User:Msmlouise/sandbox

Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite

The Lyceum of the Philippines University-Cavite (Filipino: Pamantasang Liseo ng Pilipinas-Kabite, abbreviated LPU-C) is an institute of higher education located in General Trias in the province of Cavite, Philippines. The campus publicly opened on 2008, increasing the total number of LPU campuses to five. The institution was named after lykeion, the grove in ancient Athens where Aristotle taught his pupils. Its educational vision is founded on principles set down by Dr. José P. Laurel. Since 2002, José Laurel’s eldest son, Atty. Roberto P. Laurel, heads the Cavite campus as Administrative President.

The university was referred to as the First and Only Resort Campus in the Philippines due to its modern and elegant design. The school's motto which is Veritas et Fortitudo, Pro Deo et Patria, meaning "truth and courage, for God and country", reflects Dr. Laurel’s beliefs in the value of learning and character development.

The University is the youngest school to be recognized as ISO 9001:2208 compliant by the Société Générale de Surveillance. Due to the growing population and demands of the school, the administration of LPU decided to expand this campus. On 2012, the 4th and 5th floors of LPU Cavite Phase II opened, connecting the Jose P. Laurel Building and the Sotero H. Laurel Building. This changed the shape of the campus from semi-circle into a full circle. Phase II also housed the new Roman Catholic Chapel of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

Originally, the LPU Makati, a leading law school in Makati and the country, held the College of Law of the system. But on 2013, LPU Cavite opened its College of Law under the supervision of LPU Makati.

The Lyceum of the Philippines University offers undergraduate and graduate programs in various fields, including law, liberal arts, diplomacy, international trade, journalism, nursing, engineering, business, accounting, mass communications, tourism, as well as hotel and restaurant management.

• list of reference is on original article
• typographical corrections, formatting, rearrangements, few additions of information

Little Manila

San Diego

Many Filipinos reside in National City, the city bordering the south boundary of San Diego. Many of them also settled in the Mira Mesa neighborhood of San Diego, often referred to as "Manila Mesa", Rancho Penasquitos, and Paradise Hills. Stockton, California was also known as "Little Manila". For at least half a century, Stockton was home to the largest Filipino community outside of the Philippines before Los Angeles and San Fransisco. The National Trust for Historic Preservation listed Little Manila among its 11 most endangered historic places for 2003. They said that "the community provided sanctuary for the tens of thousands of Filipinos faced with segregation". It was filled with restaurants, stores, labor unions and social organizations to provide services and a sense of community to these immigrants. The government recognized the importance of Filipino Americans by dedicating the Little Manila Historic Site in 2000. Filipino Americans form the largest Asian American subgroup in the area, at almost 6% of the entire San Diego county population.

Toronto

Toronto, in the province of Ontario, is home to the largest Filipino contingency in Canada with over 250,000 living in Toronto and its suburbs. Toronto's population is 5% Filipino and they are the fourth largest visible minority group. Toronto is the prime destination for Filipino immigrants and tourists with about 9,000 coming every year. Most Filipinos in Toronto tend to settle in Toronto's inner suburbs, Scarborough, North York, East York and Downtown Toronto. These areas house usually middle-upper, middle-middle, middle-lower and lower class Filipino Canadians. Nowadays, an increasing amount tend to settle in the outer suburbs of Mississauga, Brampton, Markham, Richmond Hill, Pickering and Vaughan. The Toronto Little Manila is an ethnic enclave. This city hosts many Filipino community events that attract up to 100,000 visitors every weekend from June to August. Toronto is also host to The Philippine Consulate and a Philippine Overseas Labour Office, which serve all of Eastern Canada. On November 30, 2012 Philippine Airlines started service to Toronto Pearson International Airport.

Las Vegas

There has been a surge of Filipino immigration particularly to Las Vegas, Nevada. It is now home to 90,000 Filipinos, mostly living throughout the Las Vegas Valley (Henderson, Las Vegas and the general/overall county: Clark). It has a Little Manila that is centered to serve the growing Filipino population and has accommodated a Goldilock's, one of the Philippines' most popular bakeshops that also has many locations in the neighboring state of California. A primarily Filipino, and other Asian-foods themed supermarket, Seafood City, opened in May 2007. Within the same large space of the Seafood City market, the facility also houses a Jollibee, Chow King, Red Ribbon, Valerio's Tropical Bakery, Philippine National Bank and a Bank of the Philippine Islands remittance and banking centers. Other stores not mentioned here may have also been added. Going to Little Manila is now essential for Filipino tourists and immigrants. They are also served by the Philippine Airlines, which provides easy access when traveling between the Philippines and Nevada.

Filipinos are also the largest Asian group in Las Vegas and in the state of Nevada. Many Filipino businesses proliferate around the Las Vegas area, particularly locally-owned shops, restaurants, immigration and remittance offices. Island Pacific Supermarket, a Filipino owned grocery chain, also has a branch in Las Vegas.

• removed Toronto from being under the US heading and combined information to the proper place
• removed headings that do not contain any information
• spelling and formatting corrections, rearrangements, addition of citations

Kludge

A kludge (or kluge) is a workaround or quick-and-dirty, clumsy, inelegant, difficult to extend, hard to maintain yet effective and quick solution to a problem. Its synonym is "jury rig", which means temporary repairs. This term is used in diverse fields such as computer science, aerospace engineering, internet slang, and evolutionary neuroscience.

Aerospace Engineering

In aerospace design, a kludge was a temporary design using the available components that were not flight worthy to test the design and enable concurrent software development while the integrated components were developed and manufactured. The term was common enough to be used in a fictional movie about the US space program.

Perhaps the ultimate kludge was the first US space station, Skylab. Its two major components, the Saturn Workshop and the Apollo Telescope Mount, began their development as separate projects. The SWS was kludged from the S-IVB stage of the Saturn 1B and Saturn V launch vehicles, while the ATM was kludged from an early design for the descent stage of the Apollo Lunar Module. The SWS and ATM were later folded into the Apollo Applications Program, but the components were to have been launched separately, then docked together in orbit. In the final design, the SWS and ATM were launched together, but for the single-launch concept to work, the ATM had to pivot 90 degrees on a truss structure from its launch position to its on-orbit orientation, clearing the way for the crew to dock its Apollo Command/Service Module at the axial docking port of the Multiple Docking Adapter.

The Airlock Module's manufacturer, McDonnell Douglas, even recycled the hatch design from its Gemini spacecraft and kludged what was originally designed for the conical Gemini Command Module onto the cylindrical Skylab Airlock Module. The Skylab project, managed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Marshall Space Flight Center, was seen by the Manned Spacecraft Center (later Johnson Space Center) as an invasion of its historical role as the NASA center for manned spaceflight. Thus, MSC personnel missed no opportunity to belittle the Skylab project, calling it "the kludge".

Computer Science

In modern computing terminology, a kludge (or often a "hack") is a solution to a problem, doing a task, or fixing a system that is inefficient, which does not work properly. To kludge around something is to avoid a bug or some difficult condition by building a kludge, perhaps relying on properties of the bug itself to assure proper operation. It is somewhat similar in spirit to a workaround, only without the grace. A kludge is often used to change the behavior of a system after it is finished, without having to make fundamental changes. The kludge is sometimes used to keep backwards compatibility, but it is often simply introduced because the kludge is an easier alternative. That something was often originally a crock, which is why it must now be hacked to make it work. Note that a hack might be a kludge, but that 'hack' could be, at least in computing, ironic praise, for a quick fix solution to a frustrating problem.

A kludge is also often used to fix an unanticipated problem in an earlier kludge; this is essentially a kind of cruft. Something might be a kludge if it fails in corner cases, but this is a less common sense as such situations are not expected to come up in typical usage. More commonly, a kludge is a poorly working heuristic which was expected to work well. An intimate knowledge of the context (i.e., problem domain and/or the kludge's execution environment) is typically required to build a corner case kludge. As a consequence, they are sometimes ironically praised.

An anecdotal example of a kludge involved a computer part supposedly manufactured in the Soviet Union during the 1960s. In order to work, the part needs a slightly delayed receipt of a signal. Rather than setting up a timing system, the kludge was to make the internal wires extra-long, increasing the distance and thus increasing the time taken by the electrical signal to reach its destination. A variation on this use of kludge is the evasion of an unknown problem or bug in a computer program. Rather than continuing to struggle to find out exactly what is causing the bug and how to fix it, the programmer may hack the problem by the simple kludge of writing new code which compensates the problem. For example, if a variable keeps ending up doubled in a certain code area, a code which divides by two when it is used will be added, after the original code has been executed.

In computer networking, the use of NAT (Network Address Translation) (RFC 1918) or PAT (Port Address Translation) to cope with the shortage of IPv4 addresses is an example of a kludge as well. Another common examples are quickstarts like those shipped with Microsoft Office, OpenOffice.org, RealPlayer, QuickTime and Adobe products, in which a bloated program that normally takes a long time to load is kept in memory to reduce the delay in starting it. In FidoNet terminology, the term "kludge" refers to a piece of control data embedded inside a message.

• formatting and grammar corrections, addition of citations