User:KYPark/1987

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Michael Arbib

Michael A. Arbib, Jane Hill & Jeffrey T. Conklin

From Schema Theory to Language

Oxford University Press

Mary Bateson

Angels Fear: An Investigation Into the Nature and Meaning of the Sacred

London: Rider, New York: Macmillian. ISBN 0-02-507670-1 (with Gregory Bateson) review

Bloom

Allan Bloom (1987).
The Closing of the American Mind. Simon and Schuster, New York

• Giants and Dwarfs: Essays, 1960-1990 (Touchstone Books, 1991)
  • ``a reading of Swift's Gulliver's Travels, entitled "Giants and Dwarfs"; it became the title for a collection of essays on, among others, Raymond Aron, Alexandre Kojeve, Leo Strauss, and John Rawls.``
• Mortimer Adler (1988). Reforming Education: The Opening of the American Mind.
• Paideia Proposal, Socratic method, Encyclopaedia Britannica
• Leo Strauss, Saul Bellow, Socratic Irony, Great Books
• ``Allan Bloom, a classicist and Greek scholar now best known for his controversial The Closing of the American Mind, was harshly critical of Ryle, writing: "In themselves Ryle's opinions are beneath consideration, but they do deserve diagnosis as a symptom of a sickness which is corrupting our understanding of old writers and depriving a generation of their liberating influence . . . Such scholarship should give us pause, for Ryle is held by many to be one of the preeminent professors of philosophy in the Anglo-Saxon world." Bloom's central criticism indicts Ryle for anachronistically "Aristotelianizing" Platonic texts, thereby putting them through an artificial "analytic strainer." According to Bloom, this mediation vitiates the content of Plato's text by "torturing Plato to conform to a dogmatic starting point," rather than entering at the natural beginning.`` -- from Gilbert Ryle

Jay Bolter

Storyspace

a hypertext authoring system, co-authored with Michael Joyce, presented at the first Association for Computing Machinery hypertext conference; cf. Michael Joyce (1987)

RH Brown

Society as Text: Essays on Reason, Rhetoric, and Reality

The University of Chicago Press.

• Richard Harvey Brown, professor of sociology at the University of Maryland, is the author of A Poetic for Sociology, and Social science as civic discourse: essays on the invention, legitimation, and uses of social theory (1989), both published by the University of Chicago Press.

Jeff Conklin

Jeffrey T. Conklin (1987)

Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey

Computer (September 1987) 20(9): 17-41. ACM

• Conklin, J. A survey of hypertext. Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) Tech. Rep. STP-356-86, Austin, Tex., Oct. 1986.

Jeffrey T. Conklin & Michael L. Begeman, MCC

gIBIS: A hypertext tool for team design deliberation

Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Hypertext, Chapel Hill, NC, 1987. Pages 247-251.

Abstract
This paper introduces an application-specific hypertext system designed to facilitate the capture of early design deliberations, which implements a specific design method called Issue Based Information Systems (IBIS). The hypertext system described here, gIBIS(for graphical IBIS), makes use of color and a high speed relational database server to facilitate building and browsing typed IBIS networks. Further, gIBIS is designed to support the collaborative construction of these networks by any number of cooperating team members spread across a local area network. Early experiments suggest that the gIBIS tool, while still incomplete, forges a good match between graphical interface and design method even in this experimental version. ACM

Michael A. Arbib, Jane Hill & Jeffrey T. Conklin (1987)

From Schema Theory to Language

Oxford University Press

Ernst von Glasersfeld

The Construction of Knowledge

Contributions to Conceptual Semantics

• (1995) Radical Constructivism: A Way of Knowing and Learning
• Constructivist epistemology

Abraham Goodman

The "world brain/world encyclopaedia" concept: its historical roots and the contributions of H.J.A. Goodman to the ongoing evolution and implementation of the concept.

ASIS'87: Proceedings 50th Annual Meeting American Society Information Science. pp.91-98. Learned Information, Medford, New Jersey,

Ken Ham

The Lie: Evolution

subtitled "Genesis - the Key to defending your faith"

Master Books (ISBN 0-89051-158-6)

• Ham bases his arguments for young Earth creationism on a completely literal reading of the book of Genesis. From this interpretation he draws radical conclusions such as all animals were immortal before the fall of Adam, and all animals and Adam and Eve were originally created as vegeterians.

John Hutchins

Summarization: Some Problems and Methods

From: Meaning: the frontier of informatics. Informatics 9. Proceedings of a conference jointly sponsored by Aslib, the Aslib Informatics Group, and the Information Retrieval Specialist Group of the British Computer Society, King's College Cambridge, 26-27 March 1987; edited by Kevin P. Jones. (London: Aslib, 1987), p. 151-173. PDF

• cf. Teun A. van Dijk (1976), (1977), (1980)

Mark Johnson

The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason

University of Chicago Press

Michael Joyce

Afternoon: a story

a work of electronic literature written in 1987 as a demonstration of the hypertext authoring system Storyspace; published by Eastgate Systems in 1990; known as the first hypertext fiction; cf. Jay Bolter (1987)

Manfred Kochen

How Well Do We Acknowledge Intellectual Debts?

Journal of Documentation, 43(1): 54-64. [1]

Excerpt

A paper that conforms to the norms of scholarly perfection would explicitly cite every past publication to which it owes an intellectual debt. Not knowing what he should acknowledge his intellectual debt to is no excuse for omission, any more than ignorance of the law can excuse its violation. Acknowledgement of intellectual debt is not the only function of the paper's bibliography. It indicates the author's actual source of ideas, which may not be the true origin of the idea. It directs the reader to further information. It meets others' expectations about the content of a scholarly paper. There are many other reasons for citing.

From Introduction (p. 54)

George Lakoff

Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind

University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Ronald Langacker

Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Volume I, Theoretical Prerequisites

Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1987. ISBN 0-8047-1261-1.

• Volume II, Descriptive Application, 1991. ISBN 0-8047-1909-8.
• Concept, Image, and Symbol: The Cognitive Basis of Grammar, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin & New York, 1991. ISBN 3-11-012863-2, ISBN 0-89925-820-4.
• cognitive grammar

Bruno Latour

Science In Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society

Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass.

• Actor network theory

Laird

John Laird

Soar: An Architecture for General Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence, 33: 1-64. (with Allen Newell and Paul Rosenbloom)

• Soar (cognitive architecture)
• #Allen Newell, Unified theory of cognition

See also

• ACT, ACT-R
• CHREST, CLARION, EPIC

Longuet-Higgins

H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins (1987)

Mental Processes: Studies in Cognitive Science

The MIT Press

MIT Press's

Can humans compute? This is the question to which H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins, one of the founding figures of cognitive science, has devoted his research over the past twenty years. His and his field's intellectual odyssey from the fringe to the center of the scientific world's attention is recounted with wit and grace in this wide-ranging collection of previously published and original essays.

The volume begins in the late 1960s, when the author had moved from theoretical chemistry to what was then known as theoretical biology. It traces his search for new concepts with which to establish a science of the mind, and it includes Longuet-Higgins's famous comment on the 1971 Lighthill Report in which he introduced the term "cognitive science" and sketched the possible components of the field.

The essays are divided into five parts. The first, Generalities, explores the basic philosophical questions at the root of the new science. The essays on Music show the importance of the musical sense as a testing ground for understanding cognitive processes in general. The author's forays into Language describe some of the major early achievements in the now very active field of computational linguistics.

The studies of Vision are all directed to the problem - crucial for the development of machine-vision systems - of inferring the structure of a scene from two views. The author suggests that the chapters on Memory "be treated indulgently as the first attempt of a physical scientist to climb out of the mindless world of atoms and molecules into the real world of subjective experience."

H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins is Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Sussex. Mental Processes inaugurates the series Explorations in Cognitive Science, edited by Margaret Boden and co-sponsored by The MIT Press and The British Psychological Society. A Bradford Book.

http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=11107

• Credited with coining "cognitive science" in 1973.
• AI at University of Edinburgh
• Psychology at University of Sussex
• Geoffrey Hinton (1986)

Maturana

Humberto Maturana & Flores Varela (1987).
The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala Publications.

• autopoiesis

Newell

Allen Newell (1987).
Unified Theories of Cognition. (The William James Lectures).
http://books.google.com/books?id=1lbY14DmV2cC

• Unified theory of cognition [2]
• Soar (cognitive architecture) (since 1983)
• Winograd (1986) Understanding Computers and Cognition
• Maturana (1987) The Tree of Knowledge

Willard Quine

Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary

Harvard University Press

• cf. Raymond Williams (1976) Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society
• cf. Richard Dawkins (1976) The Selfish Gene - meme

John Rawls

The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus

Oxford Journal for Legal Studies, 7(1): 1-25

Stephen Schiffer

Remnants of Meaning

MIT Press

• Schiffer advised Russell Eliot Dale (1996), The Theory of Meaning (Dissertation) [3]
• ambiguity, vagueness

Lucy Suchman

Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication

Cambridge University Press, New York

• Cf. situated cognition.
• ``Which came first, the action or the plan? The plan, you probably say even without a moments hesitation. This is, however, according to Suchman (1987) a poor way of understanding what really happens when a person sets out to do something. She says that it is only when we have to account for our actions that we fit them into the framework of a plan. Actions are to a great extent linked to the specific situation at hand and are therefore hard to predict by using generic rules. Action, as well as learning, understanding and remembering, is situated.`` [4]