User:Eewilson/sandbox 6

Eewilson/sandbox 6
Conservation status
	; Apparently Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Symphyotrichum
Section:	Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
Species:	S. eulae
Binomial name
	Symphyotrichum eulae; (Shinners) G.L.Nesom
	Endemic to north-central Texas
Synonyms
	Aster eulae Shinners;

Symphyotrichum eulae (formerly Aster eulae) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to north-central Texas. Commonly known as Eula's aster or Texas aster, it is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights between 5 centimeters (2 inches) and 1.5 meters (5 feet). Usually, its flowers have white to bluish or lavender-white ray florets and yellow then reddish to brown disk florets. It is named for Eula Whitehouse, American botanist, botanical illustrator, and plant collector.

Description[edit]

S. eulae is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach heights between 5 cm (2 in) and 1.5 m (5 ft). It grows from a long and thick rhizome and forms colonies of plants that each have one to three or more erect, straight, and stout glabrous (hairless) stems.^[6]

Leaves[edit]

Flowers[edit]

Involucres and phyllaries[edit]

Florets[edit]

Usually, its flowers have white to bluish or lavender-white ray florets and yellow then reddish to brown disk florets.^[6]

Fruit[edit]

Chromosomes[edit]

S. eulae has a monoploid number (also called base number) of eight chromosomes (x = 8). The species is hexaploid with six sets of the chromosomes for a total chromosome count of 48.^[6]

Taxonomy[edit]

Classification[edit]

Symphyotrichum eulae is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum, section Symphyotrichum, subsection Dumosi.^[7] It is one of the "bushy asters and relatives."^[8] Its basionym (original scientific name) is Aster eulae,^[9] and its name with author citations is Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom.^[2] Botanist Lloyd Herbert Shinners described the species in 1950, classifying it within the genus Aster.^[10]^[11]

Placement within Symphyotrichum

Symphyotrichum

subg. Chapmaniana^{[ref 2]}^: 133

S. chapmanii

subg. Astropolium^{[ref 2]}^: 133

	S. divaricatum

	S. glabrifolium

	S. graminifolium

	S. martii

	S. parviflorum

	S. patagonicum

	S. peteroanum

	S. potosinum

	S. regnellii

	S. subulatum

	S. tenuifolium

	S. vahlii

subg. Virgulus^{[ref 1]}^: 272

sect. Ericoidei^{[ref 1]}^: 274

	S. ericoides

	S. falcatum

sect. Patentes^{[ref 1]}^: 274

ssect. Brachyphylli^{[ref 1]}^: 274

	S. adnatum

	S. walteri

ssect. Patentes^{[ref 1]}^: 274

	S. georgianum

	S. patens

	S. phlogifolium

sect. Grandiflori^{[ref 1]}^: 273

ssect. Mexicanae^{[ref 1]}^: 273

	S. bimater

	S. chihuahuense

	S. hintonii

	S. moranense

	S. purpurascens

	S. trilineatum

	S. turneri

ssect. Grandiflori^{[ref 1]}^: 273

	S. campestre

	S. estesii

	S. fendleri

	S. fontinale

	S. grandiflorum

	S. oblongifolium

	S. pygmaeum

	S. yukonense

sect. Polyliguli^{[ref 2]}^: 133

S. novae-angliae

sect. Concolores^{[ref 1]}^: 275

	S. concolor

	S. lucayanum

	S. plumosum

	S. pratense

	S. sericeum

subg. Ascendentes^{[ref 3]}^{[ref 2]}^: 133

	S. ascendens

	S. defoliatum

subg. Symphyotrichum^{[ref 1]}^: 267

sect. Conyzopsis^{[ref 1]}^: 271

	S. ciliatum

	S. frondosum

	S. laurentianum

sect. Occidentales^{[ref 1]}^: 271

	S. chilense

	S. eatonii

	S. foliaceum

	S. greatae

	S. hallii

	S. hendersonii

	S. jessicae

	S. lentum

	S. molle

	S. spathulatum

	S. subspicatum

sect. Turbinelli^{[ref 2]}^: 133

S. turbinellum

sect. Symphyotrichum^{[ref 1]}^: 268

ssect. Dumosi^{[ref 1]}^: 269

	S. boreale

	S. bullatum

	S. burgessii

	S. carnerosanum

	S. dumosum

	S. eulae

	S. lanceolatum

	S. lateriflorum

	S. leone

	S. nahanniense

	S. ontarionis

	S. praealtum

	S. racemosum

	S. schaffneri

	S. simmondsii

	S. tradescantii

	S. welshii

ssect. Heterophylli^{[ref 2]}^: 133

ser. Concinni^{[ref 2]}^: 133

	S. laeve

	S. oolentangiense

ser. Cordifolii^{[ref 2]}^: 133

	S. anomalum

	S. ciliolatum

	S. cordifolium

	S. drummondii

	S. shortii

	S. undulatum

	S. urophyllum

ssect. Porteriani^{[ref 1]}^: 270

	S. depauperatum

	S. kentuckiense

	S. parviceps

	S. pilosum

	S. porteri

ssect. Symphyotrichum

ser. Punicei^{[ref 2]}^: 133

	S. elliottii

	S. firmum

	S. prenanthoides

	S. puniceum

	S. rhiannon

ser. Symphyotrichum

	S. anticostense

	S. novi-belgii

	S. retroflexum

	S. robynsianum

Cladogram references

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.
^ Sugbenus Ascendentes is made up of two allopolyploid species with historic parents from subg. Virgulus and subg. Symphyotrichum.

History[edit]

^[12]

Etymology[edit]

The plant was named by Shinners for Eula Whitehouse, American botanist, botanical illustrator, and plant collector.^[13] Its common names are Eula's aster^[6] and Texas aster.^[4]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

endemic to Texas.^[6]

^[12] p. 36:

^[14] pp. 37–38: counties of specimens

BEXAR Bexar County, Texas
BRAZOS Brazos County, Texas (see herbarium specimen in article)
CALHOUN Calhoun County, Texas
COOKE Cooke County, Texas
DALLAS Dallas County, Texas
DENTON Denton County, Texas
HILL Hill County, Texas p. 36 TYPE
HOPKINS Hopkins County, Texas p. 36
HUNT Hunt County, Texas
KAUFMAN Kaufman County, Texas
NAVARRO Navarro County, Texas
ROCKWALL Rockwall County, Texas
TARRANT Tarrant County, Texas
WISE Wise County, Texas
WOOD Wood County, Texas p. 36

^[15]

^[12]

Conservation[edit]

As of January 2023^[update], NatureServe listed Symphyotrichum eulae as Apparently Secure (G4) globally and the same (S4) in Texas. Data was provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Wildlife Diversity Branch. The global status of S. eulae was last reviewed by NatureServe on 1 February 1994.^[1]

Uses[edit]

Shinners reported "also in cultivation"^[12]

Notes[edit]

^ This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of S. eulae as described by Lloyd Herbert Shinners. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of Aster eulae. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood.^[3] The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: Anderson, Austin, Bastrop, Bell, Bosque, Brazos, Burleson, Caldwell, Collin, Colorado, Comal, Coryell, DeWitt, Ellis, Falls, Fayette, Freestone, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Hays, Henderson, Hood, Jack, Johnson, Karnes, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Madison, McLennan, Milam, Parker, Rains, Robertson, Smith, Somervell, Travis, Van Zandt, Victoria, Waller, Washington, Williamson, and Wilson.^[5] Only McLennan County is green on the S. eulae page in the USDA PLANTS database.^[4]

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Citations[edit]

^ ^a ^b NatureServe (2023).
^ ^a ^b ^c POWO (2023).
^ ^a ^b Shinners (1950), p. 36,37,38.
^ ^a ^b ^c USDA, NRCS (2014).
^ Shinners (1950), p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brouillet et al. (2006).
^ Semple (2021b).
^ Semple (n.d.).
^ IPNI (2022b).
^ Shinners (1950), p. 35.
^ IPNI (2022a).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Shinners (1950), p. 36.
^ Shinners (1950), p. 37.
^ Shinners (1950), p. 37–38.
^ Weakley (2022).

References[edit]

Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum eulae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 12 July 2021 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006a). "Symphyotrichum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 November 2020 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
IPNI (2022a). "Aster eulae Shinners, Field & Lab. 18: 35 (1950)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
IPNI (2022b). "Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 281 (1995)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
IPNI (2022c). "Aster praealtus var. imbricatior Wiegand Rhodora 35: 26 (1933)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
NatureServe (6 January 2023). "Symphyotrichum eulae Eula's American-aster". explorer.natureserve.org. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
POWO (2023). "Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
Semple, J.C. (n.d.). "Symphyotrichum subsect. Dumosi: Bushy Asters and Relatives". www.uwaterloo.ca. Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
Semple, J.C. (27 April 2021a). "An overview of "asters" and the Tribe Astereae". www.uwaterloo.ca. Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Semple, J.C. (17 May 2021b). "Classification of Symphyotrichum in the restricted sense". www.uwaterloo.ca. Ontario. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Shinners, L.H. (1 January 1950). "Notes on Texas Compositae – V". Field & Laboratory. 18 (1). University Park, Texas: Southern Methodist University: 32–42. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
USDA, NRCS (2014). "Symphyotrichum eulae". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
Weakley, A.S. (2022). "Symphyotrichum eulae (Shinners) G.L.Nesom". Flora of the Southeastern United States (fsus.ncbg.unc.edu). North Carolina Botanical Garden. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

[nesom1994-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[shb2002-14] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.

[15] Sugbenus Ascendentes is made up of two allopolyploid species with historic parents from subg. Virgulus and subg. Symphyotrichum.

[6] This is a county map of east central Texas showing the range of S. eulae as described by Lloyd Herbert Shinners. Darker green shaded counties were in Shinners' 1950 protologue of Aster eulae. Lighter green shaded counties are within the area covered by Shinners' description. Darker green counties are, alphabetically, as follows: Bexar, Calhoun, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Hill, Hunt, Kaufman, Navarro, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise, and Wood.^[3] The following counties are shaded lighter green because they are within Shinners' range but are not specifically named by him: Anderson, Austin, Bastrop, Bell, Bosque, Brazos, Burleson, Caldwell, Collin, Colorado, Comal, Coryell, DeWitt, Ellis, Falls, Fayette, Freestone, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Hays, Henderson, Hood, Jack, Johnson, Karnes, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Limestone, Madison, McLennan, Milam, Parker, Rains, Robertson, Smith, Somervell, Travis, Van Zandt, Victoria, Waller, Washington, Williamson, and Wilson.^[5] Only McLennan County is green on the S. eulae page in the USDA PLANTS database.^[4]

[FOOTNOTENatureServe2023-1] NatureServe (2023).

[FOOTNOTEPOWO2023-2] POWO (2023).

[FOOTNOTEShinners195036,37,38-3] Shinners (1950), p. 36,37,38.

[FOOTNOTEUSDA,_NRCS2014-4] USDA, NRCS (2014).

[FOOTNOTEShinners1950p._36:_"Common_in_north_central_Texas,_from_Hopkins_and_Wood_west_to_Cooke_and_Wise_counties;_extending_south_to_Bexar_and_Calhoun_counties"-5] Shinners (1950), p. 36: "Common in north central Texas, from Hopkins and Wood west to Cooke and Wise counties; extending south to Bexar and Calhoun counties".

[FOOTNOTEBrouilletSempleAllenChambers2006-7] Brouillet et al. (2006).

[FOOTNOTESemple2021b-8] Semple (2021b).

[FOOTNOTESemplen.d.-9] Semple (n.d.).

[FOOTNOTEIPNI2022b-10] IPNI (2022b).

[FOOTNOTEShinners195035-11] Shinners (1950), p. 35.

[FOOTNOTEIPNI2022a-12] IPNI (2022a).

[FOOTNOTEShinners195036-18] Shinners (1950), p. 36.

[FOOTNOTEShinners195037-19] Shinners (1950), p. 37.

[FOOTNOTEShinners195037–38-20] Shinners (1950), p. 37–38.

[FOOTNOTEWeakley2022-21] Weakley (2022).

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