São João National Theatre: Difference between revisions
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{{Geobox|Building |
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[[Image:Porto Teatro de Sao Joao 2.JPG|thumb|250px|right|São João National Theatre.]] |
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The '''São João National Theatre''' ({{lang-pt|'''Teatro Nacional São João'''}}) is a theatre in the city of [[Porto]], in [[Portugal]]. It is located in [[Batalha Square]], in the historical centre of the city. |
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| name = São João Theatre |
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| native_name = Teatro São João |
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| other_name = São João National Theatre |
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| other_name1 = Prince's Theatre |
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| category = [[Theater]] |
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| native_category = Teatro |
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<!-- *** Image *** --> |
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| image = Sé-Teatro de São João.jpg |
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| image_caption = The common oblique view of the national theatre at the corner of ''Praça da Batalha'' and ''Rua de Augusto Rosa'' |
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| image_size = 235 |
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<!-- *** Names **** --> |
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| official_name = Teatro São João |
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| etymology = [[John VI of Portugal]] |
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| etymology_type = Named for |
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| nickname = |
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<!-- *** Symbols *** --> |
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| flag = |
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| symbol = |
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<!-- *** Country *** --> |
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| country = {{flag|Portugal}} |
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| state_type = Region |
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| state = [[Norte, Portugal|Norte]] |
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| region_type = Subregion |
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| region = [[Grande Porto|Greater Porto]] |
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| district = [[Porto (district)|Porto]] |
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| municipality = [[Porto]] |
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<!-- *** Locations *** --> |
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| location = [[Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória]] |
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| elevation = |
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| prominence = |
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| lat_d = 41 |
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| lat_m = 8 |
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| lat_s = 41 |
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| lat_NS = N |
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| long_d = 8 |
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| long_m = 36 |
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| long_s = 26.5 |
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| long_EW = W |
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<!-- *** Dimensions *** --> |
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| length = |
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| length_orientation = Southwest-Northeast |
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| width = |
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| width_orientation = Northwest-Southeast |
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| height = |
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| depth = |
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| volume = |
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| area = |
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<!-- *** Features *** --> |
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| author_type = Architect |
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| author = José Marques da Silva |
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| author1 = João Carreira |
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| style = [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] |
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| material = Wood |
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| material1 = Marble |
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| material2 = Iron |
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| material3 = Granite |
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<!-- *** History & management *** --> |
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| established = |
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| established_type = Origin |
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| established1 = |
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| established1_type = Initiated |
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| established2 = |
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| established2_type = Completion |
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| date = |
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| date_type = Inauguration |
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| owner = [[Porto|Câmara Municipal do Porto]] |
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<!-- *** Access *** --> |
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| public = Public |
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| visitation = |
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| visitation_date = |
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| access = ''Praça da Batalha'', ''Rua de Augusto Rosa'' |
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<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** --> |
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| whs_name = |
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| whs_year = |
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| whs_number = |
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| whs_region = |
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| whs_criteria = |
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| iucn_category = |
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<!-- *** Free fields *** --> |
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| free = [[IGESPAR|Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico]] |
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| free_type = Management |
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| free1 = [[Porto|Câmara Municipal do Porto]] |
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| free1_type = Operator |
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| free2 = '''National Monument'''<br>''Monumento Nacional'' |
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| free2_type = Status |
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| free3 = Decree 16/2012, Diário da Repúblic, Série 1, 132 (10 July 2012) |
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| free3_type = Listing |
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<!-- *** Maps *** --> |
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| map = |
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| map_caption = Location of the cinema within the municipality of [[Porto]] |
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| map_background = |
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| map_locator = |
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| map_locator_x = 34 |
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| map_locator_y = 85 |
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<!-- *** Website *** --> |
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| commons = Teatro Nacional São João |
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| website = |
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<!-- *** Footnotes *** --> |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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The '''São João Theatre''' ({{lang-pt|Teatro São João}}), commonly referred to as the ''São João National Theatre'' is a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[theatre]] and concert venue in [[Freguesia (Portugal)|civil parish]] of [[Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória]], in the [[Concelho|municipality]] of [[Porto]], in [[Norte Region, Portugal|northern]] [[Portugal]]. |
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==History== |
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The history of the theatre begins in 1794, when the main authority of Porto, Francisco de Almada e Mendonça, encharged [[Italian people|Italian]] architect Vicente Mazzoneschi with the project for an opera house. The original theatre was built between 1796 and 1798 and was named ''São João'' (St John) in honour of [[Prince-regent]] João, later crowned king as [[John VI of Portugal]]. The interior of the theatre was similar to [[Teatro Nacional São Carlos|São Carlos Theatre]] of [[Lisbon]], built a little earlier. |
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[[File:Porto, Domingos Alvão 69 (9289454039).jpg|thumb|235px|left|The remanants of the simple facades of the theatre as they appeared following the fire that gutted the entire building]] |
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[[File:Teatro Nacional de S. Joao - GazetaCF 1115 1934.jpg|thumb|235px|left|The ''Teatro São João'' as it appeared in 1934]] |
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[[File:Porto Teatro de Sao Joao 2.JPG|thumb|235px|left|The typical view of the theatre in the 20th century]] |
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[[File:Teatro de São João 2.jpg|thumb|235px|left|An idyllic view of the theatre and square]] |
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The primitive theatre was constructed at the end of the 18th century (1796) by Italian [[Vicente Mazzoneschi]], and inaugurated on 13 May 1798, as the ''Teatro do Príncipe'' (''Prince's Theatre'').<ref name="SIPA">{{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5524 |title=Teatro de São João (IPA.00005524/PT011312140059) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Isabel |last=Sereno |first2=João |last2=Santos |year=1994 |accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> It was named in honour of the prince-regent [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]], who later became King. The construction firm of Francisco de Almada Mendonça was charged with the project, and produced a four-story building with its principal facade decorated with the royal coat-of-arms under an inscription.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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But, on 11 April 1908, there was a fire, destroying the theatre interior, and new structure was built on its former site.<ref name=SIPA/> Before its destruction, the theatre had a markedly horseshoe-shaped plan. Its rounded ceiling, was painted by Joaquim Rafael and in 1856 it had received a new painting by Paulo Pizzi.<ref name=SIPA/> The building included four rows of booths, with the booth for the royal family located centrally on the second floor.<ref name=SIPA/> The large atrium, and the corridors large supported by access from large staircases.<ref name=SIPA/> Along the second floor there was a magnificent concert hall.<ref name=SIPA/> Generally, the theatre had excellent acoustics.<ref name=SIPA/> The stage wall was painted by Sequeira, but was later replaced in 1825 by paintings contracted to the Spaniard João Rodrigues, and later, Palucci. Until 1838, the theatre was lit by tallow candles, and later by similar candles lit by oil oil.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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The first São João Theatre was destroyed by a fire in 1908. A rebuilding project started in 1911 under the direction of Porto architect [[José Marques da Silva]]. The inner concert hall is horseshoe-shaped and has a ceiling painted by artists José de Brito and Acácio Lino, while the entrance hall is decorated with sculptural work by Henrique Araújo Moreira, Diogo de Macedo and José Fernandes de Sousa Caldas. On the main façade, of sober design, there are four reliefs representing four feelings: ''[[Kindness]]'', ''[[Suffering|Pain]]'', ''[[Hatred]]'' and ''[[Love]]'', created by Diogo de Macedo and Sousa Caldas. |
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The Civil Governor, on 11 April 1908, nominated a commission to promote the construction of a new theatre.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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The new theatre was finished in 1918 but was reinaugurated only in 1920, with [[Verdi]]'s ''[[Aida]]''. Initially, the theatre was dedicated to opera and theatre, but after 1932 it was turned into a cinema. Only in 1992, when it was bought by the Portuguese government, was the theatre completely restored to its former glory and renamed São João National Theatre. It is nowadays the main theatre venue in the city and one of the most important in the country. |
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A competition opened on October 8, presided by engineer [[Basílio Alberto de Sousa Pinto]], [[Xavier Esteves]], [[Casimiro Jerónimo de Faria]], architect [[José Marques da Silva]] and the director of public works, Isidro de Campos, whom immediately denounced the conditions of the tender. A new competition was announced a week later, based on slight alterations to the original provisions.<ref name=SIPA/> Preliminary project proposals were accepted on 22 February 1910.<ref name=SIPA/> It was Marques da Silva who obtained the first prize and [[João de Moura Coutinho de Almeida d'Eça]], the runner-up. Before the competition was held, the winning project was designated to Moura Coutinho, then director of the ''Direcção das Obras Públicas'' (''Directorate of Public Works'') in Braga.<ref name=SIPA/> The winning project was approved on 6 May, during a municipal sessions, and the work awarded to the company Soconstroi.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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Work began in 1911 under the direction of Porto architect José Marques da Silva. The inner, horseshoe-shaped concert hall included a ceiling painted by artists José de Brito and Acácio Lino, while the entrance hall was decorated with sculptural work by [[Henrique Araújo Moreira]], [[Diogo de Macedo]] and [[José Fernandes de Sousa Caldas]]. On the main façade, of sober design, there are four reliefs representing four feelings: ''[[Kindness]]'', ''[[Suffering|Pain]]'', ''[[Hatred]]'' and ''[[Love]]'', created by Diogo de Macedo and Sousa Caldas. The building was complete in 1918. Its inauguration was held on 7 March 1920, with the presentation of [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s [[Aida]].<ref name=SIPA/> |
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A projection area was constructed in 1932, and the theatre began to operate a cinema, then designated ''São João Cine''.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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On 26 February 1982, the building was designated a ''Imóvel de Interesse Público'' (''Property of Public Interest''), under Decree 28/82 (Diário da República, Série 1, 47).<ref name=SIPA/> |
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In 1992, the theatre was acquired by the State from the family of Pinto da Costa.<ref name=SIPA/> At that time, the work on the installation of security features and public services were undertaken on site.<ref name=SIPA/> These were elaborated the following year with upgrades to dressing rooms, the stage, washrooms and remodelling of the electrical systems, that included installation of an electrical generator.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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Two years later (23 November) a proposal was issued by the DRPorto, to reclassify the Theatre as a Portuguese National Monument.<ref name=SIPA/> Following a period of remodelling, the theatre began to function regularly, under the designation the ''Teatro Nacional de São João'' (''São João National Theatre'').<ref name=SIPA/> In addition to general cleaning, the work included the consolidation and restoration of the exterior facades, recuperation of the decorative sculptures, treatment of surfaces in pigmented mortar and installation of new woods and iron.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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During the course of this transition, attempts to reclassify the institution continued; on 22 April 1996, a dispatch by the Vice-President of IPPAR, devolved to the DRPorto its proposal for reformulation.<ref name=SIPA/> On 12 September 2005, a new proposal was issued by that entity.<ref name=SIPA/> This new proposal was favourably accept by the deliberative council of [[IGESPAR]] (the successor to IPPAR), which also proposed that no special protection area should be needed, owing to the sites inclusion with the broader Historical Zone of Porto (an area already designated).<ref name=SIPA/> The process was ratified by the ''Secretário de Estado da Cultura'' (Secretary of State for Culture'') on 14 October 2010.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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==Architecture== |
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[[File:Porto Teatro de Sao Joao.JPG|thumb|235px|The main entranceway along the narrower facades, with three porticos, doorways and Neoclassical pilasters]] |
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[[File:64386 10150619590304143 1932033358 n (7874717548).jpg|thumb|235px|The pediment of the lateral facades]] |
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The theatre is centrally-located in Porto, occupying a complete block, in front of the ''Praça da Batalha'', between the ''Rua de Augusto Rosa'' (on its left) and the ''Travessa do Cativ'' (on its right), with the ''Rua do Cativo'' to the rear.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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The rectangular plan is covered in tile roofing, with its principal facade found on one of the two smaller sides of, framed laterally by rustic cornerstones, accentuated by capricious urns and garlands.<ref name=SIPA/> The "noble floor" with three arches on steeped pilasters, is inscribed under columns with broad shafts and Ionian capitals, while the doors of the lodges topped by interrupted pediments.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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Three loggias exist on extended balconies, over sills in the thickness of the walls, interconnected by a balcony running on 4 strong consoles in the same alignment as the ordering columns.<ref name=SIPA/> The arches have a shutter in support and transition to the entablature, which opens a frieze corresponding to a mezzanine of three openings and bas-reliefs alluding to the human passions ("Pain", "Hate", "Kindness" and "Love"), subtitled on the architrave.<ref name=SIPA/> Above, the denticulated cord ends at the frieze and the beginning of a strong cornice based on rebound corbels, which are dense, in a repetitive rhythm that runs throughout the building.<ref name=SIPA/> Crowning the facade is the gable, rising over a high platform, with rhythmic fenestration and formal, ornamented balustrades. The lateral facades are symmetrical.<ref name=SIPA/> On the ground floor, there are 3 arched doorways (topped by a running balcony and supported by 4 consoles), flanked by 2 small doors, with an interrupted curvilinear pediment.<ref name=SIPA/> Here, 3 doors (that are repeated in the two successive upper floors) with balconies and sills, are interspersed between four, embedded Ionic pilasters.<ref name=SIPA/> The set is flanked by strong masks, on intermediate floor, on which a window opens at the top, with small gap at the bottom.<ref name=SIPA/> Corresponding to the stage area, there are high, open slits; in this area, the body of the theatre rises above the entablature, accompanying the broken forms or gables, underlined by the frame and ornamental strip.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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===Interior=== |
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On the ground floor, the vestibule occupies the whole width of the building, with access through the 3 doors of the main facade and lateral entranceways.<ref name=SIPA/> From this space you can access the corridors leading to the audience seating or, to the side, the stairs to the upper floors.<ref name=SIPA/> The avant-foyer and foyer are located on the first floor and occupy the entire width of the building, with two rooms for restaurant and smoking room.<ref name=SIPA/> With its double height, corresponding to the main hall and facade, the interior is profusely decorated along the windows and balustrades, with a wide oculus on the transition doors to the "avant-foyer".<ref name=SIPA/> The two floors corresponding to the first-order and royal boxes and, on the second floor, the second-order boxes.<ref name=SIPA/> The "avant-foyer" and "foyer" with its balconies allow circulation. On the last floors are the galleries and the amphitheater, forming a single group of places, but with different accesses (one at the level of the lower floors and another at the level of the highest).<ref name=SIPA/> On the first floor of the amphitheater is a storage room and a paint shop.<ref name=SIPA/> From the ground floor, the stairs lead to the galleries and amphitheatres, by two direct, exterior entrances, along the lateral facades.<ref name=SIPA/> The layout of the horseshoe-shaped hall holds 1328 seats, including the 6 large boxes, with one at the height of the first floor, intended as an alternative to a royal box.<ref name=SIPA/> Between the audience and the stage is the orchestra pit, with independent entrances from the side facades.<ref name=SIPA/> The stage and dressing rooms have side and rear entrances, that can be divided a metallic cloth.<ref name=SIPA/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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===Notes=== |
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*[http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/74813/ São João National Theatre in the Portuguese Institute of Architectonic Heritage] |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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===Sources=== |
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* {{citation |last=França |first=José Augusto |title=A Arte em Portugal no século XIX, vol. 2, Lisboa, 1990|language=Portuguese}} |
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* {{citation |title=Porto a Património Mundial |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1993 |language=Portuguese}} |
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* {{citation |last=Cardoso |first=António |contribution=O Teatro Nacional de S. João |title=Pedido de Apoio a Projecto Piloto de Conservação do Património Arquitectónico Europeu |year=1994 |language=Portuguese}} |
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* {{citation |last=QUARESMA, Maria Clementina de Carvalho |title=Inventário Artístico de Portugal. Cidade do Porto |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1995 |language=Portuguese}} |
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* {{citation |last=Sá |first=José Manuel Vieira |last2=Barroso |first2=Eduardo Paz |last3=Castro |first3=Paulo Ludgero |contribution=Teatro Nacional S. João |title=Boletim IPPAR |issue=1 |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1995 |language=Portuguese}} |
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* {{citation |last=CARDOSO, António |title=O Arquitecto José Marques da Silva e a Arquitectura no Norte do País na primeira metade do Séc. XX |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1997 |language=Portuguese}} |
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* {{citation |contribution=Porto 1901/2001 |title=Guia de Arquitectura Moderna |location=Porto, Portugal |language=Portuguese |year=2001}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.tnsj.pt/ Official website of the Theatre] |
*[http://www.tnsj.pt/ Official website of the Theatre] |
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{{coord|41|08|41|N|08|36|26.5|W|type:landmark_source:frwiki|display=title}} |
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{{Porto}} |
{{Porto}} |
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Revision as of 01:40, 14 April 2017
Template:Geobox The São João Theatre (Template:Lang-pt), commonly referred to as the São João National Theatre is a Portuguese theatre and concert venue in civil parish of Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória, in the municipality of Porto, in northern Portugal.
History
.jpg)
The primitive theatre was constructed at the end of the 18th century (1796) by Italian Vicente Mazzoneschi, and inaugurated on 13 May 1798, as the Teatro do Príncipe (Prince's Theatre).[1] It was named in honour of the prince-regent John VI, who later became King. The construction firm of Francisco de Almada Mendonça was charged with the project, and produced a four-story building with its principal facade decorated with the royal coat-of-arms under an inscription.[1]
But, on 11 April 1908, there was a fire, destroying the theatre interior, and new structure was built on its former site.[1] Before its destruction, the theatre had a markedly horseshoe-shaped plan. Its rounded ceiling, was painted by Joaquim Rafael and in 1856 it had received a new painting by Paulo Pizzi.[1] The building included four rows of booths, with the booth for the royal family located centrally on the second floor.[1] The large atrium, and the corridors large supported by access from large staircases.[1] Along the second floor there was a magnificent concert hall.[1] Generally, the theatre had excellent acoustics.[1] The stage wall was painted by Sequeira, but was later replaced in 1825 by paintings contracted to the Spaniard João Rodrigues, and later, Palucci. Until 1838, the theatre was lit by tallow candles, and later by similar candles lit by oil oil.[1]
The Civil Governor, on 11 April 1908, nominated a commission to promote the construction of a new theatre.[1]
A competition opened on October 8, presided by engineer Basílio Alberto de Sousa Pinto, Xavier Esteves, Casimiro Jerónimo de Faria, architect José Marques da Silva and the director of public works, Isidro de Campos, whom immediately denounced the conditions of the tender. A new competition was announced a week later, based on slight alterations to the original provisions.[1] Preliminary project proposals were accepted on 22 February 1910.[1] It was Marques da Silva who obtained the first prize and João de Moura Coutinho de Almeida d'Eça, the runner-up. Before the competition was held, the winning project was designated to Moura Coutinho, then director of the Direcção das Obras Públicas (Directorate of Public Works) in Braga.[1] The winning project was approved on 6 May, during a municipal sessions, and the work awarded to the company Soconstroi.[1]
Work began in 1911 under the direction of Porto architect José Marques da Silva. The inner, horseshoe-shaped concert hall included a ceiling painted by artists José de Brito and Acácio Lino, while the entrance hall was decorated with sculptural work by Henrique Araújo Moreira, Diogo de Macedo and José Fernandes de Sousa Caldas. On the main façade, of sober design, there are four reliefs representing four feelings: Kindness, Pain, Hatred and Love, created by Diogo de Macedo and Sousa Caldas. The building was complete in 1918. Its inauguration was held on 7 March 1920, with the presentation of Giuseppe Verdi's Aida.[1]
A projection area was constructed in 1932, and the theatre began to operate a cinema, then designated São João Cine.[1]
On 26 February 1982, the building was designated a Imóvel de Interesse Público (Property of Public Interest), under Decree 28/82 (Diário da República, Série 1, 47).[1]
In 1992, the theatre was acquired by the State from the family of Pinto da Costa.[1] At that time, the work on the installation of security features and public services were undertaken on site.[1] These were elaborated the following year with upgrades to dressing rooms, the stage, washrooms and remodelling of the electrical systems, that included installation of an electrical generator.[1]
Two years later (23 November) a proposal was issued by the DRPorto, to reclassify the Theatre as a Portuguese National Monument.[1] Following a period of remodelling, the theatre began to function regularly, under the designation the Teatro Nacional de São João (São João National Theatre).[1] In addition to general cleaning, the work included the consolidation and restoration of the exterior facades, recuperation of the decorative sculptures, treatment of surfaces in pigmented mortar and installation of new woods and iron.[1]
During the course of this transition, attempts to reclassify the institution continued; on 22 April 1996, a dispatch by the Vice-President of IPPAR, devolved to the DRPorto its proposal for reformulation.[1] On 12 September 2005, a new proposal was issued by that entity.[1] This new proposal was favourably accept by the deliberative council of IGESPAR (the successor to IPPAR), which also proposed that no special protection area should be needed, owing to the sites inclusion with the broader Historical Zone of Porto (an area already designated).[1] The process was ratified by the Secretário de Estado da Cultura (Secretary of State for Culture) on 14 October 2010.[1]
Architecture
.jpg)
The theatre is centrally-located in Porto, occupying a complete block, in front of the Praça da Batalha, between the Rua de Augusto Rosa (on its left) and the Travessa do Cativ (on its right), with the Rua do Cativo to the rear.[1]
The rectangular plan is covered in tile roofing, with its principal facade found on one of the two smaller sides of, framed laterally by rustic cornerstones, accentuated by capricious urns and garlands.[1] The "noble floor" with three arches on steeped pilasters, is inscribed under columns with broad shafts and Ionian capitals, while the doors of the lodges topped by interrupted pediments.[1]
Three loggias exist on extended balconies, over sills in the thickness of the walls, interconnected by a balcony running on 4 strong consoles in the same alignment as the ordering columns.[1] The arches have a shutter in support and transition to the entablature, which opens a frieze corresponding to a mezzanine of three openings and bas-reliefs alluding to the human passions ("Pain", "Hate", "Kindness" and "Love"), subtitled on the architrave.[1] Above, the denticulated cord ends at the frieze and the beginning of a strong cornice based on rebound corbels, which are dense, in a repetitive rhythm that runs throughout the building.[1] Crowning the facade is the gable, rising over a high platform, with rhythmic fenestration and formal, ornamented balustrades. The lateral facades are symmetrical.[1] On the ground floor, there are 3 arched doorways (topped by a running balcony and supported by 4 consoles), flanked by 2 small doors, with an interrupted curvilinear pediment.[1] Here, 3 doors (that are repeated in the two successive upper floors) with balconies and sills, are interspersed between four, embedded Ionic pilasters.[1] The set is flanked by strong masks, on intermediate floor, on which a window opens at the top, with small gap at the bottom.[1] Corresponding to the stage area, there are high, open slits; in this area, the body of the theatre rises above the entablature, accompanying the broken forms or gables, underlined by the frame and ornamental strip.[1]
Interior
On the ground floor, the vestibule occupies the whole width of the building, with access through the 3 doors of the main facade and lateral entranceways.[1] From this space you can access the corridors leading to the audience seating or, to the side, the stairs to the upper floors.[1] The avant-foyer and foyer are located on the first floor and occupy the entire width of the building, with two rooms for restaurant and smoking room.[1] With its double height, corresponding to the main hall and facade, the interior is profusely decorated along the windows and balustrades, with a wide oculus on the transition doors to the "avant-foyer".[1] The two floors corresponding to the first-order and royal boxes and, on the second floor, the second-order boxes.[1] The "avant-foyer" and "foyer" with its balconies allow circulation. On the last floors are the galleries and the amphitheater, forming a single group of places, but with different accesses (one at the level of the lower floors and another at the level of the highest).[1] On the first floor of the amphitheater is a storage room and a paint shop.[1] From the ground floor, the stairs lead to the galleries and amphitheatres, by two direct, exterior entrances, along the lateral facades.[1] The layout of the horseshoe-shaped hall holds 1328 seats, including the 6 large boxes, with one at the height of the first floor, intended as an alternative to a royal box.[1] Between the audience and the stage is the orchestra pit, with independent entrances from the side facades.[1] The stage and dressing rooms have side and rear entrances, that can be divided a metallic cloth.[1]
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Sereno, Isabel; Santos, João (1994), SIPA (ed.), Teatro de São João (IPA.00005524/PT011312140059) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 13 April 2017
Sources
- França, José Augusto, A Arte em Portugal no século XIX, vol. 2, Lisboa, 1990 (in Portuguese)
- Porto a Património Mundial (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal, 1993
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Cardoso, António (1994), "O Teatro Nacional de S. João", Pedido de Apoio a Projecto Piloto de Conservação do Património Arquitectónico Europeu (in Portuguese)
- QUARESMA, Maria Clementina de Carvalho (1995), Inventário Artístico de Portugal. Cidade do Porto (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Sá, José Manuel Vieira; Barroso, Eduardo Paz; Castro, Paulo Ludgero (1995), "Teatro Nacional S. João", Boletim IPPAR (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - CARDOSO, António (1997), O Arquitecto José Marques da Silva e a Arquitectura no Norte do País na primeira metade do Séc. XX (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Porto 1901/2001", Guia de Arquitectura Moderna (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal, 2001
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
