Typhoon Goni: Difference between revisions

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==Preparations==
==Preparations==
{{In use section|date=08:51, 31 October 2020 (UTC)}}
===Philippines===
===Philippines===
The Bicol Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) issued a no-sail policy that was put in place on October 29.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Niño Luces|date=October 29, 2020|title=No sailing policy up in Bicol region due to approaching typhoon|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/29/no-sailing-policy-up-in-bicol-region-due-to-approaching-typhoon/|access-date=October 29, 2020|website=mb.com.ph|publisher=Manila Bulletin}}</ref> The Philippine Coast Guard stopped giving travel permits to sea vessels bound for the [[Polillo Island]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=Delfin T. Mallari|date=2020-10-30|title=Quezon province under ‘red alert’ for ‘Rolly’|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354352/quezon-province-under-red-alert-for-rolly|access-date=2020-10-30|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> On October 30 at 8:00 [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]] (0:00 UTC), authorities of [[Quezon]] placed the province in red alert in preparation for the storm, which requires operation and monitoring teams to be available at all times as the typhoon worsens. At the same time, the [[Camarines Norte]] Incident Management Team began evacuating 35,000 families, around 159,000 people, from high-risk areas, including coastal villages inside the province's bayside capital, [[Daet]].<ref name="Inquirer1"/> The following day, on October 31, local governments across [[Camarines Sur]] began forced evacuations, with the province's Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council expecting the evacuation of 20,000 families before noon.<ref name="Evac20000">{{Cite web|last=Mier-Manjares|first=Maria April|title=Typhoon Rolly update: Evacuation of vulnerable Camarines residents in full swing|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354653/typhoon-rolly-update-evacuation-of-vulnerable-camarines-residents-in-full-swing|date=2020-10-31|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> The [[Research Institute for Tropical Medicine]], one of the largest [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] sample testing laboratories in the country, announced a temporary suspension of operations on November 1 and 2 in order to mitigate damage to their building and equipment.<ref name="Inquirer1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-10-31|title=‘Rolly’ prompts mass evacuations in Luzon|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354595/rolly-prompts-mass-evacuations-in-luzon|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-31|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> On the same day, the NDRRMC raised a nationwide red alert in preparation for the storm's impact.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=Monitoring Dashboard|url=https://monitoring-dashboard.ndrrmc.gov.ph/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030070311/https://monitoring-dashboard.ndrrmc.gov.ph/|archive-date=2020-10-30|access-date=2020-10-30|website=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council}}</ref> As the super typhoon neared the country, the [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] had issued advisories warning of possible [[lahar]] contamination of nearby rivers and drainage areas near [[Mount Pinatubo]], the [[Mayon|Mayon Volcano]], and the [[Taal Volcano]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hallare|first=Katrina|date=2020-10-31|title=Mayon, Pinatubo, Taal mudflow, lahar possible as ‘Rolly’ nears Luzon — Phivolcs|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354624/mayon-pinatubo-taal-mudflow-lahar-possible-as-rolly-nears-luzon-phivolcs|access-date=2020-10-31|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-10-30|title=Lahar Advisory for Monitored Volcanoes to Be Affected by Typhoon Rolly (Goni)|url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-advisory-menu/10807-lahar-advisory-for-monitored-volcanoes-to-be-affected-by-typhoon-rolly-goni-30-october-2020-10-30-pm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031021059/https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-advisory-menu/10807-lahar-advisory-for-monitored-volcanoes-to-be-affected-by-typhoon-rolly-goni-30-october-2020-10-30-pm|archive-date=2020-10-31|access-date=2020-10-31|website=[[PHIVOLCS]]}}</ref> On the morning of October 31 PHT,<!-- 24 hours before the typhoon made landfall,--> PAGASA raised a [[TCWS|Signal #3]] tropical cyclone warning signal for [[Catanduanes]], with the same signal being raised for the northeastern portions of both [[Albay]] and Camarines Sur a few hours later.<ref>{{Cite PAGASA|date=2020-10-31|name=Rolly|intl_name=Goni|type=swb|no=7|category=TY|url=http://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tamss/weather/bulletin.pdf|archive-url=https://archive.org/download/pagasa-20-22W/PAGASA_20-22W_Rolly_SWB%2307.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite PAGASA|date=2020-10-31|name=Rolly|intl_name=Goni|type=swb|no=8|category=TY|url=http://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tamss/weather/bulletin.pdf|archive-url=https://archive.org/download/pagasa-20-22W/PAGASA_20-22W_Rolly_SWB%2308.pdf}}</ref>
The Bicol Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) issued a no-sail policy that was put in place on October 29.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Niño Luces|date=October 29, 2020|title=No sailing policy up in Bicol region due to approaching typhoon|url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/29/no-sailing-policy-up-in-bicol-region-due-to-approaching-typhoon/|access-date=October 29, 2020|website=mb.com.ph|publisher=Manila Bulletin}}</ref> The Philippine Coast Guard stopped giving travel permits to sea vessels bound for the [[Polillo Island]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jr|first=Delfin T. Mallari|date=2020-10-30|title=Quezon province under ‘red alert’ for ‘Rolly’|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354352/quezon-province-under-red-alert-for-rolly|access-date=2020-10-30|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> On October 30 at 8:00 [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]] (0:00 UTC), authorities of [[Quezon]] placed the province in red alert in preparation for the storm, which requires operation and monitoring teams to be available at all times as the typhoon worsens. At the same time, the [[Camarines Norte]] Incident Management Team began evacuating 35,000 families, around 159,000 people, from high-risk areas, including coastal villages inside the province's bayside capital, [[Daet]].<ref name="Inquirer1">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-10-31|title=‘Rolly’ prompts mass evacuations in Luzon|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354595/rolly-prompts-mass-evacuations-in-luzon|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-31|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> On the same day, the NDRRMC raised a nationwide red alert in preparation for the storm's impact.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=Monitoring Dashboard|url=https://monitoring-dashboard.ndrrmc.gov.ph/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030070311/https://monitoring-dashboard.ndrrmc.gov.ph/|archive-date=2020-10-30|access-date=2020-10-30|website=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council}}</ref>
The [[Research Institute for Tropical Medicine]], one of the largest [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] sample testing laboratories in the country, announced a temporary suspension of operations on November 1 and 2 in order to mitigate damage to their building and equipment.<ref name="Inquirer1" /> As the super typhoon neared the country, the [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] had issued advisories warning of possible [[lahar]] contamination of nearby rivers and drainage areas near [[Mount Pinatubo]], the [[Mayon|Mayon Volcano]], and the [[Taal Volcano]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hallare|first=Katrina|date=2020-10-31|title=Mayon, Pinatubo, Taal mudflow, lahar possible as ‘Rolly’ nears Luzon — Phivolcs|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354624/mayon-pinatubo-taal-mudflow-lahar-possible-as-rolly-nears-luzon-phivolcs|access-date=2020-10-31|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-10-30|title=Lahar Advisory for Monitored Volcanoes to Be Affected by Typhoon Rolly (Goni)|url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-advisory-menu/10807-lahar-advisory-for-monitored-volcanoes-to-be-affected-by-typhoon-rolly-goni-30-october-2020-10-30-pm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031021059/https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-advisory-menu/10807-lahar-advisory-for-monitored-volcanoes-to-be-affected-by-typhoon-rolly-goni-30-october-2020-10-30-pm|archive-date=2020-10-31|access-date=2020-10-31|website=[[PHIVOLCS]]}}</ref>

On the morning of the October 31,<!-- 24 hours before the typhoon made landfall,--> PAGASA raised a [[TCWS|Signal #3]] tropical cyclone warning signal for [[Catanduanes]], with the same signal being raised for the northeastern portions of both [[Albay]] and Camarines Sur a few hours later.<ref>{{Cite PAGASA|date=2020-10-31|name=Rolly|intl_name=Goni|type=swb|no=7|category=TY|url=http://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tamss/weather/bulletin.pdf|archive-url=https://archive.org/download/pagasa-20-22W/PAGASA_20-22W_Rolly_SWB%2307.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite PAGASA|date=2020-10-31|name=Rolly|intl_name=Goni|type=swb|no=8|category=TY|url=http://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/tamss/weather/bulletin.pdf|archive-url=https://archive.org/download/pagasa-20-22W/PAGASA_20-22W_Rolly_SWB%2308.pdf}}</ref> Local governments across [[Camarines Sur]] began forced evacuations, with the province's Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council expecting the evacuation of 20,000 families before noon.<ref name="Evac20000">{{Cite web|last=Mier-Manjares|first=Maria April|date=2020-10-31|title=Typhoon Rolly update: Evacuation of vulnerable Camarines residents in full swing|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354653/typhoon-rolly-update-evacuation-of-vulnerable-camarines-residents-in-full-swing|website=INQUIRER.net|language=en}}</ref> By noon, the Camarines Norte government had evacuated 6,645 individuals from 75 villages out of a planned 159,000.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mier-Manjares|first=Ma. April|date={{date|2020-10-31|MDY}}|title=Typhoon Rolly update: Evacuation of vulnerable Camarines residents in full swing|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1354653/typhoon-rolly-update-evacuation-of-vulnerable-camarines-residents-in-full-swing|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date={{date|2020-10-31|MDY}}|website=[[Inquirer Group of Companies#Inquirer.net|INQUIRER.net]]}}</ref> Food packs worth 8.3 million, non-food items worth 26.42 million, and 3 million in stand-by funds were prepared in the [[Bicol Region]] by the [[Department of Social Welfare and Development]], together with local disaster response agencies. Evacuation centers in [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]] were also prepared, with some school buildings designated for use as shelters.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bacuño|first=Peewee|date={{date|2020-10-31|mdy}}|title=Areas along expected path of Rolly prepare for onslaught|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/762170/areas-along-expected-path-of-rolly-prepare-for-onslaught/story/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date={{date|2020-10-31|MDY}}|website=[[GMA News Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Santos|first=Jamil|date={{date|2020-10-31|MDY}}|title=Aurora province prepared for Typhoon Rolly —governor|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/762187/aurora-province-prepared-for-typhoon-rolly-governor/story/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date={{date|2020-10-31|MDY}}|website=[[GMA News Online]]}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 09:12, 31 October 2020

Goni (Rolly)
Current storm status
Typhoon  (JMA)
Current storm status
Category 5 super typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:06:00 UTC, October 31
Location:14°42′N 127°42′E / 14.7°N 127.7°E / 14.7; 127.7 (Goni (Rolly))
454 nmi (840 km; 520 mi) E of Manila, Philippines
Sustained winds:115 knots (215 km/h; 130 mph) (10-min mean)
160 knots (295 km/h; 185 mph) (1-min mean)
gusting to 165 knots (305 km/h; 190 mph)
Pressure:915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Movement:WSW at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph)
See more detailed information.

Typhoon Goni, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rolly, is a small but extremely powerful Category 5-equivalent super typhoon nearing the Philippines. The 19th named storm, ninth typhoon and second super typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Goni originated as a tropical depression southwest of Guam on October 26. It was then named as Tropical Storm Goni on October 27. Goni explosively intensified over the Philippine Sea, becoming a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon. It is the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2020 thus far.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

After Typhoon Molave devastated the Philippines, the JMA announced the formation of a new tropical depression in the Pacific Ocean, west of the Mariana Islands, on October 27.[1] Given its proximity to the Philippine Area of Responsibility, along with its westward forecasted track, the PAGASA also began issuing advisories on the newly formed system.[2] By the next day, the JTWC had also followed and upgraded the system into a tropical depression.[3] The storm had good outflow and structure as it approached the Philippine Area of Responsibility.[4]

From left to right; Typhoon Molave, Tropical Storm Goni, and the precursor to Tropical Storm Atsani (at bottom right) on October 28, 2020.

As the system continued tracking westward under favorable conditions in the Pacific Ocean, the JMA and JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm, with the JMA assigning the name Goni to the intensifying storm.[5][6][7] The PAGASA followed with an upgrade to a severe tropical storm a few hours later.[8] Due to the warm waters surrounding the storm, the system underwent explosive intensification and became a typhoon.[9][10] On October 29, at 09:30 UTC, Goni entered the PAR and was named Rolly by the PAGASA.[11] By 18:00 UTC, Goni had intensified into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon, with 1-minute sustained winds at 120 knots (220 km/h; 140 mph), and eventually the first Category 5-equivalent typhoon of the season a few hours later.[12][13] The system was declared a super typhoon by the JTWC on October 30 at 09:00 UTC, the second super typhoon of the season.[14]

Current storm information

As of 06:00 UTC October 31, Typhoon Goni (Rolly) is located near 14°42′N 127°42′E / 14.7°N 127.7°E / 14.7; 127.7 (Goni), and about 454 nautical miles (840 km; 520 mi) east of Manila, Philippines. Maximum 10-minute sustained winds are at 115 knots (215 km/h; 130 mph), while maximum 1-minute sustained winds are at 160 knots (295 km/h; 185 mph), with gusts up to 165 knots (305 km/h; 190 mph). The minimum central barometric pressure is 915 hPa (27.02 inHg), and the system is moving west-southwestward at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph).

For the latest official information, see:

Watches and warnings

Active tropical cyclone warning signals issued by the PAGASA for Goni.
Philippines (as of 06:00 UTC (14:00 PHT))
Signal #3
Winds of 89–117 km/h (55–72 mph) are expected to occur within 18 hours.
Signal #2
Winds of 62–88 km/h (39–54 mph) are expected to occur within 24 hours.
Signal #1
Winds of 39–61 km/h (24–38 mph) are expected to occur within 36 hours.
Source: PAGASA

Preparations

Philippines

The Bicol Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) issued a no-sail policy that was put in place on October 29.[15] The Philippine Coast Guard stopped giving travel permits to sea vessels bound for the Polillo Island.[16] On October 30 at 8:00 PHT (0:00 UTC), authorities of Quezon placed the province in red alert in preparation for the storm, which requires operation and monitoring teams to be available at all times as the typhoon worsens. At the same time, the Camarines Norte Incident Management Team began evacuating 35,000 families, around 159,000 people, from high-risk areas, including coastal villages inside the province's bayside capital, Daet.[17] On the same day, the NDRRMC raised a nationwide red alert in preparation for the storm's impact.[18]

The Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, one of the largest COVID-19 sample testing laboratories in the country, announced a temporary suspension of operations on November 1 and 2 in order to mitigate damage to their building and equipment.[17] As the super typhoon neared the country, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology had issued advisories warning of possible lahar contamination of nearby rivers and drainage areas near Mount Pinatubo, the Mayon Volcano, and the Taal Volcano.[19][20]

On the morning of the October 31, PAGASA raised a Signal #3 tropical cyclone warning signal for Catanduanes, with the same signal being raised for the northeastern portions of both Albay and Camarines Sur a few hours later.[21][22] Local governments across Camarines Sur began forced evacuations, with the province's Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council expecting the evacuation of 20,000 families before noon.[23] By noon, the Camarines Norte government had evacuated 6,645 individuals from 75 villages out of a planned 159,000.[24] Food packs worth 8.3 million, non-food items worth 26.42 million, and 3 million in stand-by funds were prepared in the Bicol Region by the Department of Social Welfare and Development, together with local disaster response agencies. Evacuation centers in Aurora were also prepared, with some school buildings designated for use as shelters.[25][26]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2020-10-27. Archived from the original on 2020-10-27. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  2. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory #1 for Tropical Depression" (PDF). PAGASA. 27 October 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  3. ^ Tropical Depression 22W (Twentytwo) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  4. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 22W (Twenty-two) Warning No. 2 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  5. ^ Tropical Storm 22W (Twentytwo) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  6. ^ Tropical Storm 22W (Twenty-two) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  7. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2020-10-28. Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
  8. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Advisory #3 for Severe Tropical Storm 'Goni'" (PDF). PAGASA. 29 October 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  9. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Goni) Warning No. 6 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  10. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2020-10-29. Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  11. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #1 for Typhoon 'Rolly' (Goni)" (PDF). PAGASA. 29 October 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  12. ^ Typhoon 22W (Goni) Warning No. 8 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  13. ^ Typhoon 22W (Goni) Warning No. 10 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  14. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Goni) Warning No. 10 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020. {{cite report}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help)
  15. ^ Niño Luces (October 29, 2020). "No sailing policy up in Bicol region due to approaching typhoon". mb.com.ph. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  16. ^ Jr, Delfin T. Mallari (2020-10-30). "Quezon province under 'red alert' for 'Rolly'". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  17. ^ a b "'Rolly' prompts mass evacuations in Luzon". INQUIRER.net. 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-10-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ "Monitoring Dashboard". National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. 2020-10-30. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  19. ^ Hallare, Katrina (2020-10-31). "Mayon, Pinatubo, Taal mudflow, lahar possible as 'Rolly' nears Luzon — Phivolcs". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
  20. ^ "Lahar Advisory for Monitored Volcanoes to Be Affected by Typhoon Rolly (Goni)". PHIVOLCS. 2020-10-30. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-10-31.
  21. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #7 for Typhoon 'Rolly' (Goni)" (PDF). PAGASA. 31 October 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  22. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #8 for Typhoon 'Rolly' (Goni)" (PDF). PAGASA. 31 October 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  23. ^ Mier-Manjares, Maria April (2020-10-31). "Typhoon Rolly update: Evacuation of vulnerable Camarines residents in full swing". INQUIRER.net.
  24. ^ Mier-Manjares, Ma. April (October 31, 2020). "Typhoon Rolly update: Evacuation of vulnerable Camarines residents in full swing". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 31, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ Bacuño, Peewee (October 31, 2020). "Areas along expected path of Rolly prepare for onslaught". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 31, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ Santos, Jamil (October 31, 2020). "Aurora province prepared for Typhoon Rolly —governor". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 31, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

External links