User:पाटलिपुत्र/sandbox

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Photos:

  • Astvatsankal Monastery (Gavit and muqarnas vault with oculus)
  • Horomos Mausoleum of Aruits (composite)
  • Harichavank
  • Gochavank gavit
  • Ivane color

A colophon from 1292 mention Amir Hasan I and Mongol rule: {{quote|This book was written in the Armenian calendar year 741 (= 1292), under the rule of the oppresser, of strange appearance and ruthless, which is called Tatar, of the impious race of Cathay, who invaded the whole world because of our sins. And they are so ruthless and cruel that brother kills brother and father kills son, but God's punishment will come.

And this year, because of our sins, divine wrath fell upon Christians, since the cursed people of Muhammad arose from Egypt, came and took possession of the impregnable Horomklay, patriarchal seat, by means of war machines and took prisoner the Catholikos Stephanos and every consecrated object, and destroyed that land and exterminated all the Christians with the sword and slavery, up to Teodosiopoli and, apart from Ani, destroyed the whole country.

This book was written in the region called Vayoc Jor, in the hermitage called Alaw, under the protection of the Mother of Jesus and of Saint George and of other saints, under the priestly guidance of the province of Stepannos, benevolent and philanthropist, and under the government of the sons of the glorious prince of princes Pros, Papak' and Amir Hasan.

And I, the vardapet Mateos, by order and with the support of Amir Hasan, I built the premises of this monastery inhabited by monks, I built the church and zamatun. But this year an indelible pain came, since the prince of princes (isxanac isxan) Amir Hasan passed to Christ with death, and the whole world fell into mourning and sadness, Armenians, Georgians, Abkhaz and Romeans. And he, although he was called "prince of the princes", was actually inseparable from the kings, all from the good news and the fame of him, so much so that both the distant people sobbed and groaned than those nearby. But he left as lieutenant his son, who he is called Eacci, endowed with all the virtues of his father, who is the Lord May Jesus be preserved for a long time in honor and glory, amen [...]|Colophon of Xalbakeank.[1]


Saladin began his military carreer in the army of Nur ad-Din, during the Zengid conquest Egypt in 1163-1169.[2]

The Tesinsky culture was a culture of the Minusinsks basin, from the 1st century BCE to the 1st century CE.[3] The Tesinsky culture was at the junction between the Tagar culture and the culture of the Xiongnu and the Xianbei, and artistic evolutions can be traced to that period.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ VANLINT, THEO MAARTEN (2010). "THE MONGOLS IN MEDIEVAL ARMENIAN POETRY" (PDF). Gaznavet: 515–516.
  2. ^ Lyons & Jackson 1982, pp. 6–7.
  3. ^ "Hall 31. Tesinsky culture exhibit". State Hermitage Museum.
  4. ^ Байбердина (Талягина), М. А. (24 September 2019). "ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ ТЕСИНСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ В МИНУСИНСКОЙ КОТЛОВИНЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА". Теория и практика археологических исследований (in Russian). 27 (3): 20–34. doi:10.14258/tpai(2019)3(27).-02. ISSN 2712-8202.

The Medieval Turks

  • Peerless images : Persian painting and its sources
  • "Mais, al-Jāḥiẓ fait allusion ici aux étrangers de façon générale et non pas aux Turcs. Il est encore moins évident que le gouverneur soit un Turc quand on lit comment Ibn Butlān décrivait les esclaves turques au XIe siècle :

«À la peau claire, les femmes turques sont pleines de grâce et d’animation. Elles ont de petits yeux mais séduisants. Elles sont costaudes et elles ont tendance d’être petites de taille. Il n’y a que très peu de grandes femmes entre elles.» p.350

<imagemap>File:JoshuaReynoldsParty.jpg|Image map example of [[The Club (dining club)|The Club]]. Clicking on a person in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article.|350px|thumb rect 0 0 300 200 [[File:Map_of_the_Uyghur_Khaganate.png|Map of the Uyghur Khaganate]] </imagemap> <!--<imagemap>File:Map Asia physical (continental).png|300px|--> c.

Cocoon pottery Rong and Di unfluences in Chong, Alan (1 January 2011). Terracotta Warriors: The First Emperor and His Legacy. Asian Civilisations Museum. p. 70.

Sources:

  • Establishment of a Khanate on the Yenesei river in 840 CE (would be the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate), by defeated the Uyghur Khanate. With the Mongol invasions, were displaved from Siberia to today's Kyrgystan. Conversion to Sunni Islam in the 16th-17th century. 1700s: fell under the weak control of the Kokand Khanate. Vassal state of the Russian Empire from 1868. [6]
  • From 840, creation of the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate, between the Yenesei and Orkhon river, agains the Uyghur Khanate. Central Asia's most powerful state ("Great Kyrgyz") between 840-925. Destruction of the original Yenesei Kyrgyz Khanate by the Mongol invasions from 1218. Resettled in the Tian Shan and Xianjiang areas. The Kyrgiz were Conquered by the Four Oirat in 16th century. Became independent from Oirat rule in 1510, and established a Kyrgiz Khanate in 1514 ("In 1510, the Kyrgyz threw off Oirat rule and established a Kyrgyz Khanate in 1514."). Invasion by the "Kalmyks" (?) in 1683-1685... this would be the Dzungar Khanate rather. Followed Kyrgyz dispersion in Xinjiang and Central Asia. Returned to the Tian Shan region after the defeat of the Dzungar Khanate by the Qing Empire in 1758. Lived there under Chinese rule. Kyrgyz diplomatic ties with Russia in 1775. 1830s: a Kyrgyz tribe backed by the Khanate of Kokand conquered all the other Kyrgyz tribe, establishing Uzbek Kokand rule. Entrenchement of Islam as a consequence. 1854: one Kyrgyz trive appeals for Russia protection, so that the Russians built a fort at Pishpek. 1867: placement under Russian protection, againt Kokand. 1870: Kyrgyz revolt against Kokand, Russian invasion and destruction of Kokand. Followed by Kyrgyz jihad against Russian domination, but submission to Russian rule in 1876... Russification and influx of colonists ensued. [7]
  • Independence from Mongol rule in 1510. Defeat against the Kalmuks (Dzungar Khanate) in the 17th century, Qing dynasty (18th century), and Uzbeks (Kokand Khanate) 18-19th century (intermittently 1710-1876). Four major wars against the Uzbeks in 1845-1873. Russian protection and invasion in 1876. [8]
  • Establishment of the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate (6-13th century). Destruction of the Uyghur Empire in 840 CE. Defeat by the Khitan Khanate in the 10th century and the Mongol in the 13th, and resettlement in the Tian Shan region. Fell under Chagatai rule. Independence (from the Golden Horde??) in 1510. Invasion by the Dzungar Khanate in 1685. Subjects of the Qing after the defeat of the Dzungars to the Qing in 1758. Then domination by the Kokand Khanate and resistance... [9]
  • Independence from the Chagatai in 1510, but conquered by the Dzungars in the 1680s.[10]
  • Same [11]
  • "Kyrgyz beks" for History of Civilization in Central Asia [12], but also "Kyrgyz Khans": "In particular, there are episodes in the epic Manas concerning the celebration of funerals of the Kyrgyz khan" (p.118) "allies of the Kyrgyz khans in their struggle against foreign conquerors" (p.113)
  • Kyrgyz confederacies [13][14]
  • "The Kyrgyz Khanate was established in Tian Shan by Khan Ajmet " [15]
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