User:Imad marie/Demographics of Israel

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Demographics[edit]

Main article: Demographics of Israel
See also: Languages of Israel and Arab citizens of Israel

Israel's population, as of 2008, is 7.28 million.[1]

Ethnic groups[edit]

75.5% of the Israeli population are Jewish, 20% are Israeli Arab and 4.5% are unaffiliated. Israel has two official languages, being Hebrew and Arabic.[2] Hebrew is the primary language of the state and spoken by the majority of the population. Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority and Jews who immigrated to Israel from Arab lands. Most Israelis can communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are in English and many schools begin to teach English in the early grades. As a country of immigrants, dozens of languages can be heard on the streets of Israel. A large influx of people from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia have made Russian and Amharic widely spoken in Israel. Between 1990 and 1994, the immigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union increased Israel's population by twelve percent.[3] Over the last decade, immigration flows have also included significant numbers of workers from countries such as Romania, Thailand, and a number of countries in Africa and South America; gauging precise numbers is difficult because of the presence of "undocumented" immigrants, but estimates run in the region of 200,000.[4] Retention of Israel's population since 1948 when compared to population retention of other mass immigration countries is about on par, or Israel has better retention of its population.[5] Emigration from Israel (yerida) to other countries, primarily the United States and Canada, is described by demographers as modest[6] but is often cited by Israeli government ministries as a major threat to Israel's future.[7] [8]

Religion[edit]

Main article: Religion in Israel
The Western Wall and the Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as the Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish lineage the right to Israeli citizenship.[9] Just over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Approximately 68% of Israeli Jews are Israeli-born, 22% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 10% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World).[10] The religious affiliation of Israeli Jews varies widely: 55% say they are "traditional," while 20% consider themselves "secular Jews," 17% define themselves as "Orthodox Jews"; the final 8% define themselves as "Haredi Jews."[11]

Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa

Making up 16.2% of the population, Muslims constitute Israel's largest religious minority. Israeli Arabs, who comprise 19.8% of the population, contribute significantly to that figure as over four fifths (82.6%) of them are Muslim. Of the remaining Israeli Arabs, 8.8% are Christian and 8.4% are Druze.[12] Members of many other religious groups, including Buddhists and Hindus, maintain a presence in Israel, albeit in small numbers.[13]

The city of Jerusalem enjoys a special place in the hearts of Jews, Muslims, and Christians as the home of sites that are pivotal to their religious beliefs, such as the Western Wall, the Temple Mount, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Other landmarks of religious importance are located in the West Bank, among them the birthplace of Jesus and Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem, and the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. The administrative center of the Bahá'í Faith and the Shrine of the Báb are located at the Bahá'í World Centre in Haifa and the leader of the faith is buried in Acre. Apart from maintenance staff, there is no Bahá'í community in Israel, although it is a destination for pilgrimages.[14][15]

Israeli settlements[edit]

Main article: Israeli settlement

Over 260,000 Israeli citizens lived in the West Bank settlements[16][17][18] such as Ma'ale Adumim and Ariel, and communities that predated the establishment of the State but were re-established after the Six-Day War, in cities such as Hebron and Gush Etzion. 18,000 Israelis live in the Golan Heights.[19] In 2006, there were 250,000 Jews living in East Jerusalem.[20] The total number of Israeli settlers is over 500,000 (6.5 % of the Israeli population). Approximately 7,800 Israelis lived in settlements in the Gaza Strip until they were evacuated by the government as part of its 2005 disengagement plan.[21]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference cbs0709 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference cia was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Friedberg, Rachel M. (November 2001). "The Impact of Mass Migration on the Israeli Labor Market". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 116 (4): 1373–1408. doi:10.1162/003355301753265606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ Adriana Kemp, "Labour migration and racialisation: labour market mechanisms and labour migration control policies in Israel", Social Identities 10:2, 267-292, 2004
  5. ^ DellaPergola, Sergio (2000). Still Moving: Recent Jewish Migration in Comparative Perspective, Daniel J. Elazar and Morton Weinfeld eds. (ed.). 'The Global Context of Migration to Israel'. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. pp. 13–60. ISBN 1-56000-428-2. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)
  6. ^ Herman, Pini (September 1983), "The Myth of the Israeli Expatriate", Moment Magazine, 8 (8): 62–63{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  7. ^ Gould, Eric; Moav, Omer (2006), Brain Drain From Israel (Brichat Mochot M'Yisrael) (PDF) (in Hebrew), Jerusalem: Mercaz Shalem - The Shalem Center, The Social-Economic Institute, p. 26
  8. ^ Rettig, Haviv (04-06-2008). "Officials to US to bring Israelis home". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2008-04-29. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ "The Law of Return". Knesset. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  10. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel. "Jews and others, by origin, continent of birth and period of immigration" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-04-08.
  11. ^ Elazar, Daniel J. "Religion in Israel: A Consensus for Jewish Tradition". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  12. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel. "Population, by religion and population group" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  13. ^ "National Population Estimates" (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics. p. 27. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  14. ^ "The Bahá'í World Centre: Focal Point for a Global Community". The Bahá'í International Community. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
  15. ^ "Teaching the Faith in Israel". Bahá'í Library Online. 1995-06-23. Retrieved 2007-08-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ Lazaroff, Tovah (2007-01-10). "Report: 12,400 new settlers in 2006". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2007-08-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ "Settlements in the West Bank". Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  18. ^ "Israeli Settler Population 1972-2006". Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  19. ^ "Settlements in the Golan Heights". Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  20. ^ "Settlements in East Jerusalem". Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
  21. ^ "Settlements in the Gaza Strip". Settlement Information. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Retrieved 2007-12-12.
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