User:Grettoonist/sandbox

Project 1: Socialism in Italy sidebar proposal

Documentation

This template includes collapsible lists.

• • To set it to display all lists when it appears (i.e. all lists expanded), use:
•  {{Grettoonist |expanded=all}} or, if enabled, {{Grettoonist |all}}  (i.e. omitting "expanded=").

• • To set it to display one particular list while keeping the remainder collapsed (i.e. hidden apart from their headings), use:
•  {{Grettoonist |expanded=listname}} or, if enabled, {{Grettoonist |listname}}
• …where listname is one of the following (do not include any quotemarks):
• "history", "people", "active orgs", "defunct orgs", "literature" or "related"
• For example, {{Grettoonist |expanded=defunct orgs}} or, if enabled, {{Grettoonist |defunct orgs}}

Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit) and testcases (create) pages.
Subpages of this page.

Project 2: Socialism in France sidebar proposal

Documentation

This template includes collapsible lists.

• • To set it to display all lists when it appears (i.e. all lists expanded), use:
•  {{Grettoonist |expanded=all}} or, if enabled, {{Grettoonist |all}}  (i.e. omitting "expanded=").

• • To set it to display one particular list while keeping the remainder collapsed (i.e. hidden apart from their headings), use:
•  {{Grettoonist |expanded=listname}} or, if enabled, {{Grettoonist |listname}}
• …where listname is one of the following (do not include any quotemarks):
• "history", "people", "active orgs", "defunct orgs", "literature" or "related"
• For example, {{Grettoonist |expanded=defunct orgs}} or, if enabled, {{Grettoonist |defunct orgs}}

Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit) and testcases (create) pages.
Subpages of this page.

Project 3: Austria–Romania relations rewrite

Austria-Romania relations

Austria	Romania

Austria–Romania relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Republic of Austria and Romania, which have been largely determined and limited by the global political environment. Romania has an embassy in Vienna (as well as a branch of the Romanian Cultural Institute) and six honorary consulates in Eisenstadt, Linz, Salzburg, Graz, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee and Sankt Pölten-Niederösterreich. Austria has an embassy in Bucharest (and established a cultural forum in Bucharest in 1999) and two honorary consulates. Both countries are full members of the European Union (EU) and Council of Europe, as well as the Central European Initiative and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

Historically, both countries have fluctuated in relations, including Austro-Hungarian support of Romanian independence, conflict during World War I and alliance during World War II. More recently, Austrian and Romanian foreign policy has been friendlier, valuing high levels of cooperation, with Austria supporting Romanian admission into the EU. However, relations have recently worsened, with Austria opposing Romanian membership in the Schengen Area, resulting in the withdrawal of Romania's ambassador to Austria from Vienna. Economic relations have also been strained with Romanian companies, universities and entrepreneurs boycotting Austria, and branches of Austrian banks facing anti-Austrian inscriptions.

History

Background

Prior to the establishment of Romania as an independent state, the Austrian House of Habsburg had controlled Romanian territory and historical regions throughout European history, including the Banat of Temeswar in the Treaty of Passarowitz in 1718, and Transylvania after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, until the unification of the region with the Kingdom of Romania in the aftermath of World War I. It was in this time under Habsburg rule that the Romanian community experienced nationalist cultural and ideological movements like the Transylvanian School. In the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War, in which the United Principalities fought with Russia to secure independence from the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary played a key role in the Congress of Berlin, which formally recognised Romanian independence. Afterwards, Austria-Hungary became the first country to establish foreign relations with Romania on September 22, 1878.

World War I and conflict

Romanian prisoners of war passing by an Austro-Hungarian howitzer during the Central Powers' counteroffensive in 1916

Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war in Romania in 1918

In the decades leading up to World War I, Austria-Hungary signed the Triple Alliance in 1882 with Germany and Italy, which Carol I of Romania wished to join out of fear of Russian expansion and the competing claims on Bessarabia. Romania secretly joined the alliance on October 18, 1883, pledging with Austria-Hungary to help each other in the event of a Russian, Serbian or Bulgarian attack. Nonetheless, there were ongoing territorial disputes regarding Transylvania's status and its community's rights. The Balkan Wars, which resulted in Romania annexing the southern part of Dobruja from the Ottoman Empire and achieving the status of regional power in the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913. Their aspirations of expanding to regions with significant Romanian populations, as desired by Carol and Ferdinand I, conflicted with Austria-Hungary's strong opposition to other nations' expansion in the area.

After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, World War I broke out in Europe. Romania initially declared neutrality, reasoning that Austria-Hungary started it and they had no obligation to intervene, despite their efforts to invoke a casus foederis linked to the Triple Alliance. To ensure neutrality, Austria-Hungary granted territorial concessions to Romania, as encouraged by Germany. Carol desired entering the war on the side of the Central Powers, which included Austria-Hungary, in contrast to the Romanian public and political parties preferring the Triple Entente on the side of the United Kingdom, France and Russia. Ferdinand, who succeeded the throne upon Carol's death in October 1914, also favoured this, and in August 1916, Romania signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Entente Powers, facilitating their entry into the war on the Allied side in return for territorial promises in Austria-Hungary, of whom they declared on August 27, suspending relations between the two countries.

In the Eastern Front, the Romanian campaign resulted in Austro-Hungarian forces, alongside Ottoman and Bulgarian forces, occupying a significant portion of Romanian territory from Romania's entry until December 1917. Fighting in the region included Transylvania, part of Austria-Hungary, which was included in the 1916 treaty for Romania. When Romania was surrounded by the Central Powers, Austria-Hungary helped isolate Romania out of the war with the treaty of Bucharest in May 1918 and ceasing the Carpathian Mountains. However, as the war turned in the Allies' favour in 1918, Romania renounced the treaty in November, contributing to Austro-Hungarian defeat in the war. With the 1918 treaty nullified, Romania was free to unite Bukovina and Transylvania into its territory with the creation of Greater Romania. Meanwhile, Austria-Hungary was dissolved and the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye cemented the new Republic of Austria. The aftermath of World War I and new geopolitical dynamics redefined relations for the two countries going into the interwar period.

Interwar period

One of the main territorial treaties which was an example of border changes influencing future relations was the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, of which both Romania and Austria were beneficiaries, with Transylvania being fully and formally transferred to Romania, and Austria receiving most of Burgenland from western Hungary. Both countries were members of the League of Nations, which reflected efforts for diplomatic initiatives, and both experienced economic challenges pertaining to World War I reparations for Austria, and the impact of the Great Depression. Foreshadowing their military alliance during World War II, both countries were also the subject of fascist movements: austrofascism in Austria under the Fatherland Front beginning in 1934, and the National Christian Party and later Iron Guard in Romania. On March 12, 1938, Nazi Germany annexed Austria, once again ending bilateral relations.

Following World War II

President of Austria Rudolf Kirchschläger on an official state visit to Romania in 1978, meeting with President Nicolae Ceaușescu.

The defeat of the Axis powers in World War II, which had included both Romania and Austria through Germany, once again transformed the geopolitical dynamics of their relations, as Romania was under Soviet occupation beginning in 1944 and Austria was made independent by the Allied powers and divided into occupation zones, which included the Soviet Union, allowing them to exert influence on both nations, Romania more so as King Michael I was forced to abdicate the throne with the Romanian People's Republic being established in 1947. Austria's occupation and policy of neutrality allowed it to maintain relations with Eastern Bloc countries under Soviet influence like Romania, as a Western power in the Cold War. This was in contrast to relations with West Germany, a Western Bloc and NATO ally which was divided with East Germany. The 1955 Austrian State Treaty meant that continued Soviet forces' presence in Romania ceased to exist, yet Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party announced their continued presence on the justification of foreign soldiers stationed in West Germany. This showed the significance of Austria's neutrality, politically aligned with the West but not in a military alliance, with the ability to maintain good relations across both blocs of the Cold War, which Germany was no longer able to accomplish in contrast to close German–Romanian relations during World War II.

Project 4: Marxist–Leninist state leaders template major revision

Original template with added colours

This template's initial visibility currently defaults to autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.

To change this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used:

• {{Grettoonist|state=collapsed}} will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.
• {{Grettoonist|state=expanded}} will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.

New template with expanded leadership across party and legislature

This template's initial visibility currently defaults to autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible.

To change this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used:

• {{Grettoonist|state=collapsed}} will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar.
• {{Grettoonist|state=expanded}} will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.

Project 5: Dictators multiple image for lead section

Version 1: Fascist, Marxist–Leninist and military dictators

20th-century leaders typically described as dictators

Dictators under fascist states

• Benito Mussolini, Duce and Prime Minister of Italy
• Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany
• Francisco Franco, Caudillo and Prime Minister of Spain

Dictators under communist states

• Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
• Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
• Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party

Military dictators

• Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile
• Idi Amin, President of Uganda
• Suharto, President of Indonesia

Notes: This stays close to the original collage in terms of examples of images, but framed by common ideological or occupational framework. Fascist dictators (Mussolini, Hitler, Franco), Marxist–Leninist dictators (Stalin, Mao, Ceaușescu), military dictators (Pinochet, Amin, Suharto). It is indisputable that these figures belong in these categories, even if Augusto Pinochet and his ideology can be considered fascist as well, it is clear-cut that he was a military dictator, but Mussolini and Hitler were not only not senior military figures, nor did they rule through the military, but they were undeniably fascists. The downside to this version is that these categories may not be as accepted as those in the dictatorship article, where the specific types section list those found in version 2; absolute monarchies were mainly left out of the article, and therefore the same goes for the multiple image.

20th-century leaders typically described as dictators

One-party dictators

• Benito Mussolini, Duce of Italy and the National Fascist Party
• Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
• Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party

Personalist dictators

• Adolf Hitler, Führer of Germany
• Francisco Franco, Caudillo and Prime Minister of Spain
• Kim Il Sung, Supreme Leader of North Korea

Military dictators

• Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile
• Idi Amin, President of Uganda
• Suharto, President of Indonesia

Version 2: One-party, personalist and military dictators

Notes: Deviating slightly, we could instead focus on the categorial types of dictatorship and how their rulers fit in. One-party dictators (Mussolini, Stalin, Mao), personalist dictators (Hitler, Franco, Kim), military dictators (Pinochet, Amin, Suharto). It also features all of the dictators from the original collage. The downside to this version is that the categorisation is up for interpretation. For example, Adolf Hitler was also a one-party dictator, serving as Führer of the Nazi Party. So while closer to the collage than version 1, the former is still more concrete in terms of framing via ideology: Adolf Hitler can only be described as a fascist dictator, in direct contrast to Marxism–Leninism and having no senior military background which would constitute Nazi Germany as a military dictatorship.

Verdict: These versions have been linked to in the talk page for Dictator, where it was pointed out the significance of not supplanting information through the infobox, which the multiple image de facto serves as. I have my disputes over this, where I could argue in a counter-reply that the multiple image shouldn't be treated as an infobox in the explicit sense, that nine examples across multiple fields strikes a good balance between not being too unnecessarily lengthy or not having enough information to justify its existence. And how mainly, this opens up ways to incorporate these examples (not just those mentioned, but others which succinctly showcase the range of such examples) into the article, which would give the multiple image more legitimacy as summarising, which fits into MOS:INFOBOXPURPOSE. However, this wouldn't be the best way to deliver such a dispute, and I would need time to figure out how to phrase it in a convincing way, though it has now been a week since the response to the new section I have created on the talk page. And given that my schedule has been quite filled up and I don't feel too strongly about this project, it is to be put indefinitely on halt instead of pursuing it further.

– February 12, 2024, 23:35 (UTC) –

Project 6: "Template:Anarchism US" sidebar and footer proposal

Documentation[create] [purge]

Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit) and testcases (create) pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this page.

Documentation[create] [purge]

Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit) and testcases (create) pages.
Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this page.

Project 7: Timeline of Trumpism section in said article

Background

The following is a timeline of events related to the evolution of Trumpism prior to Trump's 2016 presidential candidacy:

• November 8, 1994: The 1994 midterm elections, termed the Republican Revolution, leads to the speakership of Newt Gingrich, who has been credited as undermining democratic norms and hastening political polarization and partisan prejudice. Gingrich has since been allied with Trump, who briefly considered appointing him to his cabinet.
• October 7, 1996: Fox News, an American conservative news and political commentary television station is founded by conservative media proprietor Rupert Murdoch and consultant Roger Ailes, which prior to Trump's campaign was known for biased reporting for the Republican Party and against the Democratic Party, and would come to be one of the news media's most noteworthy and ardent supporters of Trump.
• October 7, 1999: Trump announces his intentions to form an exploratory committee for a campaign for President of the United States in the 2000 presidential election under the Reform Party ticket.
• February 14, 2000: Trump suspends his 2000 presidential campaign on the airing of The Today Show on NBC, believing Reform was too dysfunctional to support his campaign. It would be his final attempt at a presidential campaign until 2016.
• February 10, 2011: At the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), Trump gives a speech in which he promotes the Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories, and would repeat the conspiracy theories on Good Morning America and The View, foreshadowing his use of fringe conspiracy theories as a political strategy.
• March 18, 2013: The Republican National Committee (RNC) releases the Growth & Opportunity Project, assessing reasons for the party's defeat in the 2012 presidential election. The report's proposals for Republican campaigns to criticize big business, de-emphasize social conservatism and reform its fundraising and position on campaign finance reform would be disregarded by Trump's own campaign the following election, and serves as a footnote for the party's image prior to its shift to the far-right.
• July 4, 2013: The far-right cable news and political opinion commentary channel One America News Network (OAN) launches, which would become a staunch supporter of Trump during his presidency.
• January 26, 2015: The Freedom Caucus is founded by right-wing Republicans and Tea Party members from the House of Representatives, aiming to shift the party rightward, and is positioned to the far-right of the spectrum. With a mixed relationship with Trump during his presidency, the Caucus would come to pledge loyalty to Trump and adopted Trumpism as part of their ideology.

Timeline

The following is a timeline of Trumpism as a movement:

• June 16, 2015: American businessman and media personality Donald Trump announces his campaign to run for President of the United States in the 2016 presidential election at Trump Tower in Manhattan, New York, which came to serve as his campaign headquarters. In his speech, Trump declares his candidacy for the Republican Party and draws attention to illegal immigration, saying that Mexicans were "bringing drugs. They're bringing crime. They're rapists. And some, I assume, are good people." The campaign slogan, "Make America Great Again" (MAGA), is also announced in the speech.
• September 3, 2015: Trump signs a pledge promising his allegiance to the Republican Party and its eventual nominee, which was not yet decided.
• March 15, 2016: Trump's victories in the Super Tuesday Republican primaries (including his victory over Ohio governor and early frontrunner John Kasich in Florida) bolstered support for the Never Trump movement, a moderate conservative movement in opposition to Trumpism.
• May 3, 2016: Following the Republican primaries and caucuses, where Trump won the delegates from the Indiana primary against Texas senator Ted Cruz and John Kasich, Trump was declared the presumptive nominee of the party.