User:Jaspergeli/Organismal phyla

Organismal Phyla

Animal phyla

	Protostome	Bilateria
	Deuterostome
	Others (Radiata or Parazoa)

Phylum	Meaning	Common name	Distinguishing characteristic	Species described
Acanthocephala	Thorny head	Thorny-headed worms	Reversible spiny proboscis that bears many rows of hooked spines	approx. 1,100
Annelida	Little ring	Annelids	Multiple circular segment	17,000+ extant
Arthropoda	Jointed foot	Arthropods	Segmented bodies and jointed limbs, with Chitin exoskeleton	1,200,000+ extant; 20,000+ extinct
Brachiopoda	Arm foot	Lampshells	Lophophore and pedicle	300-500 extant; 12,000+ extinct
Bryozoa	Moss animals	Moss animals, sea mats, ectoprocts	Lophophore, no pedicle, ciliated tentacles, anus outside ring of cilia	5,000 extant
Chaetognatha	Longhair jaw	Arrow worms	Chitinous spines either side of head, fins	approx. 100 extant
Chordata	With a cord	Chordates	Hollow dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, post-anal tail	approx. 75,000+
Cnidaria	Stinging nettle	Cnidarians	Nematocysts (stinging cells)	approx. 11,000
Ctenophora	Comb bearer	Comb jellies	Eight "comb rows" of fused cilia	approx. 100-150 extant
Cycliophora	Wheel carrying	Symbion	Circular mouth surrounded by small cilia, sac-like bodies	3+
Echinodermata	Spiny skin	Echinoderms	Fivefold radial symmetry in living forms, mesodermal calcified spines	approx. 7,000 extant; approx. 13,000 extinct
Entoprocta	Inside anus	Goblet worms	Anus inside ring of cilia	approx. 150
Gastrotricha	Hairy stomach	Gastrotrich worms	Two terminal adhesive tubes	approx. 690
Gnathostomulida	Jaw orifice	Jaw worms		approx. 100
Hemichordata	Half cord	Acorn worms, hemichordates	Stomochord in collar, pharyngeal slits	approx. 130 extant
Kinorhyncha	Motion snout	Mud dragons	Eleven segments, each with a dorsal plate	approx. 150
Loricifera	Corset bearer	Brush heads	Umbrella-like scales at each end	approx. 122
Micrognathozoa	Tiny jaw animals	Limnognathia	Accordion-like extensible thorax	1
Mollusca	Soft	Mollusks / molluscs	Muscular foot and mantle round shell	90,000+ extant; 80,000+ extinct
Nematoda	Thread like	Round worms, thread worms	Round cross section, keratin cuticle	25,000–1,000,000
Nematomorpha	Thread form	Horsehair worms, Gordian worms		approx. 320
Nemertea	A sea nymph	Ribbon worms, Rhynchocoela		approx. 1,200
Onychophora	Claw bearer	Velvet worms	Legs tipped by chitinous claws	approx. 200 extant
Orthonectida	Straight swimming	Orthonectids	Single layer of ciliated cells surrounding a mass of sex cells	approx. 26
Phoronida	Zeus's mistress	Horseshoe worms	U-shaped gut	11
Placozoa	Plate animals	Trichoplaxes	Differentiated top and bottom surfaces, two ciliated cell layers, amoeboid fiber cells in between	1
Platyhelminthes	Flat worm	Flatworms		approx. 25,000
Porifera *	Pore bearer	Sponges	Perforated interior wall	7,700 extant
Priapulida	Little Priapus	Penis worms		approx. 20
Rhombozoa	Lozenge animal	Rhombozoans	Single anteroposterior axial cell surrounded by ciliated cells	100+
Rotifera	Wheel bearer	Rotifers	Anterior crown of cilia	approx. 2,000
Sipuncula	Small tube	Peanut worms	Mouth surrounded by invertible tentacles	144–320
Tardigrada	Slow step	Tardigrades, Water bears	Four-segmented body and head	1,000+
Xenacoelomorpha	Strange form without gut	—	Ciliated bilaterian	400+
Total: 33				2,000,000+

Plant phyla

Division	Meaning	Common name	Distinguishing characteristics	Species described
Anthocerotophyta	Anthoceros-like plant	Hornworts	Horn-shaped sporophytes, no vascular system	100-300+
Bryophyta	Bryum-like plant, moss plant	Bryophytes, mosses	Persistent unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system	approx. 12,000
Charophyta	Chara-like plant	Charophytes		approx. 1,000
Chlorophyta	Green plant	Chlorophytes		approx. 7,000
Cycadophyta	Cycas-like plant, palm-like plant	Cycads	Seeds, crown of compound leaves	approx. 100-200
Ginkgophyta	Ginkgo-like plant	Ginkgophytes, ginkgo, maidenhair tree	Seeds not protected by fruit (single living species)	only 1 extant; 50+ extinct	13
Gnetophyta	Gnetum-like plant	Gnetophytes	Seeds and woody vascular system with vessels	approx. 70
Lycopodiophyta	Lycopodium-like plant	Clubmosses & spikemosses	Microphyll leaves, vascular system	1,290 extant
Magnoliophyta	Magnolia-like plant	Flowering plants, angiosperms	Flowers and fruit, vascular system with vessels	300,000
Marchantiophyta	Marchantia-like plant	Liverworts	Ephemeral unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system	approx. 9,000
Pinophyta,	Pinus-like plant, pine plant, cone-bearing plant	Conifers, pines	Cones containing seeds and wood composed of tracheids	629 extant
Pteridophyta	Pteris-like plant, fern plant	Ferns & horsetails	Prothallus gametophytes, vascular system	approx. 9,000
Total: 12

Fungal phyla

Division	Meaning	Common name	Distinguishing characteristics
Ascomycota	Bladder fungus	Ascomycetes, sac fungi
Basidiomycota	Small base fungus	Basidiomycetes
Blastocladiomycota	Offshoot branch fungus	Blastocladiomycetes, blastoclads
Chytridiomycota	Little cooking pot fungus	Chytridiomycetes, chytrids
Glomeromycota	Ball of yarn fungus	Glomeromycetes
Microsporidia	Small seeds	Microsporidians
Neocallimastigomycota	New beautiful whip fungus	Neocallimastigomycetes
Zygomycota	Pair fungus	Zygomycetes
Total: 8

Protist phyla

Phylum/Division	Meaning	Common name	Distinguishing characteristics	Example
Amoebozoa	Amorphous animal	Amoebas		Amoeba
Bigyra	Two ring
Cercozoa
Choanozoa	Funnel animal
Ciliophora	Cilia bearer	Ciliates		Paramecium
Cryptista
Euglenozoa	True eye animal			Euglena
Foraminifera	Hole bearers	Forams	Complex shells with one or more chambers	Forams
Haptophyta
Loukozoa	Groove animal
Metamonada				Giardia
Myzozoa	Suckling animal
Mycetozoa		Slime molds
Ochrophyta	Yellow plant	Diatoms		Diatoms
Oomycota	Egg fungus	Oomycetes
Percolozoa
Radiozoa	Ray animal	Radiolarians
Sarcomastigophora
Sulcozoa
Total: 19

Bacterial phyla

1. Acidobacteria, phenotipically diverse and mostly uncultured
2. Actinobacteria, High-G+C Gram positive species
3. Aquificae, only 14 thermophilic genera, deep branching
4. Armatimonadetes
5. Bacteroidetes
6. Caldiserica, formerly candidate division OP5, Caldisericum exile is the sole representative
7. Chlamydiae, only 6 genera
8. Chlorobi, only 7 genera, green sulphur bacteria
9. Chloroflexi, green non-sulphur bacteria
10. Chrysiogenetes, only 3 genera (Chrysiogenes arsenatis, Desulfurispira natronophila, Desulfurispirillum alkaliphilum)
11. Cyanobacteria, also known as the blue-green algae
12. Deferribacteres
13. Deinococcus-Thermus, Deinococcus radiodurans and Thermus aquaticus are "commonly known" species of this phyla
14. Dictyoglomi
15. Elusimicrobia, formerly candidate division Thermite Group 1
16. Fibrobacteres
17. Firmicutes, Low-G+C Gram positive species, such as the spore-formers Bacilli (aerobic) and Clostridia (anaerobic)
18. Fusobacteria
19. Gemmatimonadetes
20. Lentisphaerae, formerly clade VadinBE97
21. Nitrospira
22. Planctomycetes
23. Proteobacteria, the most known phyla, containing species such as Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa
24. Spirochaetes, species include Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease
25. Synergistetes
26. Tenericutes, alternatively class Mollicutes in phylum Firmicutes (notable genus: Mycoplasma)
27. Thermodesulfobacteria
28. Thermotogae, deep branching
29. Verrucomicrobia

Archaeal phyla

1. Crenarchaeota, second most common archaeal phylum
2. Euryarchaeota, most common archaeal phylum
3. Korarchaeota
4. Nanoarchaeota, ultra-small symbiotes, single known species
5. Thaumarchaeota