User:Envapid/sandbox/Kingdom of Fatagar
Fatagar Kingdom Petuanan Fatagar | |
|---|---|
| 16th century | |
| Capital | Fakfak |
| Common languages | Indonesian (official) Papuan Malay (main) Papuan local language (native) |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Government | Kingdom |
| Tuan Raja | |
• 16th century–unknown | Maraitat |
• unknown–1800 | Kanumbas |
• 1800–1899 | Kurkur |
• 1899–1942 | Mafa |
• 1942–1943 | Kamarudin |
• 1956–2009 | Said Arobi Uswanas |
• 2009–present | Taufiq Heru Uswanas |
| History | |
• Establishment | 16th century |
| Today part of |  Indonesia |
The Fatagar Kingdom (Papuan Malay: Petuanan Fatagar) is the kingdom of the Uswanas clan. Located in Merapi, east of the city of Fakfak, Fakfak Regency, West Papua, Indonesia.[1] Fatagar has its customary territory (Petuanan) in Fakfak District and Pariwari District.[2]
Origins[edit]
There are two legends regarding the origin of Fatagar, the first relating to the ruler of Ugar. Onin peninsula was recorded in Nagarakretagama with the name Wanin. Frobenius expedition in 1937 found remains of fort, trench and settlement in Ugar, to proof an existence of ruler of Ugar. Also recorded in folk stories from Rumbati to Patipi Bay of a Javanese expedition to the region in 15th century.[3]
The second legend recorded in Memorie van overgave van de onderafdeling Fak-Fak by van Milligen on Bah-Bah mountains, the founder of Fatagar came from Baik or Bai Mountain. From there the group split the first settling toward Onin peninsula founding Fatagar and another went further south settling on what is now Kowiai coast becoming (Namatota and Kaimana). This story is part of creation mythos based on Mount Baik, which was believed to be the origin of all humans.[3]
History[edit]
According to A.L. Vink in memorie-(vervolg) van Overgrave van de (Onder)Afdeeling West Nieuw Guinea, 1932, the ancestor of Fatagar was a local called Wariyang. One day during sunset he saw a woman on top of coconut tree, which he married. From this marriage the current dynasty of Fatagar was founded. The first person to get the title Raja from Tidore Sultanate was Maraitat. Afterward the capital was moved from Island of Ega to Merapi. According to W.J. Cator in memorie-(vervolg) van Overgrave van de (Onder)Afdeeling West Nieuw Guinea, 22 May 1937, in 1678 Johannes Keyts signed an agreement with Roema Bati (Rumbati) and Satraga (Fatagar), he referred to both rulers as Rajas, which suggest this was Maraitat or his descendant after the title Raja was used.
Raja Nggar (which sometimes was attributed to Mafa in folk stories as he is the most remembered. ) moved out of Nggar Island with Tanggahma to settle in Panjang Island. Kpadaran Uswanas (the older) and Tbedare Uswanas (the younger) farmed Tuba roots (Derris elliptica) in Panjang. One day Kpadaran and Tbedare were involved in a fight relating to Tuba roots and resulted in Tbedare moving out to Kampung Wendopma with Weyamen. In Wendopma, Tbedare opened nutmeg plantation. Afterward Kpadaran living alone in Panjang moved to Weri and Pasir Putih, before moving to Sorpeha, and finally to Merapi.
According to a similar story, Kapadaran is the another name of Raja Parar, second ruler with the title Raja. Aside from the two brothers, they also have a sister named Wuhninihitora which was wel known to be pretty, such a Muri from Baham wanted to marry her. That Muri transformed to crocodile and kidnap her to Tanasaweri in Panjang Island, and from there crossed to Weri. Kapadaran and Tbedare travelled outside of Nggar to find her, first to Panjang Island then to Weri where they found her. Afterward both brothers continued their journey to Pasir Putih and to Saweri (Panjang), Sorpeha (Horhameng) before going back to Kanasaweri. Then the brothers had their fight on Tuba roots as Tbedare roots were taken by Kapadaran, which lead to the brothers separating. Tbedari and Weyamen went to Mendopma while Kapadaran went to Nggar, during his travel he reconciled feuds of Hindom and Kabes family.
Initially the Fatagar Kingdom was in Onin, but due to conflict with the kingdom of Rumbati, this kingdom moved to Ega Island. Then move back to Merapi until now. The first king was named Maraitat. During Tidore's reign, the king was a trading agent for Tidore's interests, and was subject to Tidore Sultanate. After the Dutch came to power, the kings were confirmed by the Dutch and given a salary. They became partners for the Dutch government, although in almost all aspects the Dutch intervened.[4]
In the 1880s it was one of the most important kingdoms in the Fakfak area. At that time the Papuans had the right to go to live on Seram Island, where they also had families there.[5] Then the ancestor of king Fatagar returned and was crowned king. All the kings who ruled Fatagar were known to be quite good and wise kings. Now he is an important politician in Fakfak district, namely King Said Arobi Uswanas of the Fatagar kingdom.[6]
Most of the kingdoms here were ruled by dynasties descended from the Rumbati dynasty, or were created locally semi-royal (later independent) by the Rumbati. Fatagar is one of the royal roots and a descendant dynasty of the Rumbati dynasty.[7]
List of Kings[edit]
| Name [3] | Reign |
|---|---|
| Wariyang | unknown |
| Nawai | unknown |
| Nansoerai | unknown |
| Maraitat | 1600s |
| Parar or Kapadaran | unknown |
| Baniki | unknown |
| Tewar or Tewal | 1724-1814 [8] |
| Mafa | 1899-1942 [9] |
| Kamarudin | 1942-1943 |
| Ahmad | 1943-1956 |
| Arobi Said | 1956-2009 |
| Taufiq Heru | 2009-now |
Legacy[edit]
The development of the Fatagar Kingdom was also very dependent on the intervention of the Tidore Sultanate, so that not much historical evidence could be gathered regarding the social and cultural life in this Kingdom, including the spread of Islam.[10] One of the historical relics found in Fakfak is the Tunasgain Mosque which is estimated to be more than 400 years old.[11]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Sejarah Kerajaan Fatagar". prezi.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ "Kisah Kerajaan Islam Di Fakfak Papua Barat, Ada Sejak Abad 16". travel.detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ a b c Usmany, Dessy Polla (2014). Kerajaan Fatagar dalam Sejarah Kerajaan-Kerajaan di Fakfak Papua Barat. Yogyakarta: Kepel Press. pp. 39–73. ISBN 978-602-1228-79-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Jejak Penyebaran Islam Di Fakfak". jubi.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ "61 Kerajaan Islam di Indonesia (di Sumatera, Jawa, hingga Papua)". www.berkasilmu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ "Jejak Arkeologis Kesultanan Tidore dan Wilayah Periferinya". www.travelerien.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ "Kesultanan Dan Islam Di Papua". 123dok.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ Wanggai, Tony V.M. (2008). Rekonstruksi Sejarah Islam di Tanah Papua (PDF) (Thesis) (in Indonesian). UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. Retrieved 2022-01-30.
- ^ "Landsdrukkerij". Regeeringsalmanak voor Nederlandsch-Indie voor 1904 (in Dutch). Batavia: Ter Lands-Drukkerij. 1904. p. 296.
- ^ "Mapping Indigenous Land to Support Sustainable Development in Fakfak". inobu.org. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ "Peninggalan Islam Di Tanah Papua". www.selasar.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
Category:Precolonial states of Indonesia Category:Former sultanates Category:Islamic states in Indonesia Category:States and territories established in the 1600s Category:States and territories established in the 16th century
Miedema, J dan W.A.L. Stokhof (eds.). 1992. Irian Jaya Source Materials No. 3 Series A-No.2: Memories van Overgave van de Afdeeling West Nieuw Guinea. Leiden: DSALCUL/IRIS.
https://repository.uksw.edu/bitstream/123456789/16392/4/D_762012002_BAB%20IV.pdf
According to W.J.Cator in Memorie-(Vervolg) van Overgave van de (Onder)Afdeeling West Nieuw Guinea, tanggal 22 Mei 1937. In 1678, Johannes Keyts managed to sign a trade agreements with Rumbati and Fatagar. Where both of these entities were refered to with King title. Some scholars suspect this might refer to Maraitat or later rulers, as ‘Raja’ or king title was only used later on after being granted by Tidore.
There are many version on folk legends and tales on the travel of Maraitat’s sons, Kapadaran and Tbedare. In one version, both opened tuba roots(D. elliptica) farms, (the poison was used to hunt fishes) in Panjang Island. However soon they went quarrel because of competition and as a result, Tbedare along with his companion, Weyamen, move to Mendopma village. There they opened a Nutmeg plantation. Kapadaran felt lonely, so he went on a journey from Panjang, he went to Weri and Pasir Putih, go to Sorpeha, before finally settling in Merapi.
In another more complicated version, Kapadaran and Tbedare have a sister named, Wuhninihitora who was well known to be pretty. A Muri from Baham, fell in love with her and decided to kidnap her, by transforming into a crocodile. He brought Wuhninihitora to tanasaweri in Panjang, before moving to Weri. The brothers tried to free their sister, So they went to Panjang, before finally arriving in Weri. They were all reunited there. They then went to Saweri (Panjang), Sorpeha (Horhameng), before finally arriving in Kanasaweri (Panjang). There the brothers had a quarrel, where apparently Tbedare’s matured tuba roots were taken by Kapadaran. As a result the brothers went on their separate ways, Tbedare were taken by Weyamen to Mendopma. While Kapadaran went back to Ngar. In this journey, he settled conflicts between Hindom family and Kabes family.
According to A.L.Vink in memorie-(Vervolg) van Overgave van de (Onder)Afdeeling West Nieuw Guinea, written in 1932. After Fatagar kings settled in Merapi, all the king and his descendants on the island died out. The remaining royal line survivors were Mafa and Ira, who were educated in Pasir Putih, by an Alifuru (moluccan). Mafa then returned to Merapi, where He was nominated to be Raja (king) by the elders, while Ira was nominated to be Raja Muda. However in 1920, Ira was deposed because he acted arbitrarily and extorted the villagers. He was changed with Mafa’s son Kamarudin.
According to oral history, to pick Mafa from Geser who was there studying islam, there are 9 rowers, Dopis Tanggahma, Abubakar Tanggahma, Tragar, Tetar, Mbua, Kasumba, Senang, Tenregma, and Mandesiani. To found Mafa, they asked a Butonese, where they must come really early and pick the boy who hang his bag. Mafa asked to change his sarong with shorts however as they were in a hurry, they prohibited him. If other families found out more people will try to come and they will be late. So they hurriedly went to Merapi where the elders and the Dutch to be picked as Raja (king).
In another version, there is an involvement of a figure called Nahkoda Hakim. According to this version, when the Netherlands came to Fakfak, the people were afraid. When the Dutch tried to communicate with the villagers, they couldn’t understand malay at the time. So the villagers remembered of a certain Mafa who had explored outside and was educated in Gorom (Seram island). He was considered smart and able to speak Malay fluently, that is why the elders asked Nahkoda Hakim to find the boy. More specifically, he was asked by the elders to write a letter communicating with the dutch that the elders had chosen Mafa. This is because nobody in Merapi was able to write, so to make it “official”, Tenregma hold Nahkoda Hakim’s hand while writting the letter.