User:Birdsgeek/Pär Bengtsson

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This is a page I use to create articles, not only the one about Pär Bengtsson.
I figured it would be easier to do that then make and delete a new page each time.

1970 Colombian Football[edit]

Campeonato Profesional
Season1970
ChampionsDeportivo Cali (4th title)
Copa LibertadoresDeportivo Cali
Junior
Top goalscorerJosé María Ferrero and Walter Sossa (27 goals)
← 1969
1971 →

The 1970 Campeonato Profesional was the 22nd season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 14 teams competed against one another. Deportivo Cali won their fourth league title.[1]

Teams[edit]

Team City Stadium
América de Cali Cali Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero
Atlético Bucaramanga Bucaramanga Estadio Alfonso López
Atlético Nacional Medellín Estadio Atanasio Girardot
Cúcuta Deportivo Cúcuta Estadio General Santander
Deportes Quindío Armenia Estadio San José de Armenia
Deportes Tolima Ibagué Estadio Serrano de Ávila
Deportivo Cali Cali Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero
Deportivo Pereira Pereira Estadio Alberto Mora Mora
Independiente Medellín Medellín Estadio Atanasio Girardot
Junior Barranquilla Estadio Romelio Martínez
Millonarios Bogotá Estadio El Campín
Once Caldas Manizales Estadio Fernando Londoño y Londoño
Santa Fe Bogotá Estadio El Campín
Unión Magdalena Santa Marta Estadio Eduardo Santos

Torneo Apertura[edit]

Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Santa Fe 26 14 9 3 40 21 +19 37 Quadrangular Final
2 Junior 26 12 9 5 41 30 +11 33
3 Once Caldas 26 12 7 7 43 43 0 31
4 Independiente Medellín 26 12 6 8 32 29 +3 30
5 Cúcuta Deportivo 26 10 8 8 43 30 +13 28
6 Millonarios 26 8 11 7 41 29 +12 27
7 Deportivo Cali 26 8 10 8 33 30 +3 26
8 Atlético Nacional 26 10 6 10 40 43 −3 26
9 Unión Magdalena 26 7 11 8 30 36 −6 25
10 América de Cali 26 8 8 10 30 34 −4 24
11 Deportes Quindío 26 3 15 8 24 37 −13 21
12 Atlético Bucaramanga 26 7 6 13 30 42 −12 20
13 Deportes Tolima 26 4 11 11 27 37 −10 19
14 Deportivo Pereira 26 3 11 12 30 43 −13 17
Source: RSSSF

Torneo Finalización[edit]

Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Deportivo Cali 26 13 11 2 34 15 +19 37 Quadrangular Final
2 Cúcuta Deportivo 26 15 3 8 47 38 +9 33
3 Unión Magdalena 26 12 6 8 38 32 +6 30
4 Santa Fe 26 9 11 6 36 31 +5 29
5 América de Cali 26 9 11 6 46 29 +17 29
6 Millonarios 26 11 7 8 34 28 +6 29
7 Independiente Medellín 26 9 8 9 28 30 −2 26
8 Once Caldas 26 9 7 10 30 29 +1 25
9 Junior 26 8 7 11 44 46 −2 23
10 Atlético Bucaramanga 26 7 9 10 27 34 −7 23
11 Deportes Tolima 26 6 10 10 39 44 −5 22
12 Deportes Quindío 26 7 7 12 19 31 −12 21
13 Deportivo Pereira 26 8 4 14 32 48 −16 20
14 Atlético Nacional 26 3 10 13 28 43 −15 16
Source: RSSSF

Quadrangular Final[edit]

Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Deportivo Cali (C) 6 2 3 1 7 3 +4 7 Qualified for 1971 Copa Libertadores
2 Junior 6 2 3 1 9 6 +3 7
3 Santa Fe 6 1 5 0 8 6 +2 7
4 Cúcuta Deportivo 6 0 3 3 5 14 −9 3
Source: RSSSF
(C) Champions


 Campeonato Profesional
1970 Champion 
Deportivo Cali
4th title

Jose Maria Ferrero[edit]

Jose Maria Ferrero
Personal information
Place of birth Buenos Aires
Position(s) Striker
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1957-1960 Racing Club 20 (9)
1960-1966 Newell's Old Boys 58 (13)
1967-1969 Millionarios 117 (85)
1954-1955 Deportivo Cucuta 42 (27)
*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 7 May 2020

Jose Maria Ferrero was an Argentinian footballer who played as a striker.[2]

1951 Nascar[edit]

Pos. Driver Races Points
DAB CHA MOB GAR OCC ARZ NWS MAR CAN CLM COL DAY GAR GRI BAI PIT WEA MON ALT DET TOL MOR GRN DAR COL MAC LAN CHA DAY WIL OCC THO SHI MAR OAK NWS HAN JCK ATL GAR MOB
0 Seychelles Placeholder 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 10000

Weapon[edit]

In biology, a weapon is a trait that is used by animals to compete with other individuals for resources.[3] Most commonly, the term refers to structures that males to fight other males off for access to mates.[4] A mate is won in battle either by a male chasing off a fellow competitor or killing it off, usually leaving the victor as the only option for the female to reproduce with.[5] However, because stronger organisms, whether mentally or physically, are usually favored in combat, this also leads to the evolution of stronger organisms in species that use combat as a way to secure mates, via intrasexual selection.[6] Examples of weapons include: antlers, horns, and ossicones.

Since Darwin's publication The Descent of Man, extensive research has been done on the presence of agonistic behavior and the usage of animal weaponry by different species.[7] Weaponry displays in animals have been found to increase their likelihood of survival in different ways, such as when interacting with other individuals or trying to find another mate.[8] Weaponry in animals consist of any specialized morphology that is present within an organisms to aid in its advantage against rivals.[7] These specialized structures have different functions for animals such as competition for resources and mates, protection from predators, and much more. With the evolution of weaponry, many hypotheses have been produced by researchers to possibly explain the mechanisms behind its rapid diversification within species.[9] 

Gallery[edit]

Evolution[edit]

Animal weaponry is capable of drastic and rapid diversification in form with species within the same clade having distinctly different weaponry.[9] One hypothesized mechanism for this is the gradual change in weaponry function from physical agonistic behavior to weaponry display resulting in potentially more elaborate weapons present.[9] Another possible mechanism is the presence of male-male combat, with diverging lineages of animals expanding into different habitats and then fighting under different conditions. Changes in the physical contest between species in different environments may potentially drive the evolution in modified weaponry.[9]

Competition[edit]

Agonistic behaviors amongst animals for resources have been studied by many researchers, and specifically the interaction of weapons during these exchanges of behavior.[7] Not only the presence of weaponry, but also specific characteristics of the weaponry itself can have an effect on the outcome of competition in determining the winners and losers from an intraspecies competition.[9] The display of weaponry has been found to be favored in animals that frequently engage in contest as a mechanism to decrease the costs of aggression.[9] Displays are considered any behavior that is used to show a species' fighting ability without any physical contact. This behavior allows for rivals to have the chance to assess the weaponry that is present to determine whether to engage in physical agonistic behavior or not.[7]

Selection[edit]

Darwin's idea of sexual selection has been a main focus on weaponry and antagonist interactions between animals, with males that present the largest weapons having the highest probability of winning.[10] Sexual selection has been credited by previous researchers as the main influence of nature's extravagant weaponry for the purpose of attractive females.[9] During agonistic interactions, there is the potential risk of weaponry lost resulting in a possible decrease in an individual's fighting ability and overall fitness.[10]

Female Weaponry[edit]

Since Darwin's The Descent of Man and The origin of species, research has been heavily focused on weaponry in male animals, potentially leaving out females and their possible mechanisms behind present weaponry.[11] Presence of weapons in females, and female-female competition has been seen in many species for better fitness of both sexual and social selection.[12][11] Social selection, first hypothesized by Mary Jane West-Eberhard, is a broader term that includes both sexual and non sexual behaviors to increase an individual's fitness.[11] For example, research has suggested that horns present in female bovids, may have evolved from competition for resources such as food.[12]   

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Colombia 1970". rsssf.com. Retrieved 12 Jun 2022.
  2. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20160409135101/http://www.once-onze.narod.ru/ARGENTINA/F/Fe/Ferrero_Jose_Maria.pdf
  3. ^ Palaoro, Alexandre V. (2022-07-04). "The hidden links between animal weapons, fighting style, and their effect on contest success: a meta-analysis". Biological Reviews. 97 (5): 1948–1966. doi:10.1111/brv.12877.
  4. ^ Lane, Sarah M. (2018-07-19). "What is a weapon?". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 58 (6): 1055–1063. doi:10.1093/icb/icy083.
  5. ^ Krebs, J. R., and Nicholas B. Davies. "Sexual Selection, Sperm Competition and Sexual Conflict." An Introduction to Behavioral Ecology. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 2012.
  6. ^ "Charles Darwin & Evolution." Charles Darwin & Evolution. Apr. 2014. <http://darwin200.christs.cam.ac.uk/pages/index.php?page_id=d4 Archived 2014-05-21 at the Wayback Machine>.
  7. ^ a b c d Palaoro, Alexandre V.; Peixoto, Paulo Enrique Cardoso (2022). "The hidden links between animal weapons, fighting style, and their effect on contest success: a meta-analysis". Biological Reviews. 97 (5): 1948–1966. doi:10.1111/brv.12877. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 35790073. S2CID 250282536.
  8. ^ Lane, Sarah M (2018-07-19). "What is a weapon?". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 58 (6): 1055–1063. doi:10.1093/icb/icy083. hdl:10026.1/16293. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 30010939.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Emlen, Douglas J. (2008-12-01). "The Evolution of Animal Weapons". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 39 (1): 387–413. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173502. ISSN 1543-592X.
  10. ^ a b Emberts, Zachary; St. Mary, Colette M.; Herrington, Tyler J.; Miller, Christine W. (2018-05-03). "Males missing their sexually selected weapon have decreased fighting ability and mating success in a competitive environment". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 72 (5): 81. doi:10.1007/s00265-018-2494-6. ISSN 1432-0762. S2CID 253820366.
  11. ^ a b c Tobias, Joseph A.; Montgomerie, Robert; Lyon, Bruce E. (2012-08-19). "The evolution of female ornaments and weaponry: social selection, sexual selection and ecological competition". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 367 (1600): 2274–2293. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0280. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 3391421. PMID 22777016.
  12. ^ a b Stankowich, Theodore; Caro, Tim (2009). "Evolution of Weaponry in Female Bovids". Proceedings: Biological Sciences. 276 (1677): 4329–4334. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1256. ISSN 0962-8452. JSTOR 40506066. PMC 2817105. PMID 19759035.

If I want to add music[edit]

{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \key cis \minor \time 4/4 a16 cis' fis8 e \clef bass \key cis \minor } }
{ \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \relative c' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 e16 c a bis r32 a16 bis r32 b16 c fis r32 c16 a gis r32 \clef treble \key e \major \time 4/4 cis a dis32 dis16 r32 b16 r32 e16 a g r8 eis16 r32 a16 dis r32 \clef treble \key cis \major \time 4/4 dis,16 fis bis, eis r32 bis16 r32 dis16 ais cis32 cis16 eis r32 b16 r4 \clef guitar\key c \major } }
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