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Palestinian refugee camps were established after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War to accommodate the Arab Palestine refugees who fled or were expelled during the 1948 Palestinian exodus. Arab refugees built their residual homes in refugee camps, have been absorbed into Jordanian society or the Palestinian territories. Palestinian refugees inherit their granted UNRWA refugee status from ancestral Arab Palestine refugees in paternal line.^[1]

Palestine refugee camps were established since the 1930s to accommodate Jewish refugees and Holocaust survivors. Later, Jews who fled or were expelled during the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, were initially resettled in refugee camps, Ma'abarot and development towns. Since 1948 they were granted Israeli citizenship and live with their descendents absorbed into mainstream Israeli society.

Palestine Refugees[edit]

United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) non-binding advisory^[2]^[3] Resolution 194, Article 11 "resolves that the refugees" who wish to "live at peace with their neighbors … should be permitted" to return to their homes at the "earliest practicable date".^[4]

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) defines a "Palestine Refugee" as:

"persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict."^[5]

Since after the Holocaust, and in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Holocaust survivors, Jews from displaced persons camp and Cyprus internment camps, and Jewish refugees who fled or had been expelled during the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries were initially resettled in refugee camps known variously as Immigrant camps, Ma'abarot, and "development towns" prior to absorption into mainstream Israeli society.

Conversely, Arab Palestine refugees remaine in Palestinian refugee camps, while others have been absorbed into Jordanian society or the Palestinian territories. The vast majority of Palestinian refugees today only inherited their refugee status in paternal line from ancestral Arab Palestine refugees, of which few are left.^[1]

Since 1948, the State of Israel has guaranteed citizenship to Jews from anywhere in the world, while barring return of Palestinian refugees to their homes, due to the demographic threat that they pose. Druze and other non-Arabic minorities also live absorbed in democratic Israeli society.

Role of UNRWA[edit]

UNRWA recognizes facilities in 59 designated refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. It also provided relief to displaced persons inside Israel following the 1948 conflict until the Israeli government took over responsibility for them in 1952.

For a camp to be recognized by UNRWA, there must be an agreement between the host government and UNRWA governing use of the camp. UNRWA does not itself run any camps, has no police powers or administrative role, but simply provides services to the camp. Designated refugee camps, which developed from tented cities to rows of concrete blockhouses to urban ghettos indistinguishable from their surroundings (effectively becoming urban developments within existing cities or by themselves), house around one third of all registered Palestine refugees. UNRWA also provides facilities in other areas where large numbers of registered Palestine refugees live outside of recognized camps.

UNRWA defines a Palestine refugee as:^[6]

"persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict."

UNRWA's definition of a refugee also covers the descendants of refugee males.^[6] The number of registered Palestine refugees (PR) has subsequently grown from 750,000 in 1950 to around 5 million in 2013.^[6]

List of camps[edit]

This lists Palestine refugee camps with current population and year they were established.^[7]

Mandatory Palestine[edit]

By the end of 1948 there were 20 immigrant camps across Israel. At the end of 1949 there had been 90,000 Jewish refugees housed in immigration camps; by the end of 1951 this population rose to over 220,000 people, in about 125 separate communities.^[8] In the early 1950s additionally 130,000 Iraqi Jewish refugees arrived in Israel. Over 80% of the Ma'abarot residents were Jewish refugees from Arab and Muslim countries of Middle East and North Africa.

1930s, Atlit detainee camp, tens of thousands
1940s, Kiryat Shmuel camp in Haifa
1947, Newe Haim near Hadera
1947, Kfar Azar camp
1947, Pardes Hana camp
1947, Ra'anana camp
1947-48, Bet Lid camp
1947-48, Binyamina camp
1947-48, Rosh Ha'ain camp
1947-48, Be'er Ya'acov camp
1947-48, Kiryat Eliyahu (Haifa) camp
1947-48, Kiryat Motzkin camp
1947-48, Rehovot camp
1947-48, Jerusalem camp

Israel[edit]

Over time, the Ma'abarot metamorphosed into Israeli towns, or were absorbed as neighbourhoods of the towns they were attached to, and residents were provided with permanent housing. The number of people housed in Ma'abarot began to decline since 1952, and the last Ma'abarot were closed sometime around 1963.^[8] Most of the camps transformed into Development Towns.

1949, Kiryat Shmona, 23,100
1951, Sderot, 24,000
1948, Beit She'an, 16,900
1950, Yokneam, 22,000
1950, Or Yehuda, 35,262
1953, Migdal HaEmek, 24,800

Gaza Strip[edit]

The Gaza Strip has 8 UNRWA refugee camps with 518,000 Palestine refugees, and 1,221,110 registered refugees in total (out of a population of 1,816,379).

1948, Al-Shati (Beach camp), 87,000
1949, Bureij, 34,000
1948, Deir al-Balah, 21,000
1948, Jabalia, 110,000
1949, Khan Yunis, 72,000
1949, Maghazi, 24,000
1949, Nuseirat, 66,000
1949, Rafah, 104,000

West Bank[edit]

The West Bank has 19 UNRWA refugee camps with 188,150 Palestine refugees, and 741,409 registered refugees in total (out of a population of 2,345,107).

1948, Aqabat Jaber, 6,400
1948, Ein as-Sultan, 1,900
1949, Far'a, 7,600
1949, Fawwar, 8,000
1949, Jalazone, 11,000
1949, Kalandia, 11,000
1949, Am'ari, 10,500
1949, Deir 'Ammar, 2,400
1949, Dheisheh, 13,000
1950, Aida, 4,700
1950, Al-Arroub, 10,400
1950, Askar, 15,900
1950, Balata, 23,600
1950, 'Azza (Beit Jibrin), 1,000
1950, Ein Beit al-Ma' (Camp No. 1), 6,750
1950, Tulkarm camp, 18,000
1952, Nur Shams, 9,000
1953, Jenin camp, 16,000
1965, Shuafat camp, 11,000

Syria[edit]

Syria has 10 UNRWA refugee camps with 154,758 official Palestine refugees, and 499,189 registered refugees in total (out of a population of 17,951,639).

1948, Sbeineh, 22,600
1949, Khan Eshieh [ar], 20,000
1948, Neirab, 20,500
1949, Homs, 22,000
1948, Jaramana camp, 18,658
1950, Daraa camp, 10,000
1950, Hama camp, 8,000
1950, Khan Dannun, 10,000
1967, Qabr Essit, 23,700

Three camps with a total of 164,500 inhabitants are unofficial (*).

1955-6, Latakia Camp*, 10,000
1957, Yarmouk*, 148,500
1962, Ein Al-Tal*, 6,000

Lebanon[edit]

There are 12 UNRWA refugee camps in Lebanon with 188,850 Palestine refugees, and 448,599 registered refugees in total (out of a population of 4,467,000).

1948, Bourj el-Barajneh, 17,945
1948, Ain al-Hilweh, 54,116
1948, El Buss, 11,254
1949, Nahr al-Bared, 5,857
1949, Shatila, 9,842
1948, Wavel, 8,806
1952, Mar Elias, 662
1954, Mieh Mieh, 5,250
1955, Beddawi, 16,500
1955, Burj el-Shemali, 22,789
1956, Dbayeh camp, 4,351
1963, Rashidieh, 31,478

Jordan[edit]

There are 10 UNRWA refugee camps in Jordan with 355,500 Palestine refugees, and 2,034,641 registered refugees in total (out of a population of 5,611,202).

1949, Zarqa camp, 20,000
1952, Jabal el-Hussein, 29,000
1955, Amman New Camp (Wihdat), 51,500
1967, Souf, 20,000
1968, Baqa'a, 104,000
1968, Husn (Martyr Azmi el-Mufti camp), 22,000
1968, Irbid camp, 25,000
1968, Jerash camp, 24,000
1968, Marka, 53,000
1968, Talbieh [it], 7,000

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Consolidated Eligibility and Registration Instructions" (PDF). UNRWA. Persons who meet UNRWA's Palestine Refugee criteria These are persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict. Palestine Refugees, and descendants of Palestine refugee males, including legally adopted children, are eligible to register for UNRWA services. The Agency accepts new applications from persons who wish to be registered as Palestine Refugees. Once they are registered with UNRWA, persons in this category are referred to as Registered Refugees or as Registered Palestine Refugees.
^ CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS: CHAPTER IV: THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: FUNCTIONS and POWERS: Article 10 Retrieved 7 June 21012
^ General Assembly of the United Nations: Functions and Powers of the General Assembly: Retrieved 7 June 2012
^ Resolution 194 (III) @unispal; 11 December 1948 (doc.nr. A/RES/194 (III)).; Votes: United Nations Dag Hammarskjold Library
^ "Consolidated Eligibility and Registration Instructions" (PDF). UNRWA. Persons who meet UNRWA's Palestine Refugee criteria These are persons whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict. Palestine Refugees, and descendants of Palestine refugee males, including legally adopted children, are eligible to register for UNRWA services. The Agency accepts new applications from persons who wish to be registered as Palestine Refugees. Once they are registered with UNRWA, persons in this category are referred to as Registered Refugees or as Registered Palestine Refugees.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Who We Are - UNRWA". UNRWA. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
^ "Where We Work - UNRWA". UNRWA. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
^ ^a ^b (in Hebrew) Ma'abarot by Miriam Kachenski, Israeli Center for Educational Technology