Purpose of the Japan Sumo Federation". Japan Sumo Federation (in Japanese). Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "About the Chiyoda Ward Sumo Federation". Chiyoda-city (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Sumo: on amateur sumo". Shōgakukan via Nipponica encyclopedia (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "Meiji Shrine Games chronology". Meiji Stadium (Meiji Jingu Gaien) (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "History of Chuo University Sumo Club". Chuo University Sumo Club website (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "What is student sumo?". Asahi Shimbun via Kotobank encyclopedia (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "Board members - Nihon Sumo Renmei Home Page". Japan Sumo Federation. Retrieved 2022-10-28.