User:Mr. Ibrahem/Diabetic kidney disease
| Mr. Ibrahem/Diabetic kidney disease | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Diabetic nephropathy (DN)[1] |
 | |
| Two glomeruli in diabetic kidney disease: the acellular light purple areas within the capillary tufts are the destructive mesangial matrix deposits. | |
| Specialty | Nephrology |
| Symptoms | None, tiredness, foamy urine, swelling[1][2] |
| Complications | High blood pressure, kidney failure, heart disease[2] |
| Usual onset | Over years[1] |
| Duration | Long-term[2] |
| Causes | Diabetes[1] |
| Risk factors | High blood pressure, high blood sugar, smoking, high salt diet[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood and urine testing[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Other causes of nephrotic syndrome, renal artery stenosis, urinary tract infection, multiple myeloma[2] |
| Prevention | Healthy lifestyle, sugar and blood pressure management[1] |
| Medication | ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers[1] |
| Prognosis | Decreased life expectancy[2] |
| Frequency | 33% of adults with diabetes[1] |
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), also known as diabetic nephropathy, is the long-term decreased in kidney function due to diabetes.[1][2] Early on there are generally no symptoms, while later tiredness, foamy urine, and swelling may occur.[1][2] Onset may occurs years after the start of diabetes and gradually worsen.[1][2] Complications may include high blood pressure, kidney failure, and heart disease.[2]
It can be cause by both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.[2] Risk factors include high blood sugar, high blood pressure, family history, smoking, and a high salt diet.[1][2] The underlying mechanism involves high blood sugar damaging the small blood vessels that supply the kidneys and dysfunction of podocytes.[1][2] Diagnosis is based on declining glomerular filtration rate and albumin in the urine after ruling out other causes.[2]
Treatment may slow the progression of the disease.[2] This may lifestyle and dietary changes, blood pressure control, and blood sugar control.[2] Medications frequently used include ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).[1] Kidney failure can be treated with dialysis or kidney transplant.[2]
Diabetic kidney disease affects about 33% of adults with diabetes.[1] In the United States it occurs more frequently in African and Native Americans.[2] It is the most common cause of kidney failure in developed countries and is associated with an increased risk of death.[2] The condition began to be gradually defined in the 1700s and 1800s including in work by Erasmus Darwin and Richard Bright.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Diabetic Kidney Disease | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Varghese, RT; Jialal, I (January 2020). "Diabetic Nephropathy". PMID 30480939.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Lerma, Edgar V.; Batuman, Vecihi (2014). Diabetes and Kidney Disease. Springer. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4939-0793-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-01-25.