Foundation for Economic Education: Difference between revisions

Foundation for Economic Education
	File:Foundation for Economic Education Logo.jpg
Founded	March 7, 1946
Founder	Leonard E. Read
Type	Educational foundation; IRS 501(c)(3) tax exempt
Tax ID no.	136006960
Focus	economics, libertarianism
Location	Atlanta, Georgia;
Coordinates	33°48′04″N 84°23′36″W / 33.8010°N 84.3932°W
Area served	United States
Method	literature, lecture, academic scholarship
Key people	President Lawrence W. Reed, Executive Director Carl Oberg
Revenue	$3,244,787; Expenses: $3,042,977; (FYE March 2013)
Website	fee.org

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The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) is an American nonprofit educational organization which promotes the principles of laissez-faire economics, private property, and limited government.^[4] According to its website, "FEE is constantly focused on providing high school and college students with the inspiration, education, and networking they need to become effective advocates for liberty and the free-market system."^[5] FEE publications include The Freeman (a quarterly magazine) and various pamphlets and libertarian texts.^[6]

History

Founding

FEE was founded in 1946 to promote free-market economics, with financial backing provided by the William Volker Fund.^[7] The founding documents of FEE said: "The job of economic education must be undertaken now while those who appreciate the value of liberty are still in a position to support it."^[8] In its first years, FEE opposed the Marshall Plan, Social Security, and Minimum Wages, among other American social and economic policies. Referencing the influence of religion on the economic policy proposals of FEE, board member Jasper Crane stated, "we are going to be beaten if we rely entirely on the argument of dollars and cents."^[9]

File:Henry hazlitt.jpg

Founding vice-president Henry Hazlitt

People

The initial officers of FEE were Leonard E. Read^[13] as president, Henry Hazlitt as vice-president, and chairman David Goodrich^[14].^[15] Other trustees on the FEE board included Jasper Crane^[16], H. W. Luhnow^[17], and Robert Welch^[18].^[19] Read served as president from 1946 until his death in 1983.^[20] Perry E. Gresham followed his friend Read as president in 1983.^[20] The presidency of FEE^[21] from 1983 to 1984 was held by John Sparks Sr., from 1984 to 1985 by Bob Love, from 1985 to 1988 by a series of acting presidents, then from 1988 to 1992 by Bruce Evans. After retiring from Grove City College where he taught economics, Hans Sennholz served as president from 1992 to 1997.^[22] Before serving as Chair of the Department of Economics at George Mason University, Donald J. Boudreaux served as president from 1997 to 2001.^[23] Economist, investment analyst, professor and author Mark Skousen served as president from 2001 to 2002.^[24] Author and professor Richard Ebeling served as president from 2003 to 2008.^[25] Economist, author, and professor Lawrence W. Reed became the current president in 2008.^[26]

Lecture by Israel Kirzner on July 28, 2006 for FEE

Significance

Murray Rothbard credited FEE with creating a "crucial open center" for a libertarian movement.^[27] During his extended graduate studies at Columbia University, Rothbard was influenced by FEE co-founder Baldy Harper and his opposition to government.^[28] Friedrich Hayek saw FEE as part of the inspiration for the formation of the Mont Pelerin Society in 1947.^[29] FEE provided a financial subsidy to the Mont Pelerin Society.^[30] Early in the Mount Pelerin Society's history, Hayek did not like having so many members from FEE.^[31] According to the 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), FEE is number 47 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".^[32]

Location

FEE briefly occupied two rooms on the 30th floor of the Equitable Building in Manhattan at the time of its founding.^[33] It moved to Irvington, New York shortly after its founding.^[34] In 2014, FEE sold its Irvington headquarters, transferring its main offices to Atlanta, Georgia.^[35]

Programs

The FEE describes its mission as to "inspire, educate and connect future leaders with the economic, ethical and legal principles of a free society."^[3] FEE offers a variety of programs for high school, college, and graduate students. Since 1946 FEE has also sponsored public lectures by various thinkers, including Ludwig von Mises,^[36] F.A. Hayek,^[37] Henry Hazlitt,^[38] Milton Friedman,^[39] James Buchanan,^[40] Vernon Smith,^[41] Walter Williams,^[42] F.A. "Baldy" Harper,^[43] and William F. Buckley Jr..^[44]

Publications

In 1945 du Pont executive Jasper Crane, along with Alfred Kohlberg, started a capital campaign for the organization.^[45] After contributions from J. Howard Pew, Inland Steel, Quaker Oats, and Sears enough funding was available for FEE to start publishing The Freeman in 1950.^[46] ^[47] FEE publishes books, articles, and pamphlets both on paper and digitally that the foundation considers classic works on liberty.^[48] These include the notable publications I, Pencil: My Family Tree by Read,^[49] The Law by Bastiat,^[50] Anything That's Peaceful by Read,^[51] Planned Chaos by Mises,^[52] Industry-Wide Bargaining by Wolman,^[53] Up from Poverty: Reflections on the Ills of Public Assistance by Sennholz,^[54] and The Virtue of Liberty by Machan.^[55]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Internal Revenue Service 2012.
^ "Charity Rating". Charity Navigator. Also see "Quickview data". GuideStar. Total Revenue: $2,552,877; Total Expenses: $2,699,377 [FYE March 2011]
^ ^a ^b Foundation for Economic Education 2013.
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 27.
^ Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 285; Olson 2009; Ashford 2011; Giannotta 2011; Foley 2010; Foundation for Economic Education 2013.
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 115; Hamowy 2008, p. 217; Perelman 2007, p. 64; Schneider 2009, p. 47; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 285; Olson 2009; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help).
^ Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 156; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help); George 1997.
^ Dochuk, Darren (2010). From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-07927-2. p. 114
^ Lichtman, Allan J. (2008). White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement. Grove Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-802-14420-1. OCLC 262431088.
^ Rothbard 2006, p. 451.
^ Dochuk 2010, p. 116.
^ Heller 2009, p. 197.
^ Read was the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce executive director^[10] from 1938^[11] to 1945.^[12]
^ of B. F. Goodrich
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 27; Olson 2009.
^ of duPont
^ of William Volker & Co.
^ founder of the John Birch Society
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 27; Hazlitt 2006; Perlstein 2009.
^ ^a ^b Sennholz 1993, p. 185.
^ Reed 2012.
^ Wilcox 2000, p. 151.
^ Boudreaux 2011.
^ Skousen 2010.
^ Ebeling 2009.
^ Farrell 2011.
^ Gordon 2010, p. 14.
^ Gordon 2010, p. 12-14.
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 86; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, pp. 15, 19, 21, 53, 156, 190, 196, 243, 281, 284, 293, 387, 397, 410; Plehwe 2006, p. 31.
^ Hamowy 2008, p. 492; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 15.
^ Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan. Kim Phillips-Fein, W.W. Norton, 2009. p. 55 ISBN 9780393059304
^ James G. McGann (Director) (February 4, 2015). "2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". Retrieved February 14, 2015.
^ Dodsworth 1995, p. 2.
^ Spikes & Leone 2009, p. 26.
^ Farrell 2011; Olson 2014; [[#CITEREF|]] sfnm error: no target: CITEREF (help).
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 116; Hamowy 2008, p. 335; Olson 2009.
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 52; Hamowy 2008, p. 217; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 285; Olson 2009.
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 43; Olson 2009.
^ Hamowy 2008, p. 492; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 21.
^ Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 21.
^ Smith 2006.
^ Williams 2006.
^ Hamowy 2008, p. 492.
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 40.
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. ii; Hamowy 2008, p. 62; Schneider 2009, p. 47; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help).
^ ISSN 0016-0652; OCLC 1570149
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 115; Hamowy 2008, p. 62; Schneider 2009, p. 47; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help).
^ Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 52; Hamowy 2008, p. 62; Olson 2009.
^ Read 1958.
^ Bastiat 1950.
^ Read 1998.
^ Mises 1947.
^ Wolman 1948.
^ Sennholz 1997.
^ Machan 1994.

References

Ashford, Nigel (December 22, 2011). "FEE College Summer Seminars". Kosmos. Arlington, VA. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Backhouse, Roger E. (2005). "The rise of free market economics: Economists and the role of the state since 1970". History of political economy: 355–392. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Backhouse, Roger E. (2009). "Economists and the Rise of Neo-liberalism". Renewal: A Journal of Labour Politics: 1–9. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Bastiat, Frédéric (1950). The Law (PDF). Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. OCLC 405451. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Blundell, John (1990). Waging the War of Ideas: Why There Are No Shortcuts (PDF). London: Institute of Economic Affairs. p. 9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Boettke, Peter J., ed. (1994). The Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics. Edward Elgar Pub. ISBN 1-85278-581-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Boudreaux, Donald (October 13, 2011). "A Devalued Renminbi Makes Wealthier Americans". Debate Club. New York: U.S.News & World Report. Retrieved November 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Charity Navigator. Foundation for Economic Education (Report). Charity Navigator. Retrieved October 10, 2011. The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), one of the oldest free-market organizations in the United States, was founded in 1946 by Leonard E. Read to study and advance the freedom philosophy. FEE's mission is to offer the most consistent case for the first principles of freedom: the sanctity of private property, individual liberty, the rule of law, the free market, and the moral superiority of individual choice and responsibility over coercion. To help people rediscover how essential freedom is to human existence and to demonstrate how dangerous it is to move toward any form of collectivism, FEE offers a comprehensive educational program to all students of liberty. {{cite report}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Coyne, Christopher J. (2007). After War: The Political Economy of Exporting Democracy. Stanford Economics and Finance. ISBN 0-8047-5440-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Dochuk, Darren (2010-12-13). From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-07927-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Dodsworth, Barbara (1995). The Foundation of Historic Irvington. Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Dunham, Carroll (1876). Address of Carroll Dunham, M.D., of Irvington, N.Y., to the World's Homoeopathic Convention of 1876, on Monday, June 26th, 1876. Sine nomine. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Eliot, Charles W. (1902). Charles Eliot, Landscape Architect, a Lover of Nature and of His Kind, Who Trained Himself for a New Profession, Practised it Happily and Through it Wrought Much Good. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin. pp. 281–284. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Farrell, Steve (2011). "FEE Is Expanding to Atlanta". The Moral Liberal. Archived from the original on Mar 30, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2011. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Foley, Devin (March 16, 2010). "Free: Summer Liberty & Econ Seminars". Intellectual Takeout. Minneapolis, MN. Retrieved December 28, 2011. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Foley, Ridgway K. (December 1971). "Individual Liberty and the Rule of Law". Willamette Law Journal. 7 (3): 396–418. Retrieved November 2, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Fones-Wolf, Elizabeth A. (1994). Selling Free Enterprise: The Business Assault on Labor and Liberalism 1945–60. Urbana, IL: Univ. of Illinois Press. pp. 8, 38, 129, 195, 196, 213, 243. ISBN 978-0-252-02118-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Foundation for Economic Education (June 29, 2013). "About: Foundation for Economic Education". {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Frelinghuysen, Alice C. (2006-06-30). Louis Comfort Tiffany and Laurelton Hall: An Artist's Country Estate. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-201-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Garrison, Roger (2000). Time and Money: The Macroeconomics of Capital Structure (Reissue ed.). Routledge. ISBN 0-415-77122-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gaskins, Robert (2012-04-20). Sweating Bullets: Notes about Inventing PowerPoint. Vinland Books. ISBN 978-0-9851424-0-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
George, Susan (1997). "How to Win the War of Ideas" (PDF). Dissent. 44 (Summer 1997): 47–53. Retrieved November 2, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Giannotta, Marissa (December 8, 2011). "Help Promote FEE Seminars to Your Campus Group!". Students For Liberty. Washington, DC. Retrieved December 28, 2011. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gordon, David (2010). Strictly Confidential: The Private Volker Fund Memos of Murray N. Rothbard (PDF). Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. p. ix, 14–19. ISBN 978-1-933550-80-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hamowy, Ronald, ed. (2008). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Cato Institute. pp. 62, 217, 221, 335, 416, 417. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024 http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
Hayek, F. A. (1992-02-15). The Fortunes of Liberalism: Essays on Austrian Economics and the Ideal of Freedom. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-32064-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hazlitt, Henry (May 1, 2006) [March 1984]. "The Early History of FEE". The Freeman. FEE. The original officers were David M. Goodrich, chairman of the Board (he was then also chairman of the board of the B. F. Goodrich Company); Leonard Read, president; myself, vice-president; Fred R. Fairchild, professor of economics at Yale University, secretary; and Claude Robinson, president of the Opinion Research Institute, treasurer. [The] sixteen [original] trustees ... included H. W. Luhnow, president of William Volker & Company; A. C. Mattei, president of Honolulu Oil Corporation; William A. Paton of the University of Michigan; Charles White, president of the Republic Steel Corporation; Leo Wolman, professor of economics at Columbia; Donaldson Brown, former vice-president of General Motors; Jasper Crane, former vice-president of Du Pont; B. E. Hutchinson, chairman of the finance committee of Chrysler Corporation; Bill Matthews, publisher of the Arizona Star; W. C. Mullendore, president of the Southern California Edison Company.
Heller, Anne C. (2009-10-27). Ayn Rand and the World She Made. Random House Digital. ISBN 978-0-385-52946-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hoffman, William (2011-11-22). Continuum Living at Irvington. Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Irvington, NY: VHB Engineering, Surveying and Landscape Architecture, P.C. p. 51. {{cite conference}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hollenbeck, Todd (2013-01-08). "FEE's 2013 Summer Seminar and Internship Applications are Now Open". Young Americans for Liberty. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Horwitz, Steven (2007). Microfoundations and Macroeconomics. Accel Development. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Horwitz, Steve (2013-01-09). "Applications for FEE Summer Seminars are Now Open". Bleeding Heart Libertarians. Retrieved 2013-01-24. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Hülsmann, Jörg Guido (October 28, 2007). "Birth of a Movement". Mises Daily. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Retrieved October 10, 2011. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Internal Revenue Service (2012). Exempt Organizations Select Check (Report). Washington, DC: Internal Revenue Service. {{cite report}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Kashyap, Anil K. (1993). "Production and Inventory Control at the General Motors Corporation During the 1920's and 1930's". The American Economic Review. 83: 383–401. JSTOR 2117524. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Leeson, Peter T. (2011). The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-15009-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Lichtman, Allan J (2008). White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement. New York: Grove Press. pp. 160, 171, 173, 206. ISBN 978-0-8021-4420-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Machan, Tibor (1994). The Virtue of Liberty. Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. ISBN 978-0-910614-93-1. OCLC 717721529. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Mellor (February 2008). "An Evening at FEE With Chip Mellor". Liberty & Law. 18. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Menger, Carl (1934). The Collected Works of Carl Menger: Grundsätse Der Volkswirthschaftslehre. London School of Economics. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Meyer, Del (December 7, 2004). "MedicalTuesday". Medical Tuesday Network. Retrieved December 28, 2011. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Mirowski, Philip; Plehwe, Dieter (2009). The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 15, 19, 21, 53, 156, 190, 196, 243, 281, 284, 293, 387, 397, 410. ISBN 978-0-674-03318-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Mises, Ludwig von (1947). Planned Chaos. Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. ISBN 978-0-910-61400-9. OCLC 782168388. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Olson, Wayne (September 28, 2009). "An Inside Look at the Foundation for Economic Education FEE" (Interview). Interviewed by Pete Eyre. {{cite interview}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help)
Olson, Wayne (May 1, 2014). "Strategic Notes from FEE—Bricks & Mortar". FEE. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
Perelman, Michael (2007). The Confiscation of American Prosperity from Right-Wing Extremism and Economic Ideology to the Next Great Depression. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-230-60046-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Perlstein, Rick (2009). Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus. Nation Books. pp. 113–4.
Phillips-Fein, Kim (2009). Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan. New York: W. W. Norton. p. ii, 27, 52, 60, 86, 101, 115, 116, 124, 149, 167, 265, 270, 285, 286. ISBN 978-0-393-05930-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Plehwe, Dieter (2006). Neoliberal Hegemony: A Global Critique. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 31, 48, 49. ISBN 0-415-37327-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Read, Leonard E. (1998). Anything That's Peaceful (2 ed.). Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. ISBN 978-1-572460-79-9. OCLC 40829866. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Read, Leonard E. (1958). I, Pencil: My Family Tree (PDF). Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. ISBN 978-1-572462-09-0. OCLC 271625357. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Reed, Lawrence W. (October 7, 2012). "RE: The FEE presidents"Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite journal}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
Rothbard, Murray N. (2006). Making Economic Sense. Ludwig von Mises Institute. ISBN 978-0-945466-46-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Schneider, Gregory L (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-7425-4284-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Seaman, Barrett (December 5, 2012). "Opponents Still Not Satisfied with Assisted Living Project". Hudson Independent. Tarrytown, NY. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sennholz, Hans (1997). Up from Poverty. Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. ISBN 978-1-57246-060-7. OCLC 36854072. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sennholz, Mary (1993). Leonard E. Read, Philosopher of Freedom. Foundation for Economic Education. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-910614-85-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Skousen, Mark (July 9, 2002). "Letter from Mark Skousen, President, Foundation for Economic Education". {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Smith, Vernon L. (July 2006). Human Betterment Through Globalization (PDF) (Speech). {{cite speech}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Spikes, Judith D.; Leone, Anne M. (2009). Irvington. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-7385-6519-4. OCLC 317925879. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Tavern Club (1901). "Rules of the Tavern Club of Boston with a List of Officers and Members". Boston: Tavern Club. p. 37. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Watner, Carl (2005). "The Culture of Force" (PDF). The Voluntaryist (127). {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wilcox, Derk A. (2000). The Right Guide: A Guide to Conservative, Free-Market, and Right-of-Center Organizations. Ann Arbor, MI: Economics America. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-914169-06-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Williams, Walter E. (July 2006). 2006 Adam Smith Award Recipient Addresses (PDF) (Speech). {{cite speech}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wolman, Leo (1948). Industry-Wide Bargaining. Irvington, NY: Foundation for Economic Education. OCLC 785021186. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

[FOOTNOTEInternal_Revenue_Service2012-1] Internal Revenue Service 2012.

[Charity_ratings-2] "Charity Rating". Charity Navigator. Also see "Quickview data". GuideStar. Total Revenue: $2,552,877; Total Expenses: $2,699,377 [FYE March 2011]

[FOOTNOTEFoundation_for_Economic_Education2013-3] Foundation for Economic Education 2013.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200927-4] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 27.

[FOOTNOTEMirowskiPlehwe2009285Olson2009Ashford2011Giannotta2011Foley2010Foundation_for_Economic_Education2013-5] Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 285; Olson 2009; Ashford 2011; Giannotta 2011; Foley 2010; Foundation for Economic Education 2013.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein2009115Hamowy2008217Perelman200764Schneider200947MirowskiPlehwe2009285Olson2009Lichtman2008160-6] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 115; Hamowy 2008, p. 217; Perelman 2007, p. 64; Schneider 2009, p. 47; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 285; Olson 2009; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help).

[FOOTNOTEMirowskiPlehwe2009156Lichtman2008160George1997-7] Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 156; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help); George 1997.

[8] Dochuk, Darren (2010). From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-07927-2. p. 114

[White_Protestant-9] Lichtman, Allan J. (2008). White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement. Grove Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-802-14420-1. OCLC 262431088.

[FOOTNOTERothbard2006451-10] Rothbard 2006, p. 451.

[FOOTNOTEDochuk2010116-11] Dochuk 2010, p. 116.

[FOOTNOTEHeller2009197-12] Heller 2009, p. 197.

[Read_with_Los_Angeles_Chamber_of_Commerce-13] Read was the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce executive director^[10] from 1938^[11] to 1945.^[12]

[Goodrich_note-14] B. F. Goodrich

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200927Olson2009-15] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 27; Olson 2009.

[crane_note-16] uPont

[Luhnow_note-17] William Volker & Co.

[Welch_note-18] under of the John Birch Society

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200927Hazlitt2006Perlstein2009-19] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 27; Hazlitt 2006; Perlstein 2009.

[FOOTNOTESennholz1993185-20] Sennholz 1993, p. 185.

[FOOTNOTEReed2012-21] Reed 2012.

[FOOTNOTEWilcox2000151-22] Wilcox 2000, p. 151.

[FOOTNOTEBoudreaux2011-23] Boudreaux 2011.

[FOOTNOTESkousen2010-24] Skousen 2010.

[FOOTNOTEEbeling2009-25] Ebeling 2009.

[FOOTNOTEFarrell2011-26] Farrell 2011.

[FOOTNOTEGordon201014-27] Gordon 2010, p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEGordon201012-14-28] Gordon 2010, p. 12-14.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200986MirowskiPlehwe200915,_19,_21,_53,_156,_190,_196,_243,_281,_284,_293,_387,_397,_410Plehwe200631-29] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 86; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, pp. 15, 19, 21, 53, 156, 190, 196, 243, 281, 284, 293, 387, 397, 410; Plehwe 2006, p. 31.

[FOOTNOTEHamowy2008492MirowskiPlehwe200915-30] Hamowy 2008, p. 492; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 15.

[31] Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan. Kim Phillips-Fein, W.W. Norton, 2009. p. 55 ISBN 9780393059304

[Global_Go_To-32] James G. McGann (Director) (February 4, 2015). "2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". Retrieved February 14, 2015.

[FOOTNOTEDodsworth19952-33] Dodsworth 1995, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTESpikesLeone200926-34] Spikes & Leone 2009, p. 26.

[FOOTNOTEFarrell2011Olson2014-35] Farrell 2011; Olson 2014; [[#CITEREF|]] sfnm error: no target: CITEREF (help).

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein2009116Hamowy2008335Olson2009-36] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 116; Hamowy 2008, p. 335; Olson 2009.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200952Hamowy2008217MirowskiPlehwe2009285Olson2009-37] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 52; Hamowy 2008, p. 217; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 285; Olson 2009.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200943Olson2009-38] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 43; Olson 2009.

[FOOTNOTEHamowy2008492MirowskiPlehwe200921-39] Hamowy 2008, p. 492; Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 21.

[FOOTNOTEMirowskiPlehwe200921-40] Mirowski & Plehwe 2009, p. 21.

[FOOTNOTESmith2006-41] Smith 2006.

[FOOTNOTEWilliams2006-42] Williams 2006.

[FOOTNOTEHamowy2008492-43] Hamowy 2008, p. 492.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200940-44] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 40.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein2009iiHamowy200862Schneider200947Lichtman2008160-45] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. ii; Hamowy 2008, p. 62; Schneider 2009, p. 47; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help).

[46] ISSN 0016-0652; OCLC 1570149

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein2009115Hamowy200862Schneider200947Lichtman2008160-47] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 115; Hamowy 2008, p. 62; Schneider 2009, p. 47; Lichtman 2008, p. 160 sfnm error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLichtman2008 (help).

[FOOTNOTEPhillips-Fein200952Hamowy200862Olson2009-48] Phillips-Fein 2009, p. 52; Hamowy 2008, p. 62; Olson 2009.

[FOOTNOTERead1958-49] Read 1958.

[FOOTNOTEBastiat1950-50] Bastiat 1950.

[FOOTNOTERead1998-51] Read 1998.

[FOOTNOTEMises1947-52] Mises 1947.

[FOOTNOTEWolman1948-53] Wolman 1948.

[FOOTNOTESennholz1997-54] Sennholz 1997.

[FOOTNOTEMachan1994-55] Machan 1994.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Infobox non-profit
 | name = Foundation for Economic Education
-| image = [[File:Foundation for Economic Education Logo.png|250px]]
+| image = [[File:Foundation for Economic Education Logo.jpg|150px]]
 | type = Educational [[Foundation (non-profit)|foundation]]<br>[[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] [[501(c)(3)]] [[Tax exemption|tax exempt]]{{sfn | Internal Revenue Service| 2012 }}
 | founded_date = {{Start date|1946|03|07}}
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 | focus = [[economics]], [[libertarianism]]
 | method = literature, lecture, [[Scholarly method|academic scholarship]]
+| revenue = $3,244,787<br>Expenses: $3,042,977<br>([[Fiscal year|FYE March 2013]])<ref name="Charity ratings">{{cite web|title=Charity Rating|url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=6759#.U5Ttq5RdUQ4|publisher=[[Charity Navigator]]}} Also see {{cite web|title= Quickview data |url=http://www.guidestar.org/organizations/13-6006960/foundation-economic-education.aspx |publisher = [[GuideStar]] |quote= Total Revenue: $2,552,877; Total Expenses: $2,699,377 [FYE March 2011]}}<!-- This 2011 data matches the 2012 data given by Charity Navigator. Still, presenting the FYE 2011 date per the link. --></ref>
-| revenue = $4,774,708<br>Expenses: $3,823,955<br>([[Fiscal year|FYE March 2014]]){{sfnm | 1a1=Charity Navigator|1y=2015}}
 | num_volunteers =
 | num_employees =
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 }}
 {{Libertarianism sidebar}}
-The '''Foundation for Economic Education''' ('''FEE''') is an American nonprofit educational organization dedicated to the "[[economics|economic]], [[ethics|ethical]] and [[law|legal]] principles of a [[free society]],"{{sfnm | 1a1=Horwitz | 1y=2013 | 2a1=Foundation for Economic Education | 2y=2013 | 1quote=" ..a thorough introduction to the economic, ethical, and legal principles of a free society." | quote2 = "FEE’s mission is to inspire, educate and connect future leaders with the economic, ethical and legal principles of a free society." }} FEE publishes the magazine ''[[The Freeman]]'', books, hosts week-long seminars, and individual lectures.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=115 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=217 | 3a1=Perelman | 3y=2007 | 3p=64 | 4a1=Schneider | 4y=2009 | 4p=47 | 5a1=Mirowski | 5a2=Plehwe | 5y=2009 | 5p=285 | 6a1=Olson | 6y=2009 | 7a1=Lichtman | 7y=2008 | 7p=160 | quote5="… going so far as to help Mises publish his Magnum Opus Human Action …"}}
+The '''Foundation for Economic Education''' ('''FEE''') is an American nonprofit educational organization which promotes the principles of [[laissez-faire economics]], private property, and limited government.{{sfnm |  1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=27  }} According to its website, "FEE is constantly focused on providing high school and college students with the inspiration, education, and networking they need to become effective advocates for liberty and the free-market system."{{sfnm | 1a1=Mirowski | 1a2=Plehwe | 1y=2009 | 1p=285 | 2a1=Olson | 2y=2009 | 3a1=Ashford | 3y=2011 | 4a1=Giannotta | 4y=2011 | 5a1=Foley | 5y=2010 | quote2="… we hold week long seminars here during the summer ..." | 6a1=Foundation for Economic Education | 6y=2013}} FEE publications include ''[[The Freeman]]'' (a quarterly magazine) and various pamphlets and libertarian texts.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=115 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=217 | 3a1=Perelman | 3y=2007 | 3p=64 | 4a1=Schneider | 4y=2009 | 4p=47 | 5a1=Mirowski | 5a2=Plehwe | 5y=2009 | 5p=285 | 6a1=Olson | 6y=2009 | 7a1=Lichtman | 7y=2008 | 7p=160 | quote5="… going so far as to help Mises publish his Magnum Opus Human Action …"}}
 ==History==
-Founded in 1946 by [[Leonard E. Read]]{{refn|name=Read with Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce|Read was the [[Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce]] executive director,{{sfn | Rothbard | 2006 | p=451}} from 1938{{sfn | Dochuk | 2010 | p =116}} to 1945.{{sfn | Heller | 2009 | p=197}} }} [[Henry Hazlitt]],{{refn |of  the [[New York Times]]}} David Goodrich,{{refn|name=Goodrich note|of [[B. F. Goodrich]]}} [[Donaldson Brown]],{{refn |of [[General Motors Corporation]]}} [[Leo Wolman]],{{refn |of [[Columbia University]]}} Fred R. Fairchild,{{refn |of [[Yale University]]}} [[Claude E. Robinson]],{{refn |of [[Opinion Research Corporation]]}} and Jasper Crane,{{refn|name=crane note|of [[duPont]]}} which makes FEE the oldest [[free-market]] organization in the United States.{{sfnm| 1a1=Mirowski | 1a2=Plehwe | 1y=2009 | 1p=243 |2a1=Phillips-Fein | 2y=2009 | 2p=19 | 3a1=Hamowy | 3y=2008 | 3p=335 | 4a1=Perelman | 4y=2007 | 4p=64 | 5a1=Schneider | 5y=2009 | 5p=47 | 6a1=Mirowski | 6a2=Plehwe | 6y=2009 | 6p=387 | 7a1=Backhouse | 7y=2005 | 8a1=Backhouse | 8y=2009 | 9a1=Kashyap | 9a2=Wilcox | 9y=1993 | 9p =384 | 10a1=Farrell | 10y=2011 | 11a1=Hülsmann | 11y=2007 | 12a1=Plehwe | 12y=2006 | 12p=31 | 13a1=Hazlitt|13y=2006 |13quote="The original officers were David M. Goodrich, chairman of the Board (he was then also chairman of the board of the B. F. Goodrich Company); Leonard Read, president; myself, vice-president; Fred R. Fairchild, professor of economics at Yale University, secretary; and Claude Robinson, president of the Opinion Research Institute, treasurer. [The] sixteen [original] trustees ... included H. W. Luhnow, president of William Volker & Company; A. C. Mattei, president of Honolulu Oil Corporation; William A. Paton of the University of Michigan; Charles White, president of the Republic Steel Corporation; Leo Wolman, professor of economics at Columbia; Donaldson Brown, former vice-president of General Motors; Jasper Crane, former vice-president of Du Pont; B. E. Hutchinson, chairman of the finance committee of Chrysler Corporation; Bill Matthews, publisher of the Arizona Star; W. C. Mullendore, president of the Southern California Edison Company." |  | 14a1=Dochuk|14y=2010|14p=114|14quote="The job of economic education must be undertaken now while those who appreciate the value of liberty are still in a position to support it." | 15a1=Phillips-Fein | 15y=2009 | 15p=27 | 16a1=Mirowski | 16a2=Plehwe | 16y=2009 | 16p=156 }} Read served as president from 1946 until his death in 1983.{{sfn | Sennholz | 1993 | p=185 }}
+===Founding ===
-Perry E. Gresham followed his friend Read as president in 1983.{{sfn | Sennholz | 1993 | p=185 }} The presidency of FEE from 1983 to 1984 was held by John Sparks Sr., from 1984 to 1985 by Bob Love, from 1985 to 1988 by a series of acting presidents, then from 1988 to 1992 by Bruce Evans.{{sfn | Reed | 2012 }} After retiring from [[Grove City College]] where he taught economics, [[Hans Sennholz]] served as president from 1992 to 1997.{{sfn | Wilcox | 2000 | p=151 }} Before serving as Chair of the Department of Economics at [[George Mason University]], [[Donald J. Boudreaux]] served as president from 1997 to 2001.{{sfn | Boudreaux | 2011}} Economist, [[investment analyst]], professor and author [[Mark Skousen]] served as president from 2001 to 2002.{{sfn | Skousen | 2010}} Author and professor [[Richard Ebeling]] served as president from 2003 to 2008.{{sfn | Ebeling | 2009 }} [[Economist]], author, and professor [[Lawrence W. Reed]] became the current president in 2008.{{sfn | Farrell | 2011 }}
+FEE was founded in 1946 to promote free-market economics, with financial backing provided by the [[William Volker Fund]].{{sfnm | 1a1=Mirowski | 1a2=Plehwe | 1y=2009 | 1p=156 | 2a1=Lichtman | 2y=2008 | 2p=160 | 3a1=George | 3y=1997 }} The founding documents of FEE said: "The job of economic education must be undertaken now while those who appreciate the value of liberty are still in a position to support it."<ref>Dochuk, Darren (2010). ''From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism''. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-07927-2. p. 114</ref> In its first years, FEE opposed the [[Marshall Plan]], [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]], and [[Minimum Wage]]s, among other American social and economic policies. Referencing the influence of religion on the economic policy proposals of FEE, board member Jasper Crane stated, "we are going to be beaten if we rely entirely on the argument of dollars and cents."<ref name="White Protestant">{{cite book|last=Lichtman|first=Allan J.|title=White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement|year=2008|publisher=Grove Press|isbn=978-0-802-14420-1|page=160|authorlink=Allan Lichtman| oclc=262431088 }}</ref>
+[[File:Henry hazlitt.jpg|thumb|left|Founding vice-president Henry Hazlitt]]
+===People===
+The initial officers of FEE were [[Leonard E. Read]]{{refn|name=Read with Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce|Read was the [[Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce]] executive director{{sfn | Rothbard | 2006 | p=451}} from 1938{{sfn | Dochuk | 2010 | p =116}} to 1945.{{sfn | Heller | 2009 | p=197}} }} as president, [[Henry Hazlitt]] as vice-president, and chairman David Goodrich{{refn|name=Goodrich note|of [[B. F. Goodrich]]}}.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=27 | 2a1=Olson | 2y=2009|1quote="… Read visited with David Goodrich, the president of the B. F. Goodrich Company. The executive promised to assist him in starting a new organization … Read named his new group the Foundation for Economic Education … One of FEE's first trustees was the wealthy and energetic Jasper Crane … "  }} Other trustees on the FEE board included Jasper Crane{{refn|name=crane note|of [[duPont]]}}, H. W. Luhnow{{refn|name=Luhnow note |of William Volker & Co.}}, and [[Robert W. Welch, Jr.|Robert Welch]]{{refn|name=Welch note |founder of the [[John Birch Society]]}}.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=27 | quote1="… Read visited with David Goodrich, the president of the B. F. Goodrich Company. The executive promised to assist him in starting a new organization … Read named his new group the Foundation for Economic Education … One of FEE's first trustees was the wealthy and energetic Jasper Crane … " | 2a1=Hazlitt|2y=2006 |quote2="The original officers were David M. Goodrich, chairman of the Board (he was then also chairman of the board of the B. F. Goodrich Company); Leonard Read, president; myself, vice-president; Fred R. Fairchild, professor of economics at Yale University, secretary; and Claude Robinson, president of the Opinion Research Institute, treasurer. [The] sixteen [original] trustees ... included H. W. Luhnow, president of William Volker & Company; A. C. Mattei, president of Honolulu Oil Corporation; William A. Paton of the University of Michigan; Charles White, president of the Republic Steel Corporation; Leo Wolman, professor of economics at Columbia; Donaldson Brown, former vice-president of General Motors; Jasper Crane, former vice-president of Du Pont; B. E. Hutchinson, chairman of the finance committee of Chrysler Corporation; Bill Matthews, publisher of the Arizona Star; W. C. Mullendore, president of the Southern California Edison Company." | 3a1=Perlstein|3y=2009 }} Read served as president from 1946 until his death in 1983.{{sfn | Sennholz | 1993 | p=185 }} Perry E. Gresham followed his friend Read as president in 1983.{{sfn | Sennholz | 1993 | p=185 }} The presidency of FEE{{sfn | Reed | 2012 }} from 1983 to 1984 was held by John Sparks Sr., from 1984 to 1985 by Bob Love, from 1985 to 1988 by a series of acting presidents, then from 1988 to 1992 by Bruce Evans. After retiring from [[Grove City College]] where he taught economics, [[Hans Sennholz]] served as president from 1992 to 1997.{{sfn | Wilcox | 2000 | p=151 }} Before serving as Chair of the Department of Economics at [[George Mason University]], [[Donald J. Boudreaux]] served as president from 1997 to 2001.{{sfn | Boudreaux | 2011}} Economist, [[investment analyst]], professor and author [[Mark Skousen]] served as president from 2001 to 2002.{{sfn | Skousen | 2010}} Author and professor [[Richard Ebeling]] served as president from 2003 to 2008.{{sfn | Ebeling | 2009 }} [[Economist]], author, and professor [[Lawrence W. Reed]] became the current president in 2008.{{sfn | Farrell | 2011 }}
+[[File:Israel.kirzner.lecture.for.fee.july.28.2006.jpg|thumb|right|Lecture by [[Israel Kirzner]] on July 28, 2006 for FEE]]
+===Significance===
-==Significance==
 [[Murray Rothbard]] credited FEE with creating a "crucial open center" for a libertarian movement.{{sfn | Gordon | 2010 | p=14 }}
-During his extended graduate studies at Columbia University, Rothbard was influenced by FEE researcher Baldy Harper.{{sfn | Gordon | 2010 | p=12-14 }} [[Friedrich Hayek]] saw FEE as part of the inspiration for the formation of the [[Mont Pelerin Society]] in 1947.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=86 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2pp=15, 19, 21, 53, 156, 190, 196, 243, 281, 284, 293, 387, 397, 410 | 3a1=Plehwe | 3y=2006 | 3p=31 }} FEE provided a financial subsidy to the Mont Pelerin Society.{{sfnm | 1a1=Hamowy | 1y=2008 | 1p=492 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2p=15 }} Hayek encouraged [[Anthony Fisher]] to found the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] after visiting FEE in 1952. {{sfn | Mirowski & Plehwe | 2009 | p. 387 | quote="Anthony Fisher, founded the Institute of Economic Affairs with Hayek's encouragement, following a visit to the Foundation for Economic Education in 1952."}} According to the ''2014 Global Go To [[Think Tank]] Index Report''{{refn|name=Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program at University of Pennsylvania | [[Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program]], [[University of Pennsylvania]] }} FEE is number 47 out of 60 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".{{sfnm | 1a1=McGann | 1y=2015 }}
+During his extended graduate studies at Columbia University, Rothbard was influenced by FEE co-founder Baldy Harper and his opposition to government.{{sfn | Gordon | 2010 | p=12-14 }} [[Friedrich Hayek]] saw FEE as part of the inspiration for the formation of the [[Mont Pelerin Society]] in 1947.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=86 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2pp=15, 19, 21, 53, 156, 190, 196, 243, 281, 284, 293, 387, 397, 410 | 3a1=Plehwe | 3y=2006 | 3p=31 }} FEE provided a financial subsidy to the Mont Pelerin Society.{{sfnm | 1a1=Hamowy | 1y=2008 | 1p=492 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2p=15 }} Early in the Mount Pelerin Society's history, Hayek did not like having so many members from FEE.<ref>''Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan''. Kim Phillips-Fein, W.W. Norton, 2009. p. 55 ISBN 9780393059304</ref> According to the ''2014 Global Go To [[Think Tank]] Index Report'' ([[Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program]], [[University of Pennsylvania]]), FEE is number 47 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".<ref name="Global Go To">{{cite web| author=James G. McGann (Director) |authorlink=James McGann|url=http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=think_tanks|title=2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report |date=February 4, 2015 |accessdate=February 14, 2015 |quote=}}</ref>
-==Location==
+===Location===
-FEE first occupied two rooms on the 30th floor of the [[Equitable Building (Manhattan)|Equitable Building]] in Manhattan.{{sfn | Dodsworth | 1995 | p = 2 | quote= "In those anxious moments, Thomas I. Parkinson, president of Equitable Life Assurance Company, came to the rescue. He provided Fee with two rooms in the Equitable Building at 737 Seventh Avenue in Manhattan. On the 30th floor, with a magnificent view over the city, Leonard Read set about conducting the affairs of his new organization."}}  Next the organization moved to Hillside in [[Irvington, New York]].{{sfnm | 1a1=Gaskins | 1y2012 | 1p= 468 | 2a1=Spikes | 2a2=Leone | 2y=2009 | 2p=26 }} In 2014, FEE sold its Irvington headquarters, transferring its main offices to [[Atlanta, Georgia]].{{sfnm | 1a1=Farrell | 1y=2011| 1quote="In early May 2010, FEE opened a branch office in downtown Atlanta." | 2a1=Olson|2y=2014|}}
+FEE briefly occupied two rooms on the 30th floor of the [[Equitable Building (Manhattan)|Equitable Building]] in Manhattan at the time of its founding.{{sfn | Dodsworth | 1995 | p = 2 | quote= "In those anxious moments, Thomas I. Parkinson, president of Equitable Life Assurance Company, came to the rescue. He provided Fee with two rooms in the Equitable Building at 737 Seventh Avenue in Manhattan. On the 30th floor, with a magnificent view over the city, Leonard Read set about conducting the affairs of his new organization."}}  It moved to  [[Irvington, New York]] shortly after its founding.{{sfn | Spikes | Leone | 2009 | p = 26 }} In 2014, FEE sold its Irvington headquarters, transferring its main offices to [[Atlanta, Georgia]].{{sfnm | 1a1=Farrell | 1y=2011| 1quote="In early May 2010, FEE opened a branch office in downtown Atlanta." | 2a1=Olson|2y=2014|}}
 ==Programs==
+[[File:Faculty.panel.during.a.fee.seminar.jpg|thumb|left|320px|[[Faculty (academic staff)|Faculty]] panel during a FEE seminar]]
-FEE describes its mission as to "inspire, educate and connect future leaders with the economic, ethical and legal principles of a free society."{{sfn | Foundation for Economic Education | 2013 | quote = "FEE’s mission is to inspire, educate and connect future leaders with the economic, ethical and legal principles of a free society."}} FEE offers a variety of programs for [[Secondary education|high school]] students, [[Undergraduate education|undergraduates]], and [[Postgraduate education|graduate]] students.{{sfnm | 1a1=Ashford | 1y=2011 | 2a1=Giannotta | 2y=2011 | 3a1=Foley | 3y=2010 | 4a1=Olson | 4y=2009 | quote4="… hold week long seminars here during the summer ..." | }} Since 1946 FEE has also sponsored public lectures by various thinkers, including [[Ludwig von Mises]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=116 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=335 | 3a1=Olson | 3y=2009 }} [[Friedrich Hayek|F.A. Hayek]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=52 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=217 | 3a1=Mirowski | 3a2=Plehwe | 3y=2009 | 3p=285 | 4a1=Olson | 4y=2009 }} [[Henry Hazlitt]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=43 | 2a1=Olson | 2y=2009 }} [[Milton Friedman]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Hamowy | 1y=2008 | 1p=492 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2p=21 }} [[James M. Buchanan]],{{sfn | Mirowski | Plehwe | 2009 | p=21 }} [[Vernon L. Smith|Vernon Smith]],{{sfn | Smith | 2006 }} [[Walter E. Williams|Walter Williams]],{{sfn | Williams | 2006 }} [[F. A. Harper|F.A. "Baldy" Harper]],{{sfn | Hamowy | 2008 | p=492 }} and [[William F. Buckley Jr.]].{{sfn | Phillips-Fein | 2009 | p=40 }}
+The FEE describes its mission as to "inspire, educate and connect future leaders with the economic, ethical and legal principles of a free society."{{sfn | Foundation for Economic Education | 2013 | quote = "FEE’s mission is to inspire, educate and connect future leaders with the economic, ethical and legal principles of a free society."}} FEE offers a variety of programs for high school, college, and graduate students. Since 1946 FEE has also sponsored public lectures by various thinkers, including [[Ludwig von Mises]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=116 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=335 | 3a1=Olson | 3y=2009 }} [[Friedrich Hayek|F.A. Hayek]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=52 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=217 | 3a1=Mirowski | 3a2=Plehwe | 3y=2009 | 3p=285 | 4a1=Olson | 4y=2009 }} [[Henry Hazlitt]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=43 | 2a1=Olson | 2y=2009 }} [[Milton Friedman]],{{sfnm | 1a1=Hamowy | 1y=2008 | 1p=492 | 2a1=Mirowski | 2a2=Plehwe | 2y=2009 | 2p=21 }} [[James Buchanan]],{{sfn | Mirowski | Plehwe | 2009 | p=21 }} [[Vernon L. Smith|Vernon Smith]],{{sfn | Smith | 2006 }} [[Walter E. Williams|Walter Williams]],{{sfn | Williams | 2006 }} [[F. A. Harper|F.A. "Baldy" Harper]],{{sfn | Hamowy | 2008 | p=492 }} and [[William F. Buckley Jr.]].{{sfn | Phillips-Fein | 2009 | p=40 }}
 ===Publications===
-In 1945 [[du Pont]] executive Jasper Crane, along with [[Alfred Kohlberg]], started a capital campaign for the organization.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=ii | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Schneider | 3y=2009 | 3p=47 | 4a1=Lichtman | 4y=2008 | 4p=160 }} After contributions from [[J. Howard Pew]], [[Inland Steel]], [[Quaker Oats Company|Quaker Oats]], and [[Sears]] enough funding was available for FEE to start publishing ''[[The Freeman]]''{{refn|name=Freeman ISSN and OCLC|{{ISSN|0016-0652}}; {{OCLC|1570149}} }} in 1950.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=115 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Schneider | 3y=2009 | 3p=47 | 4a1=Lichtman | 4y=2008 | 4p=160 }} FEE publishes books, articles, and pamphlets both on paper and digitally that the foundation considers classic works on liberty.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=52 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Olson | 3y=2009 }} These include the notable publications ''[[I, Pencil|I, Pencil: My Family Tree]]'' by Read,{{sfn | Read | 1958 }} ''[[The Law (1850 book)|The Law]]'' by Bastiat,{{sfn | Bastiat | 1950 }}  ''Anything That's Peaceful'' by Read,{{sfn | Read | 1998 }} [[Socialism (book)|''Planned Chaos'']] by Mises,{{sfn | Mises | 1947 }} ''Industry-Wide Bargaining'' by Wolman,{{sfn | Wolman | 1948 }} ''Up from Poverty: Reflections on the Ills of Public Assistance'' by Sennholz,{{sfn | Sennholz | 1997 }} and ''The Virtue of Liberty'' by [[Tibor R. Machan|Machan]].{{sfn | Machan | 1994 }}
+In 1945 [[du Pont]] executive Jasper Crane, along with [[Alfred Kohlberg]], started a capital campaign for the organization.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=ii | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Schneider | 3y=2009 | 3p=47 | 4a1=Lichtman | 4y=2008 | 4p=160 }} After contributions from [[J. Howard Pew]], [[Inland Steel]], [[Quaker Oats Company|Quaker Oats]], and [[Sears]] enough funding was available for FEE to start publishing ''[[The Freeman]]'' in 1950.<ref>{{ISSN|0016-0652}}; {{OCLC|1570149}}</ref> {{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=115 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Schneider | 3y=2009 | 3p=47 | 4a1=Lichtman | 4y=2008 | 4p=160 }} FEE publishes books, articles, and pamphlets both on paper and digitally that the foundation considers classic works on liberty.{{sfnm | 1a1=Phillips-Fein | 1y=2009 | 1p=52 | 2a1=Hamowy | 2y=2008 | 2p=62 | 3a1=Olson | 3y=2009 }} These include the notable publications ''[[I, Pencil|I, Pencil: My Family Tree]]'' by Read,{{sfn | Read | 1958 }} ''[[The Law (1850 book)|The Law]]'' by Bastiat,{{sfn | Bastiat | 1950 }}  ''Anything That's Peaceful'' by Read,{{sfn | Read | 1998 }} [[Socialism (book)|''Planned Chaos'']] by Mises,{{sfn | Mises | 1947 }} ''Industry-Wide Bargaining'' by Wolman,{{sfn | Wolman | 1948 }} ''Up from Poverty: Reflections on the Ills of Public Assistance'' by Sennholz,{{sfn | Sennholz | 1997 }} and ''The Virtue of Liberty'' by [[Tibor R. Machan|Machan]].{{sfn | Machan | 1994 }}
-<gallery mode="packed-hover" height="180">
-File:Fee.library.tour.jpg|Group tours the FEE library at the Hillside estate
-File:Israel.kirzner.lecture.for.fee.july.28.2006.jpg|[[Israel Kirzner]] lecture for FEE on July 28, 2006
-File:Faculty.panel.during.a.fee.seminar.jpg|[[Faculty (academic staff)|Faculty]] panel during a FEE seminar
-</gallery>
 ==Notes==
-{{Reflist|group=notes}}
+{{reflist|20em}}
-{{reflist|4|colwidth=30em}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 69: / Line 74: @@
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Edward Elgar Pub| isbn = 1-85278-581-0| title = The Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics| editor = [[Peter J. Boettke|Boettke, Peter J.]] |year=1994|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite news | last = Boudreaux |first = Donald | url=http://www.usnews.com/debate-club/should-congress-interfere-with-chinas-currency-policies/a-devalued-renminbi-makes-wealthier-americans | title=A Devalued Renminbi Makes Wealthier Americans | publisher=U.S.News & World Report | work=Debate Club | date=October 13, 2011 | accessdate=November 2, 2011 | location=New York|ref=harv}}
-* {{Cite report |author=Charity Navigator| title=Foundation for Economic Education|url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=6759#.U5Ttq5RdUQ4|publisher=[[Charity Navigator]]|accessdate=September 29, 2015 | year=2015 |ref=harv}}
+* {{Cite report |author=Charity Navigator| title=Foundation for Economic Education|url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=6759#.U5Ttq5RdUQ4|publisher=[[Charity Navigator]]|accessdate=October 10, 2011|quote=The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE), one of the oldest free-market organizations in the United States, was founded in 1946 by Leonard E. Read to study and advance the freedom philosophy. FEE's mission is to offer the most consistent case for the first principles of freedom: the sanctity of private property, individual liberty, the rule of law, the free market, and the moral superiority of individual choice and responsibility over coercion. To help people rediscover how essential freedom is to human existence and to demonstrate how dangerous it is to move toward any form of collectivism, FEE offers a comprehensive educational program to all students of liberty.|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | edition = | publisher = Stanford Economics and Finance| isbn = 0-8047-5440-3| last = Coyne | first = Christopher J.|authorlink= Christopher Coyne (professor)| title = After War: The Political Economy of Exporting Democracy| year = 2007|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = W. W. Norton  | isbn = 978-0-393-07927-2 | last = Dochuk | first = Darren | title = From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism | date = 2010-12-13 |ref=harv }}
@@ Line 88: / Line 93: @@
 * {{cite encyclopedia |last= |first= |authorlink= |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC  |accessdate= |edition= |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publications]], [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |id= |isbn= 978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=62, 217, 221, 335, 416, 417  |quote= |ref=harv }}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn = 978-0-226-32064-9 | last = Hayek | first = F. A. | title = The Fortunes of Liberalism: Essays on Austrian Economics and the Ideal of Freedom | date = 1992-02-15 | ref=harv }}
-* {{cite journal|last=Hazlitt|first=Henry|title=The Early History of FEE|url=http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/the-early-history-of-fee#axzz2YZOSx4TX|work=The Freeman|publisher=FEE|date=May 1, 2006 | orig-year= March 1984|quote=The original officers were David M. Goodrich, chairman of the Board (he was then also chairman of the board of the B. F. Goodrich Company); Leonard Read, president; myself, vice-president; Fred R. Fairchild, professor of economics at Yale University, secretary; and Claude Robinson, president of the Opinion Research Institute, treasurer. [The] sixteen [original] trustees ... included H. W. Luhnow, president of William Volker & Company; A. C. Mattei, president of Honolulu Oil Corporation; William A. Paton of the University of Michigan; Charles White, president of the Republic Steel Corporation; Leo Wolman, professor of economics at Columbia; Donaldson Brown, former vice-president of General Motors; Jasper Crane, former vice-president of Du Pont; B. E. Hutchinson, chairman of the finance committee of Chrysler Corporation; Bill Matthews, publisher of the Arizona Star; W. C. Mullendore, president of the Southern California Edison Company. | ref=harv }}
+* {{cite journal|last=Hazlitt|first=Henry|title=The Early History of FEE|url=http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/the-early-history-of-fee#axzz2YZOSx4TX|work=The Freeman|publisher=FEE|date=May 1, 2006 | orig-year= March 1984|quote=The original officers were David M. Goodrich, chairman of the Board (he was then also chairman of the board of the B. F. Goodrich Company); Leonard Read, president; myself, vice-president; Fred R. Fairchild, professor of economics at Yale University, secretary; and Claude Robinson, president of the Opinion Research Institute, treasurer. [The] sixteen [original] trustees ... included H. W. Luhnow, president of William Volker & Company; A. C. Mattei, president of Honolulu Oil Corporation; William A. Paton of the University of Michigan; Charles White, president of the Republic Steel Corporation; Leo Wolman, professor of economics at Columbia; Donaldson Brown, former vice-president of General Motors; Jasper Crane, former vice-president of Du Pont; B. E. Hutchinson, chairman of the finance committee of Chrysler Corporation; Bill Matthews, publisher of the Arizona Star; W. C. Mullendore, president of the Southern California Edison Company.}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Random House Digital | isbn = 978-0-385-52946-4 | last = Heller | first = Anne C. | title = Ayn Rand and the World She Made | date = 2009-10-27  | ref=harv }}
 * {{Cite conference | publisher = VHB Engineering, Surveying and Landscape Architecture, P.C. | pages = 51 | last = Hoffman | first = William | title = Continuum Living at Irvington | location = Irvington, NY | series = Draft Environmental Impact Statement | date = 2011-11-22 | ref=harv}}
@@ Line 96: / Line 101: @@
 * {{Cite news | last = Hülsmann |first = Jörg Guido |title=Birth of a Movement |url=https://mises.org/daily/2732 |work=Mises Daily |publisher=Ludwig von Mises Institute |accessdate=October 10, 2011|date=October 28, 2007|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite report | author = Internal Revenue Service | date = 2012 | title = Exempt Organizations Select Check | url = http://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/pub78Search.do;jsessionid=3EfG9EszQMVoiQyXYm6Cfw__?ein1=136006960&names=&city=&state=All...&country=US&deductibility=all&dispatchMethod=searchCharities&submitName=Search | publisher = Internal Revenue Service | location = Washington, DC  |ref=harv}}
-* {{Cite journal | pages = 383–401 | last1 = Kashyap | first1 = Anil K. | last2 = Wilcox | first2 = David W. | title = Production and Inventory Control at the General Motors Corporation During the 1920's and 1930's | journal = The American Economic Review | year = 1993 | jstor = 2117524 | volume=83 | ref=harv }}
+* {{Cite journal | pages = 383–401 | last = Kashyap | first = Anil K. | coauthors = David W. Wilcox | title = Production and Inventory Control at the General Motors Corporation During the 1920's and 1930's | journal = The American Economic Review | year = 1993 | ref=harv | jstor = 2117524 | volume=83}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Princeton University Press| isbn = 0-691-15009-5| last = Leeson | first = Peter T.|authorlink=Pete Leeson| title = The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates| year = 2011|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | title=White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement | publisher=Grove Press | last = Lichtman  | first = Allan J | year=2008 | location=New York | pages=160, 171, 173, 206 | isbn=978-0-8021-4420-1|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| isbn = 978-0-910614-93-1| last = Machan | first = Tibor| title = The Virtue of Liberty| location = Irvington, NY| year = 1994 | oclc=717721529 |ref=harv}}
-*{{Cite conference| publisher = University of Pennsylvania| pages = 171| last = McGann| first = James| title = 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report | year=2015 | date = 2015-03-01 |ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite journal | last = Mellor | url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110111033741/http://www.ij.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2048&Itemid=245 | title=An Evening at FEE With Chip Mellor | journal=Liberty & Law |date=February 2008 | volume=18|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = London School of Economics | last = Menger | first = Carl | title = The Collected Works of Carl Menger: Grundsätse Der Volkswirthschaftslehre | year = 1934 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=UZ4JAAAAIAAJ&dq=editions:Jaw6GXKEfn8C | ref=harv }}
@@ Line 107: / Line 111: @@
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Mises | first = Ludwig von| title = Planned Chaos| location = Irvington, NY| year = 1947 | isbn=  978-0-910-61400-9 | oclc= 782168388 |ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite interview | title=An Inside Look at the Foundation for Economic Education FEE  | date=September 28, 2009 | accessdate=December 28, 2011 | last = Olson  | first = Wayne | interviewer=Pete Eyre | program=Motorhome Diaires | city=Irvington, NY|ref=harv}}
-* {{cite news|last1=Olson|first1=Wayne|authormask = —— |title=Strategic Notes from FEE—Bricks & Mortar|url=http://fee.org/publications/detail/strategic-notes-from-feebricks-mortar|accessdate=3 December 2014|publisher=FEE|date=May 1, 2014 | ref=harv }}
+* {{cite news|last1=Olson|first1=Wayne|title=Strategic Notes from FEE—Bricks & Mortar|url=http://fee.org/publications/detail/strategic-notes-from-feebricks-mortar|accessdate=3 December 2014|publisher=FEE|date=May 1, 2014}}
 * {{Cite book | title=The Confiscation of American Prosperity from Right-Wing Extremism and Economic Ideology to the Next Great Depression | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | last = Perelman  | first = Michael | year=2007 | location=New York | page=64 | isbn=978-0-230-60046-1|ref=harv}}
-* {{cite book|last=Perlstein|first=Rick|title=Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus|year=2009|publisher=Nation Books|pages=113–4| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DG3BE0C0VkAC&dq=%22Foundation+for+Economic+Education%22+%22John+Birch%22&q=113#v=snippet&q=113&f=false | ref=harv }}
+* {{cite book|last=Perlstein|first=Rick|title=Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus|year=2009|publisher=Nation Books|pages=113–4| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DG3BE0C0VkAC&dq=%22Foundation+for+Economic+Education%22+%22John+Birch%22&q=113#v=snippet&q=113&f=false}}
 * {{Cite book | title=Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan | publisher=W. W. Norton  | last = Phillips-Fein|first = Kim | year=2009 | location=New York | page=ii, 27, 52, 60, 86, 101, 115, 116, 124, 149, 167, 265, 270, 285, 286 | isbn=978-0-393-05930-4|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | url=http://books.google.com/?id=QTtE1VpEF40C&lpg=PA27&dq=%22%2BFoundation%20for%20Economic%20Education%22&pg=PA27#v=onepage&q=%22+Foundation%20for%20Economic%20Education%22&f=false | title=Neoliberal Hegemony: A Global Critique | publisher=Taylor & Francis | last = Plehwe  | first = Dieter | year=2006 | location=London | pages=31, 48, 49 | isbn=0-415-37327-1|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Read | first = Leonard E.| title = Anything That's Peaceful| location= Irvington, NY|year = 1998 |edition=2 | isbn= 978-1-572460-79-9 |oclc=40829866|ref=harv}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Foundation for Economic Education| last = Read | first = Leonard E.| title = I, Pencil: My Family Tree| authormask = —— | location = Irvington, NY| url=http://www.fee.org/files/doclib/20121114_IPencilUpdatedCover2012.pdf | year = 1958 |isbn= 978-1-572462-09-0 | oclc=271625357 |ref=harv}}
-* {{Cite journal | last= Reed | first=Lawrence W. | title = RE: The FEE presidents | date = October 7, 2012 | format = E-mail|  ref=harv }}
+* {{Cite journal | last= Reed | first=Lawrence W. | title = RE: The FEE presidents | date = October 7, 2012 | format = E-mail|ref=harv | postscript= <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}
 * {{Cite book | publisher = Ludwig von Mises Institute | isbn = 978-0-945466-46-8 | last = Rothbard | first = Murray N. | title = Making Economic Sense | year = 2006  | ref=harv }}
 * {{Cite book | title=The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | last = Schneider  | first = Gregory L | year=2009 | location=Lanham, MD | page=47 | isbn=978-0-7425-4284-6|ref=harv}}