Trichoglossus

Trichoglossus
	Rainbow lorikeet (T. moluccanus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittaculidae
Tribe:	Loriini
Genus:	Trichoglossus; Stephens, 1826
Type species
	Psittacus haematodus; coconut lorikeet; Linnaeus, 1771

Trichoglossus is a genus of lorikeet in the Psittaculidae or true parrot superfamily. The genus is distributed widely through Australia, Wallacea and Melanesia, with outliers in the Philippines and Micronesia. Members of the genus are characterised by barring, sometimes prominently, on the upper breast.^[1]

Taxonomy[edit]

The genus Trichoglossus was introduced in 1826 by the English naturalist James Francis Stephens.^[2] The name combines the Ancient Greek thrix meaning "hair" and glōssa meaning "tongue".^[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the coconut lorikeet.^[4]^[5]

Following the publication of a molecular phylogenetic study of the lorikeets in 2020, three species were moved from Trichoglossus to the newly erected genus Saudareos. These were the Mindanao lorikeet, the ornate lorikeet and the Sula lorikeet (formerly the citrine lorikeet).^[6]^[7]^[8]

Species[edit]

The genus contains ten species:^[8]

Genus **Trichoglossus** – Stephens, 1826 – ten species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Pohnpei lorikeet	Trichoglossus rubiginosus (Bonaparte, 1850)	Pohnpei (Micronesia)	Size: Habitat: Diet:	NT
Scaly-breasted lorikeet	Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus (Kuhl, 1820)	Eastern Australia	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Coconut lorikeet	Trichoglossus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1771) Six subspecies T. h. haematodus T. h. massena T. h. nesophilus T. h. flavicans T. h. deplanchii T. h. nigrogularis	south Moluccas, west New Guinea and east to Loyalty Islands	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Biak Lorikeet	Trichoglossus rosenbergii Schlegel, 1871	Biak Island	Size: Habitat: Diet:	VU
Rainbow lorikeet	Trichoglossus moluccanus (Gmelin, 1788) Two subspecies T. m. septentrionalis Robinson, 1900 T. m. moluccanus (Gmelin, JF, 1788)	Australia, (introduced to Hong Kong)	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Red-collared lorikeet	Trichoglossus rubritorquis Vigors & Horsfield, 1827	east Lesser Sundas to north Australia	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Olive-headed lorikeet	Trichoglossus euteles (Temminck, 1835)	Lesser Sundas: Indonesia and Timor-Leste	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Marigold lorikeet	Trichoglossus capistratus (Bechstein, 1811)	Islands of Sumba, Wetar and Timor in south-east Asia	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Leaf lorikeet	Trichoglossus weberi (Büttikofer, 1894)	Flores	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Sunset lorikeet	Trichoglossus forsteni Bonaparte, 1850	west Lesser Sunda Islands	Size: Habitat: Diet:	EN

References[edit]

^ Low, Rosemary (1978). Lories and Lorikeets. Inkata Press: Melbourne. p. 69. ISBN 0-909605-08-4.
^ Stephens, James Francis (1812). General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History. Vol. 14, Part 1. London: Kearsley et al. p. 129.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Lesson, René P. (1828). Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Roret. p. 147.
^ Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 382. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
^ Smith, B.T.; Mauck, W.M.I.; Benz, B.W.; Andersen, M.J. (2020). "Uneven missing data skew phylogenomic relationships within the lories and lorikeets". Genome Biology and Evolution. 12 (7): 1131–1147. doi:10.1093/gbe/evaa113. PMC 7486955. PMID 32470111.
^ Joseph, L.; Merwin, J.; Smith, B.T. (2020). "Improved systematics of lorikeets reflects their evolutionary history and frames conservation priorities". Emu – Austral Ornithology. 120 (3): 201–215. Bibcode:2020EmuAO.120..201J. doi:10.1080/01584197.2020.1779596.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 July 2021.

[1] Low, Rosemary (1978). Lories and Lorikeets. Inkata Press: Melbourne. p. 69. ISBN 0-909605-08-4.

[2] Stephens, James Francis (1812). General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History. Vol. 14, Part 1. London: Kearsley et al. p. 129.

[3] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[4] Lesson, René P. (1828). Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espèces d'oiseaux (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Roret. p. 147.

[5] Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 382. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.

[6] Smith, B.T.; Mauck, W.M.I.; Benz, B.W.; Andersen, M.J. (2020). "Uneven missing data skew phylogenomic relationships within the lories and lorikeets". Genome Biology and Evolution. 12 (7): 1131–1147. doi:10.1093/gbe/evaa113. PMC 7486955. PMID 32470111.

[7] Joseph, L.; Merwin, J.; Smith, B.T. (2020). "Improved systematics of lorikeets reflects their evolutionary history and frames conservation priorities". Emu – Austral Ornithology. 120 (3): 201–215. Bibcode:2020EmuAO.120..201J. doi:10.1080/01584197.2020.1779596.

[ioc-8] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 July 2021.

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v t e Lories and lorikeets (Tribe: Loriini)
Genus	Species (taxonomy note: * indicates taxa that may classified as a subspecies of the rainbow lorikeet or a separate species) (extinctions: † indicates a species confirmed to be extinct, ₴ indicates evidence only from sub-fossils)
Chalcopsitta	Black lory Brown lory (or Duyvenbode's lory) Yellow-streaked lory
Eos	Black-winged lory Violet-necked lory Blue-streaked lory Red-and-blue lory Red lory Blue-eared lory
Pseudeos	Dusky lory Cardinal lory
Trichoglossus	Pohnpei lorikeet Rainbow lorikeet Sunset Lorikeet (or scarlet-breasted lorikeet) * Leaf lorikeet (also Flores lorikeet or Weber's lorikeet) * Marigold lorikeet * Red-collared lorikeet * Scaly-breasted lorikeet Olive-headed lorikeet Coconut lorikeet Biak lorikeet
Saudareos	Mindanao lorikeet (or Johnstone's lorikeet) Sula lorikeet Yellow-cheeked lorikeet Ornate lorikeet Iris lorikeet
Psitteuteles	Varied lorikeet
Glossoptilus	Goldie's lorikeet
Lorius	Purple-bellied lory Black-capped lory (or Stresemann's lory) White-naped lory Yellow-bibbed lory Purple-naped lory Chattering lory
Vini	Blue-crowned lorikeet Kuhl's lorikeet (or Rimatara lorikeet) Stephen's lorikeet (or Henderson lorikeet) Violet lorikeet (blue lorikeet or Tahitian lory) Ultramarine lorikeet Palm lorikeet Red-chinned lorikeet Meek's lorikeet New Caledonian lorikeet Red-throated lorikeet Collared lory Sinoto's lorikeet † ₴ Conquered lorikeet † ₴
Glossopsitta	Musk lorikeet
Parvipsitta	Little lorikeet Purple-crowned lorikeet
Charmosyna	Josephine's lorikeet Papuan lorikeet Stella's lorikeet
Charminetta	Pygmy lorikeet
Hypocharmosyna	Red-fronted lorikeet Red-flanked lorikeet
Charmosynopsis	Blue-fronted lorikeet Fairy lorikeet
Synorhacma	Striated lorikeet
Charmosynoides	Duchess lorikeet
Neopsittacus	Yellow-billed lorikeet (or Musschenbroek's lorikeet) Orange-billed lorikeet (or emerald lorikeet)