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System/ Period	Series/ Epoch	Stage/ Age	Age (Ma)
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian	younger
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	2.58	3.600
	Pliocene	Zanclean	3.600	5.333
	Miocene	Messinian	5.333	7.246
		Tortonian	7.246	11.63
		Serravallian	11.63	13.82
		Langhian	13.82	15.97
		Burdigalian	15.97	20.44
		Aquitanian	20.44	23.03
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	older
Subdivision of the Neogene Period according to the ICS, as of 2017^[1]

The Langhian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, an age or stage in the middle Miocene epoch/series. It spans the time between 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma and 13.65 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) during the Middle Miocene.^[2]

The Langhian was a continuing warming period^[3] defined by Lorenzo Pareto in 1865, it was originally established in the Langhe area north of Ceva in northern Italy, hence the name. The Langhian is preceded by the Burdigalian and followed by the Serravallian stage.

Stratigraphic definition

The base of the Langhian is defined by the first appearance of foraminifer species Praeorbulina glomerosa and is also coeval with the top of magnetic chronozone C5Cn.1n. A GSSP for the Langhian stage was not yet established in 2009.

The top of the Langhian stage (the base of the Serravallian stage) is at the first occurrence of fossils of the nannoplankton species Sphenolithus heteromorphus and is located in magnetic chronozone C5ABr.

The Langhian is coeval with the Orleanian and Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zones (more precisely: with biozones MN5 and MN6, MN6 starts just below the Langhian-Serravallian boundary^[4]), with the upper Hemingfordian to mid-Barstovian North American Land Mammal Ages,^[2] with mid-Relizian to Luisian Californian regional stages (the Luisian extends barely into the early Serravallian^[2]), with the early-mid Badenian Paratethys stage of Central and eastern Europe,^[4] with the Tozawan stage in Japan (which runs barely into the early Serravallian^[2]), with the late Batesfordian through Balcombian to early Bairnsdalian Australian stages^[2] and with the mid-Cliffdenian to mid-Lillburnian New Zealand stages.^[2]

Paleontology

Reptiles

Turtles: Meiolania brevicollis

Cartilaginous fish

Sharks, rays, skates and relatives

Chlamydoselachidae: †Chlamydoselachus tobleri
Hexanchidae: Hexanchus griseus (includes "H. andersoni" and "H. gigas"), Hexanchus nakamurai (includes "H. vitulus"), Notorynchus cepedianus (includes "N. kempi" and "N. primigenius")

Mammals

Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae : † Dicerorhinus sansaniensis
Rodentia
- Cricetidae: †Karydomys
- Sciuridae: †Palaeosciurus, ?Ratufa

References

Footnotes

^ "ICS Timescale Chart". stratigraphy.org.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f GeoWhen (2007)
^ Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences."Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-05-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. ISBN 0-8493-1632-4
^ ^a ^b Palaeos (2003)

Literature

Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
Pareto, L.; 1865: Note sur les subdivisions que l'on pourrait établir dans les terrains tertaires de l'Apennin septentrional, Bulletin de la Societé Géologique de France 2(22), p. 210-277. PDF Template:Fr

External links

GeoWhen Database - Langhian
Neogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Neogene timescale at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

Template:Neogene nav

[1] "ICS Timescale Chart". stratigraphy.org.

[geowhen-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f GeoWhen (2007)

[3] Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences."Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-06-20. Retrieved 2010-05-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. ISBN 0-8493-1632-4

[palaeos-4] Palaeos (2003)

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 The '''Langhian''' is, in the [[International Commission on Stratigraphy|ICS]] [[geologic timescale]], an [[age (geology)|age]] or [[stage (stratigraphy)|stage]] in the middle [[Miocene]] [[epoch (geology)|epoch]]/[[series (stratigraphy)|series]]. It spans the time between 15.97 ± 0.05 [[annum|Ma]] and 13.65 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) during the [[Middle Miocene]].<ref name = geowhen>GeoWhen (2007)</ref>
-The Langhian was a continuing warming period<ref>Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences.[http://www.geology.fau.edu/people/petuch.html], Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. {{ISBN|0-8493-1632-4}}</ref>  defined by [[Lorenzo Pareto]] in 1865, it was originally established in the [[Langhe]] area north of [[Ceva]] in northern Italy, hence the name. The Langhian is preceded by the [[Burdigalian]] and followed by the [[Serravallian]] stage.
+The Langhian was a continuing warming period<ref>Edward Petuch, Ph.D. Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences.{{cite web |url=http://www.geology.fau.edu/people/petuch.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620072033/http://www.geology.fau.edu/people/petuch.html |archivedate=2010-06-20 |df= }}, Author, Cenozoic Seas: The View From Eastern North America. {{ISBN|0-8493-1632-4}}</ref>  defined by [[Lorenzo Pareto]] in 1865, it was originally established in the [[Langhe]] area north of [[Ceva]] in northern Italy, hence the name. The Langhian is preceded by the [[Burdigalian]] and followed by the [[Serravallian]] stage.
 ==Stratigraphic definition==