Squamanita
| Squamanita | |
|---|---|
| |
| Squamanita umbonata | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Squamanitaceae |
| Genus: | Squamanita Imbach (1946)[1] |
| Type species | |
| Squamanita schreieri Imbach (1946)
| |
| Species | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Squamanita is a genus of parasitic fungi in the family Squamanitaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) superficially resemble normal agarics (gilled mushrooms) but emerge from parasitized fruit bodies of deformed host agarics.
Taxonomy[edit]
The genus was created in 1946 by Swiss mycologist Emil Imbach to accommodate an unusual agaric species, Squamanita schreieri, which L. Schreier had earlier described and illustrated as "Tricholoma X".[1][2] In 1965 Dutch mycologist Cornelis Bas expanded the genus to five species, all of which were characterized by arising from "sclerotial bodies".[3] The possibility that Squamanita might be parasitic on other agarics (the remains of which formed the "sclerotial bodies") was noted by British mycologist Derek Reid in 1983.[4] The discovery of a host fruit body that formed its own pileus together with three Squamanita pilei confirmed the parasitic nature of the genus,[5] a discovery subsequently featured in Nature under the title 'Mycological mystery tour'.[6]
Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed the parasitism of Squamanita, but has also shown that species belong to two genera: Squamanita sensu stricto and Dissoderma. A number of species previously referred to Squamanita have accordingly been transferred to Dissoderma.[7]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Imbach EJ (1946). "Pilzflora des Kantons Luzern und der angrenzen Innerschweiz". Mitteilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft Luzern (in German). 15: 5–85 (see p. 81).
- ^ Henrici A (2013). "Squamanita in Britain and Europe". Field Mycology. 14 (2): 56–63. doi:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2013.03.008.
- ^ Bas C. (1965). "The genus Squamanita". Persoonia. 3: 331–359.
- ^ Reid DA (1983). "A second British collection of Squamanita paradoxa". Bull. Br. Mycol. Soc. 17 (2): 111–113. doi:10.1016/S0007-1528(83)80038-8.
- ^ Redhead SA, Ammirati JF, Walker GR, Norvell LL, Puccio MB (1994). "Squamanita contortipes, the Rosetta Stone of a mycoparasitic agaric genus". Canadian Journal of Botany. 72 (12): 1812–1824. doi:10.1139/b94-223.
- ^ Gee H. (1995). "Mycological mystery tour". Nature. 375 (6529): 276. Bibcode:1995Natur.375..276G. doi:10.1038/375276a0. S2CID 32174575.
- ^ Saar I, Thorn RG, Nagasawa E, Henkel TW, Cooper JA (2022). "A phylogenetic overview of Squamanita, with descriptions of nine new species and four new combinations". Mycologia. 114 (4): 769–797. doi:10.1080/00275514.2022.2059639. PMID 35695889. S2CID 249623155.
External links[edit]
- Squamanita in Index Fungorum
- The pouch strangler: Squamanita squarrulosa in Spores, moulds, and fungi. A natural history of mushrooms and other fungi in New Zealand.