Template:Reflib/French criminal law

Template documentation

This is Reflib documentation for article domain library French criminal law. It is designed to hold full citations in the References section of an article related to French criminal law that uses short citations in-line. See the article domain table for currently supported domains.

Introduction

An article domain is a topic area in which a group of related articles have shared citations; that is, citations which are used, or are likely to be used, in more than one article in the domain. It is by design a vetted repository of citations to reliable sources where new or veteran editors can come and find useful sources for their topic, already formatted properly as CS1 or CS2 citations and ready for use in their article.

In the case of domain French criminal law, instead of having to copy and paste full citations among numerous articles related to French criminal law and keep them in sync, Template:Reflib allows you to place the citations into the domain container for French criminal law just once, and then use the template to import needed citations into any articles in the domain that need them. It's up to users to define what constitutes a domain, but as a rough approximation, articles linked from the same navigation template are likely to have citations in common that are members of the same article domain; see nav box {{French criminal law}} for example. Categories offer another approach; see Category:French criminal law.

Usage

Sections

This article domain library is a repository for unique citations which may be used in multiple articles in the domain "French criminal law", such as those found in Nav template {{French criminal law}}. Full citations may be added to this library when they are likely to be used in more than one article: create a new section name that is unique to this page, and add your citation to the section. It does not matter whether or not there is a blank line after the section header. The section header can be any unique name, and to promote readability of the wikicode where they are used, it's best to follow the recommendations for named footnotes, such as "Lastname-YYYY".

Modify as necessary, to make the section header unique on the page. For authors with multiple works in the same year, you may use: Smith-2004a, Smith-2004b, and so on. If there are several different Smiths, then you may, if you wish, disambiguate with initials of given name(s): SmithA-2004, SmithCJ-2004, SmithM-2004, and so on, but any method that results in a unique section header is acceptable.

If a citation is likely to be used in only one article, there is no need to place it here; just add it to the "Works cited" or "Sources" section as usual.

Please keep sections on the page in alphabetical order, to make it easier to manage, and to more easily spot duplicates. Higher level sections such as letter indexes (A – D; E – J; etc.) are fine, as long as the citation section headers remain unique.

Citations

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Normally, there should be one citation per section; more than one is not recommended, but if used, will bring in all of the citations in the section. One reason you might do this is when using template {{citec}}/{{harvc}} to specify a number of chapters belonging to the same book; in this case, it is better to keep them all together in one section for simplicity, even if your article doesn't cite each of the chapters.

The CITEREF generated from the citation (usually by concatenating the values of (all of the) |lastN= and |year=) should be unique, in order to avoid generating a duplicate target error.

Updating this page

Prerequisites

It is recommended that only editors experienced in using citation templates update a domain container. Certain common errors or oversights such as omitting a terminating curly bracket could have repercussions in more than one article, with previously working citations disappearing en masse. Use Preview button before saving, to ensure that everything looks good. Creating a new article domain page is low-risk and is encouraged.

Adding a new reference section

You can add a new reference section at any time, by inserting a new section header and pasting a citation template from an article, or creating a new citation template for it. You can choose any section name that is unique on the page and complies with MOS:SECTIONS, however for ease of use, it is recommended that the section heading reflect the parameters of the {{sfn}} template needed to link to it, namely the last names of the first four authors plus the year, joined with blanks or hyphens, thus: "Doe-2018", or "Masters Johnson 1966".

If the citation template contains a |ref= param, such as might be the case when an author has multiple publications in the same year, then use its value instead; for example, for |ref=Einstein1905d tagging his fourth publication that year, you could use section header "Einstein 1905d". The section name doesn't *have* to match the template params, that is just a suggestion for most cases; if a mnemonic name better brings to mind what citation is involved, then use that; for example, for Einstein's fourth paper in 1905, you could use a section header of "Einstein special relativity" instead of "Einstein 1905d" if desired.

Please keep sections in alphabetical order.

Use one citation per section

Generally speaking, it is recommended that a reference section should contain just one citation. There are exceptions, such as for books containing multiple, independently citable chapters defined by {{citec}} / {{harvc}}, where it may make the most sense to list the book citation via a {{cite book}} first, followed by one or more chapter templates for commonly cited chapters, keeping them all together in one section. See § Whitelisting unused chapters for how to deal with scripted warnings about uncited chapters that may appear in this case. It is possible to use Reflib in an article that uses full inline citation style, as long as the citation in question is alone within its section in the domain container.

Renaming or deleting a reference section

Renaming a section header of a reference on a library page, or deleting a section containing a reference will cause any articles transcluding those sections via the template to generate an sfn "no target" error from Module:Footnotes adjacent to any unlinked sfn's in the References section of the article where the short citations are generated. Before renaming or deleting a section, you should find all the articles that use that section, and update them as needed, using an Advanced search targeting the section in question.

Example: if you wish to delete or rename section § LastName, search for use of that section by going to Special:Search and pasting this search query:

hastemplate:Reflib insource:"LastName"

The search result page will list all articles using that section; these are the articles that will need to be updated if the section is renamed or removed.

Notes

Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages.
Subpages of this template.

Citations for articles related to French criminal law.

Citation list

A – C

Anyangwe-2015

Anyangwe, Carlson (23 September 2015). Criminal Law: The General Part. African Books Collective. ISBN 9789956762675. OCLC 1053502597.

Beaudoin-2021

Beaudoin, Franck (15 October 2021). "French law: quick overview". Retrieved 3 March 2023.

Bell-2008

John Bell; Sophie Boyron; Simon Whittaker (27 March 2008). Principles of French Law (2 ed.). OUP Oxford. pp. 129–. ISBN 978-0-19-101889-3. OCLC 865331945.

Bermann-Picard-2008

Bermann, George A.; Picard, Etienne, eds. (1 January 2008). Introduction to French Law. Kluwer Law. ISBN 978-90-411-2466-1. OCLC 219574344.

Bouscau-2011

Bouscau, Franck (1 October 2011). "Les lois fondamentales du Royaume de France : genèse de l'institution royale" [The Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom of France: genesis of the royal institution]. Vive le Roy (in French). Retrieved 4 July 2023.

Bridge-1994

Bridge, F. H. S.; Council of Europe (1 January 1994). The Council of Europe French-English Legal Dictionary. Council of Europe. pp. 177–. ISBN 9789287124968. OCLC 1232989547.

Britannica-2021

"The decline of constabulary police". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021. The military police roamed the countryside—they were not allowed to stay in one place for more than two days in a row—to catch military and, eventually, civilian offenders and to use their sentencing power to inflict punishment, for which there was no appeal. These special forces were not at first united in a single organization, but they came to be known collectively as the maréchaussée, as they were assigned to the various army marshals.

Brouillet-2013

Brouillet, Pascal (2013). "Au commencement était la Maréchaussée". In Luc, Jean-Noël; Médard, Frédéric (eds.). Histoire et dictionnaire de la gendarmerie: de la Maréchaussée à nos jours. Paris: Éditions Jacob-Duvernet. ISBN 978-2-84724-496-0. OCLC 869914346.

Cairns-McKeon-1995

Cairns, Walter; McKeon, Robert C.; McKeon, Robert (1995). Introduction to French Law. Cavendish. ISBN 978-1-85941-112-4. OCLC 246842627.

Chambers-1896

Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, Volume 8. W. & R. Chambers, Limited. 1896. pp. 286–. OCLC 235817290.

Champion-2008

Champion, Dean J. (2008). Sentencing: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-087-2. OCLC 1151269945.

CIC-IIa-1808

Suggested usage: {{sfn|Code Instr Crim|1808|loc=article 999}}

Doucet, Jean-Paul, ed. (2016) [1st pub. Le Moniteur Universel:1808]. "Code d'instruction criminelle de 1808, Deuxième partie, Livre II - de la justice" [1808 Code of Criminal Procedure, Part II, Book II - Justice]. Le droit criminel (in French).

Cornu-2005

Suggested usage: {{sfn|Cornu|2006|p=999|loc=legal term}}

Cornu, Gérard (2006). Vocabulaire juridique [Legal vocabulary]. Quadrige (in French) (7th ed.). Paris: Quadrige/PUF. ISBN 9782130550976. OCLC 1368574405.

Cornevin-2022

Cornevin, Christophe (10 October 2022). "Qu'est-ce que la police judiciaire et quelles sont ses missions ?" [What is the judicial police and what are its missions?]. Le Figaro. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.

D

Dadomo-Farran-1996

Dadomo, Christian; Farran, Susan (1996) [1st pub. 1993]. The French legal system (2nd ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 0-421-53970-4.

Dalloz-ActionPublique-2022

"Action publique - Fiches d'orientation" [Action publique - Fact sheets]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. Retrieved 5 March 2023. L'action publique est l'action en justice portée devant une juridiction répressive pour l'application des peines à l'auteur d'une infraction. Même si elle peut être mise en mouvement par la partie civile, elle est toujours exercée par les magistrats ou par les fonctionnaires auxquels elle est confiée par la loi. [Action publique is the legal action brought before a criminal court for the application of penalties to the perpetrator of an offense. It may also be initiated by a civil party to a criminal case, but it is always exercised by the magistrates or by the civil servants to whom it is entrusted by law.]

Dalloz-CP 111-2

"Code pénal - Art. 111-2" (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. Archived from the original on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 19 January 2023. Art. 111-2

Dalloz-CP 111-3

"Code pénal – Art. 111-3" (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. Archived from the original on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 11 December 2021. Art. 111-3 Nul ne peut être puni pour un crime ou pour un délit dont les éléments ne sont pas définis par la loi, ou pour une contravention dont les éléments ne sont pas définis par le règlement. Nul ne peut être puni d'une peine qui n'est pas prévue par la loi, si l'infraction est un crime ou un délit, ou par le règlement, si l'infraction est une contravention. [Art. 111-3 No one may be punished for a serious crime or a major offense whose elements are not defined by law, or for a minor offense whose elements are not defined by a regulation. No one may be punished by a penalty that is not provided for by law, if the offense is a crime or a délit, or by the regulations, if the offense is a contravention.]

Dalloz-CP 112-1

"Code pénal - Art. 112-1". Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. Archived from the original on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 11 December 2021. Art. 112-1 Sont seuls punissables les faits constitutifs d'une infraction à la date à laquelle ils ont été commis. Peuvent seules être prononcées les peines légalement applicables à la même date. Toutefois, les dispositions nouvelles s'appliquent aux infractions commises avant leur entrée en vigueur et n'ayant pas donné lieu à une condamnation passée en force de chose jugée lorsqu'elles sont moins sévères que les dispositions anciennes. [Art. 112-1 Only acts constituting an offense on the date they were committed are punishable. Only the penalties legally applicable on the same date may be imposed.  However, the new provisions apply to offenses committed before their entry into force and which have not given rise to a conviction that has become res judicata when they are less severe than the old provisions.]

Dalloz-CP 121-3

"Code pénal - Art. 121-3". Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. Retrieved 10 December 2021. Art. 121-3  Il n'y a point de crime ou de délit sans intention de le commettre. [There is no crime or offense without the intention to commit it.]

Dalloz-CP 131-5

"Code pénal - Art. 131-5" (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. Retrieved 11 December 2021. Art. 131-5 Lorsqu'un délit est puni d'une peine d'emprisonnement, la juridiction peut prononcer une peine de jours-amende consistant pour le condamné à verser au Trésor une somme dont le montant global résulte de la fixation par le juge d'une contribution quotidienne pendant un certain nombre de jours. [When an offense is punishable by imprisonment, the court may impose a day-fine penalty consisting of the convicted person paying to the Treasury a sum of money, the total amount of which is determined by the judge as a daily payment for a certain number of days.]

Dalloz CPP annotated-2020

Ambroise-Castérot, Coralie; Renucci, Jean-François; Céré, Jean-Paul; Léna, Maud (3 July 2019). Code de procédure pénale 2020, annoté. Code de procédure pénale (61 ed.). Paris: Dalloz. ISBN 978-2-247-18658-7. OCLC 1111223526. [Code of criminal procedure 2020 , annotated]

Dalloz-Crim-Legality-2021

"Légalité des délits et des peines" [Principle of criminal legality]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021. Principe fondamental du droit pénal moderne exprimé par la formule « Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege », le principe de légalité des délits et des peines (ou principe de légalité criminelle) signifie qu'il ne saurait y avoir de crimes, de délits et de contraventions sans une définition préalable de ces infractions, contenue dans un texte fixant leurs éléments constitutifs et la peine applicable. Autrement dit, il implique qu'un individu ne peut être poursuivi et condamné que par l'application d'une loi préexistant à l'acte qui lui est reproché. [The principle of legality of offenses and penalties (or principle of criminal legality) is a fundamental principle of modern criminal law, as expressed by the phrase "Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege"; it means that there can be no crimes, offenses, or contraventions without a prior definition of said offenses, as contained in a text setting out their constituent elements and the penalty which applies to them. In other words, it implies that an individual can only be prosecuted and sentenced by the application of a law that exists prior to the act of which he is accused.]

Dalloz-EMateriel-2022

"Élément matériel de l'infraction - Fiches d'orientation" [Material element of the infraction - Fact sheets]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. Retrieved 5 January 2023.

Dalloz-EMoral-2021

"Élément moral de l'infraction - Fiches d'orientation" [Moral element of the infraction - Fact sheets]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. July 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.

Dalloz-Innocence-2022

"Présomption d'innocence - Fiches d'orientation" [Presumption of innocence - Fact sheets]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. August 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2023.

Dalloz-Legality-2021

"Légalité des délits et des peines" [Principle of criminal legality]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021. Principe fondamental du droit pénal moderne exprimé par la formule "Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege", le principe de légalité des délits et des peines (ou principe de légalité criminelle) signifie qu'il ne saurait y avoir de crimes, de délits et de contraventions sans une définition préalable de ces infractions, contenue dans un texte fixant leurs éléments constitutifs et la peine applicable. Autrement dit, il implique qu'un individu ne peut être poursuivi et condamné que par l'application d'une loi préexistant à l'acte qui lui est reproché. [The principle of legality of offenses and penalties (or principle of criminal legality) is a fundamental principle of modern criminal law, as expressed by the phrase "Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege"; it means that there can be no crimes, offenses, or contraventions without a prior definition of said offenses, as contained in a text setting out their constituent elements and the penalty which applies to them. In other words, it implies that an individual can only be prosecuted and sentenced by the application of a law that exists prior to the act of which he is accused.]

Dalloz-Peines-2022

"Peines - Fiches d'orientation" [Penalties - Fact sheets]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. September 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2023.

Dalloz-Pr-Legality-2020

"Principe de légalité - Fiches d'orientation" [Principle of legality - Fact sheets]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. September 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2023.

Dalloz-PVC-2022

"Principe à valeur constitutionnelle - Fiches d'orientation" [Principle of constitutional force - Fact sheets]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. May 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023. Un principe à valeur constitutionnelle est un principe dégagé par le Conseil constitutionnel et dont le respect s'impose au législateur comme aux autres organes de l'État. Il est une norme juridique à part entière. [A principle of constitutional force is a principle identified by the Constitutional Council, the respect of which is binding on the legislator as well as on the other organs of the State. It is a legal norm in its own right.]

Dalloz-Time-2021

"Application de la loi pénale dans le temps | Fiches d'orientation" [Application of the law in time | Fact sheet]. Dalloz (in French). Paris: Editions Dalloz. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021. La question de l'application de la loi pénale dans le temps se pose dès lors que des faits ont été commis et n'ont pas encore été définitivement jugés lors de l'entrée en vigueur d'une loi nouvelle. [The question of the application of criminal law with respect to time arises when acts have been committed and have not yet been finally judged when a new law comes into force.]

Dammer-Albanese-2013

Dammer, Harry R.; Albanese, Jay S. (4 January 2013). Comparative Criminal Justice Systems (5 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-1-285-63077-9. OCLC 828929176.

Delmas-Marty-Spencer-2002

Delmas-Marty, Mireille; Spencer, J. R., eds. (17 October 2002). European Criminal Procedures. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59110-2. OCLC 1025272735.

de Maillard-2021

Jacques de Maillard; Wesley G. Skogan, eds. (2021). Policing in France. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-0-367-13524-9. OCLC 1144787505.

de Noblet-2004

de Noblet, Christel (2004). French legal methodology. Leicester, U.K.: Institute of Art and Law. ISBN 9781903987049. OCLC 74813080.

Dickson-Hübner-1994

Dickson, Brice; Hübner, Ulrich (1994). Introduction to French law. London: Pitman. ISBN 9780273601401. OCLC 3479836.

Dongois-2010

Dongois, Nathalie (15 January 2010) [2008:Temple]. "Wrongful Convictions in France: The Limits of "Pourvoi en Revision"". In C. Ronald Huff; Martin Killias (eds.). Wrongful Conviction: International Perspectives on Miscarriages of Justice. Temple University Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-59213-646-9. OCLC 502419498.

Donnelly-2013

Donnelly, Daniel (21 January 2013). Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives. Springer. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-1-137-29061-8. OCLC 1005811336.

Donovan-2010

Donovan, James M. (1 February 2010). "Introduction". Juries and the transformation of criminal justice in France in the nineteenth & twentieth centuries. Studies in legal history. Chapel Hill: Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-3363-6. OCLC 423734606.

Doucet-2019

Doucet, Jean-Paul (11 April 2019). "Dictionnaire de droit criminel" [Dictionary of Criminal Law] (in French). Archived from the original on 7 January 2023.

Duroché-Pedron-2019

Duroché, Jean-Philippe; Pedron, Pierre (2019). Droit pénitentiaire [Penitentiary law] (4 ed.). Paris: Vuibert. ISBN 978-2-311-40062-5. OCLC 1127907672.

E – J

Elliott-2001

Elliott, Catherine (2001). French Criminal Law. Portland OR: Willan. ISBN 978-1-135-99307-8. OCLC 49494876.

Elliott-Jeanpierre-Vernon-2006

Elliott, Catherine; Jeanpierre, Eric; Vernon, Catherine (2006). French Legal System (Second ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-1161-3. OCLC 70107160.

Garé-Ginestet-2022

Garé, Thierry; Ginestet, Catherine (September 2022). Droit pénal. Procédure pénale 2023 [Criminal law. criminal procedure 2023]. HyperCours (in French) (14 ed.). Paris: Editions Dalloz. ISBN 978-2-247-22075-5. OCLC 1346591522. Retrieved 10 September 2023. p. pub. blurb: Le droit pénal général étudie les principes généraux de la répression des infractions, la responsabilité et la peine. La procédure pénale régit le déroulement du procès pénal. Ces droits doivent assurer à la société une protection suffisante, sans sacrifier les libertés individuelles. [General criminal law deals with the general principles of punishment, liability and sentencing. Criminal procedure governs the conduct of criminal trials.]

Gendarmerie nationale-2016

Sirpa Gendarmerie; Gendarmerie nationale (2016-10-16). "La gendarmerie, héritière des maréchaussées" [The Gendarmerie, successor of the maréchaussées]. French Ministry of Interior (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-14.

Hall-2010

Hall, Jerome (2010). General Principles of Criminal Law. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-58477-498-3. OCLC 1131553404.

Hanson-2007

Hanson, Paul R. (23 February 2007). The A to Z of the French Revolution. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1-4617-1606-8. OCLC 1011012469.

Hodgson-2005

Hodgson, Jacqueline (8 November 2005). French Criminal Justice: A Comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84731-069-9. OCLC 1048749661.

Hodgson-Soubise-2016

Hodgson, Jacqueline; Soubise, Laurène (21 June 2016). "Understanding the sentencing process in France". Crime and Justice. 45 (1). Univ. of Chicago: 221–265. doi:10.1086/685538. ISSN 0192-3234. OCLC 6914375713.

Isom-2022

Isom, David (16 November 2022), Legal System - French Legal Research Guide - Guides at Georgetown Law Library, Georgetown Law Library, retrieved 1 March 2023 see 'loi'

Jean-2010

Jean, Jean-Paul (2010). Le système pénal [The penal system]. Repères (in French). La Decouverte. ISBN 978-2-7071-5414-9. OCLC 758870056.

Jones-Johnstone-2011

Jones, Mark; Johnstone, Peter (22 July 2011). "4 From the Lateran Coucils to the Renaissance (c. 1150–1550)". History of Criminal Justice (5 ed.). Abingdon, Oxon.: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-52245-4. OCLC 897455626.

Jurgens-2007

Jurgens, Erik (6 July 2007). The principle of the Rule of Law (Report). Council of Erope. 11343. Retrieved 4 March 2023.

Justice-Lexique

Suggested usage: {{sfn|Justice-Lexique|loc=[https://www.justice.fr/lexique/letter_n#N-Keyword N]}}}}

French Ministry of Justice (2023). "Lexique | Justice.fr" [Glossary | Justice.fr]. Ministère de la Justice (in French).

K – M

Kock-Frase-1988

Kock, Gerald L.; Frase, Richard S. (1988). The French code of criminal procedure. American series of foreign penal codes, 29 (revised ed.). Littleton, Colo: F.B. Rothman. ISBN 9780837700496. OCLC 1080434512.

Laronde-Clérac-2021

Laronde-Clérac, Céline (2021). Procédure pénale. Spécial droit (in French). Paris: Ellipses. ISBN 9782340058330. OCLC 1268488252.

Larousse

"Dictionnaire Français en ligne - Larousse". Larousse.fr. Paris: Éditions Larousse.

Larnaude-1915

Larnaude, Ferdinand (1915). "VII. Le droit criminel (droit pénal et instruction criminelle [Vii. Criminal law (penal law and criminal judicial investigation]". La Science Francaise | Les sciences juridiques et politiques [French Science | Juridical and political science]. Paris: Larousse. OCLC 575741811.

Larrieu-2002

Larrieu, Louis; Service historique de la gendarmerie nationale (2002). Histoire de la maréchaussée et de la gendarmerie: des origines à la quatrième république [History of the Marshalsea and the Gendarmerie: from the origins to the fourth republic]. Ivry-sur-Seine: Phénix éd. ISBN 978-2-7458-0796-0. OCLC 469644979.

Le Gendre-1980

Le Gendre, Bertrand (27 February 1980). "La réforme du code pénal remise en cause La logique de la répression" [The reform of the penal code questioned. The logic of the rejection.]. Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 7 January 2023.

Legifrance

République française; Secrétariat général du gouvernement (19 October 2022). "Légifrance Le service public de la diffusion du droit" [The public service for dissemination of the law]. Légifrance. Direction de l'information légale et administrative. ISSN 2270-8987. OCLC 867599055.

Le Monde-1981

Le Monde (22 October 1981). "M. Badinter préside la commission de révision du code pénal" [Mr. Badinter presides over the commission for revision of the penal code]. Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 7 January 2023.

Leruth-2022

Leruth, Michael F. (18 October 2022). Modern France. ABC-CLIO. pp. 100–. ISBN 978-1-4408-5549-8.

Linguee-2023

"Linguee | Dictionnaire anglais-français (et autres langues)" [Linguee English-French Dictionary (and other languages)]. Linguee.fr. Cologne: DeepL SE. 2023.

Mathias-2007

Mathias, Éric (2007). Procédure pénale [Criminal procedure]. Lexifac. Droit. Rosny sous Bois: Editions Bréal. ISBN 978-2-7495-0786-6. OCLC 239664322.

MDLJ-Acteurs-2008

French Ministry of Justice (16 December 2008). "Les acteurs de la justice pénale" [Participants in the criminal justice system]. Ministère de la Justice (in French).

MDLJ-Gav-2008

French Ministry of Justice (9 December 2008). "Justice | Portail | La garde à vue" [Justice | Portal | Police custody]. Ministère de la Justice (in French). [Police custody is the situation in which a person, suspected of having committed or attempted to commit an offense punishable by imprisonment, is held by the police or gendarmerie as part of a judicial investigation. It is a measure that deprives a person of liberty for a strictly limited period of time.]

MDLJ-Infrac-2008

French Ministry of Justice (4 December 2008). "L'infraction". Ministère de la Justice (in French). Retrieved 3 January 2023.

MDLJ-Lexique-2008

The following instructions will not be included when this section is transcluded:

View sample usage of {{sfn|MDLJ-Lexique|2008|loc=...}}

To cite use: {{sfn|MDLJ-Lexique|2008|loc=}} NOTE: For the {{sfn}} citation, you may use |loc= to link the first letter of the term to the archive of the MDLJ lexicon page containing all words starting with that letter. That is: for 'A' words, use: |loc=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230331033802/http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_a.html A] for 'B' words, use: |loc=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230331033802/http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_b.html B] . . . (and so on) for 'V' words, use: |loc=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230331033802/http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_v.html V] So, to cite the MDLJ lexicon 'M' page as the source for the entry mineur, you could code this: mineur - someone below legal age.{{sfn|MDLJ-Lexique|2008|loc=[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/mots-cles/mc_m.html M]}}

French Ministry of Justice (6 August 2008). "Les mots-clés de la Justice - Lexique" [Key words of Justice - Lexicon]. Ministère de la Justice (in French). Archived from the original on 31 March 2023.

MDLJ-OrgJustice-2021

French Ministry of Justice (15 September 2021). "L'organisation de la justice en France" [Organization of justice in France]. Ministère de la Justice (in French). Les juridictions françaises se répartissent en deux ordres : un ordre judiciaire et un ordre administratif. Les juridictions de l'ordre judiciaire sont compétentes pour régler les litiges opposant les personnes privées et pour sanctionner les auteurs d'infractions aux lois pénales. ... Les juridictions de l'ordre administratif sont compétentes dès qu'une personne publique est en cause (une municipalité ou un service de l'État par exemple). [The French courts are divided into two orders: a judicial order and an administrative order. The courts of the judicial order are responsible for settling disputes between private individuals and for punishing the perpetrators of criminal offenses. ... The administrative courts have jurisdiction as soon as a public entity is involved (a municipality or a government department for example).]

MDLJ-OJudiciaire-2021

French Ministry of Justice (15 November 2021). "Présentation de l'ordre judiciaire" [Presentation of the judicial order]. Ministère de la Justice (in French). Retrieved 25 February 2023. L'ordre judiciaire se divise en deux catégories de juridictions : les juridictions civiles et les juridictions pénales. Les juridictions civiles tranchent les litiges. [The judiciary order is divided into two categories of courts: the civil courts and the criminal courts. The civil courts decide disputes.]

MDLJ-JPen-2016

French Ministry of Justice (16 December 2016). "La justice pénale en France" [Criminal justice in France]. Ministère de la Justice (in French). Retrieved 3 January 2023.

Merle-Vitu-1984

Merle, Roger; Vitu, André (1984). Traité de droit criminel. Vol. 1 (5 ed.). Paris: Cujas. no. 146. ISBN 9788792002754. OCLC 263103447. l'ensemble des régles juridiques qui organisent la réaction de l'État vis-a-vis des infractions et des délinquants [the set of legal rules that govern the State's response to offenses and offenders]

N – Z

Newman-2010

Newman, Graeme R., ed. (19 October 2010). Crime and Punishment around the World [4 volumes]: [Four Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-0-313-35134-1. OCLC 1010964660.

Perrin-1968

Perrin, Ch.-Edmond (1968). Historien francais : Ferdinand Lot (1866-1952) (un). Librairie Droz. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-2-600-03959-8. OCLC 1024491773.

Pin-2020

Pin, Xavier (2020). Droit pénal général 2021 [General criminal law 2021]. Cours (in French) (12 ed.). Paris: Dalloz. ISBN 978-2-247-20307-9. OCLC 1201687783.

Police Nationale-2011

Ministère de l'Intérieur (10 October 2011). "Histoire de la police judiciaire | Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire | Organisation - Police nationale" [History of the judicial police | Central Directorate of the Judicial Police | Organization - National Police] (in French).

Pradel-2008

Pradel, Jean (1 January 2008). "Criminal Law". In Bermann, George A.; Picard, Etienne (eds.). Introduction to French Law. Frederick: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN 978-90-411-2466-1.

Pugh-1962

Pugh, George W. (December 1962). "Administration of Criminal Justice in France: An Introductory Analysis" (pdf). Louisiana Law Review. 23 (1). LSU Law. OCLC 8092558093.

Rassat-2017

Rassat, Michèle-Laure (27 June 2017). Procédure pénale - 3e édition. Editions Ellipses. pp. 246–247. ISBN 978-2-340-05096-9. OCLC 1250439989.

Roux-1925

Roux, Jean-André (1925). "Procédure pénale". Précis élémentaire de droit pénal et de procédure pénale [A primer on criminal law and procedure] (in French). Paris: Recueil Sirey. p. 177. OCLC 18140063.

Sauvé-2016

Sauvé, Jean-Marc (28 September 2016). "Le dualisme juridictionnel : synergies et complémentarité" [Jurisdictional dualism: synergies and complementarity] (in French). Conseil d'État. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

Steiner-2010

Steiner, Eva (4 March 2010). French Law: A Comparative Approach. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-923237-6. OCLC 1026108285.

Stewart-1951

Stewart, John Hall (1951). A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution. New York: Macmillan. pp. 106–112. OCLC 401456.

Terrill-2009

Terrill, Richard J. (2009). World Criminal Justice Systems: A Survey (7 ed.). New Providence, NJ: Lexis Nexis. ISBN 978-1-59345-612-2. OCLC 430736627.

Tomlinson-1999

"France, French Penal Code of 1994 as Amended as of January 1, 1999". American Series of Foreign Penal Codes. 31. Translated by Tomlinson, Edward A. Littleton, Colorado: F. B. Rothman. 1999. ISSN 0066-0051. OCLC 1480723 – via HeinOnline.

• Tomlinson. "Translator's Preface". In Tomlinson (1999), p. xxi–xxii.
• Tomlinson. Introduction. In Tomlinson (1999), p. 1–28.
• Tomlinson. "Book I General Provisions". In Tomlinson (1999), p. 29–88.
• Tomlinson. "Book II Felonies and Misdemeanors against the Person". In Tomlinson (1999), p. 89–160.
• Tomlinson. "Book III Felonies and Misdemeanors against Property". In Tomlinson (1999), p. 161–196.
• Tomlinson. "Book IV Felonies and Misdemeanors against the Nation, the State, and the Public Peace". In Tomlinson (1999), p. 197–268.
• Tomlinson. "Book V Other Felonies and Misdemeanors". In Tomlinson (1999), p. 269–.