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{{Geobox|Building
{{Orphan|date=May 2016}}
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Castle of Lamego
| native_name = Castelo de Lamego
| other_name =
| category = [[Castle]]
| native_category = Castelo
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Castelo e Cisterna.jpg
| image_caption = A view of the castle on the hilltop of Lamego
| image_size = 235
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| official_name = Castelo de Lamego e cisterna/Castelo e cerca urbana de Lamego
| etymology = [[Lamego]]
| etymology_type = Named for
| nickname =
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| flag =
| symbol =
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| country = {{flag|Portugal}}
| state_type = Region
| state = [[Norte Region, Portugal]]
| region_type = Subregion
| region = [[Douro Subregion|Douro]]
| district = [[Viseu (district)|Viseu]]
| municipality = [[Lamego]]
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| location = [[Lamego (Almacave e Sé)]]
| elevation =
| prominence =
| lat_d = 41
| lat_m = 5
| lat_s = 57.0
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 7
| long_m = 48
| long_s = 31.5
| long_EW = W
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| length =
| length_orientation = Southwest-Northeast
| width =
| width_orientation = Northwest-Southeast
| height =
| depth =
| volume =
| area =
<!-- *** Features *** -->
| author_type = Architects
| author = Bernardo Cardoso
| author1 = Francisco de Moura
| style = [[Medieval architecture|Medieval]]
| material = Granite
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established =
| established_type = Origin
| established1 =
| established1_type = Initiated
| established2 =
| established2_type = Completed
| date =
| date_type =
| owner = [[Portugal|Portuguese Republic]]
<!-- *** Access *** -->
| public = Public
| visitation =
| visitation_date =
| access = ''Rua do Castelo''<ref>The Chapel of Salvador, located on the same street, was where tradition suggest that primitive Sé Cathedral of Lamego was located, during the bishopric of Idácio in 435, whose tomb was transfered to the Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Socorro</ref>, ''Rua da Cisterna''
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
| whs_name =
| whs_year =
| whs_number =
| whs_region =
| whs_criteria =
| iucn_category =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = [[IGESPAR|Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico]]
| free_type = Management
| free1 = [[Lamego|Câmara Municipal de Lamego]], ceded 21 October 1950
| free1_type = Operator
| free2 = '''National Monument'''<br>''Monumento Nacional''
| free2_type = Status
| free3 = Decree 16 June 1910, Diário do Governo, Série 1, 136 (23 June 1910); Decree 38/491, Diário do Governo, Série 1, 230 (6 November 1951)
| free3_type = Listing
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map =
| map_caption = Location of the castle within the municipality of [[Lamego]]
| map_background =
| map_locator =
| map_locator_x =
| map_locator_y =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| commons = Castelo de Lamego
| website =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Castle of Lamego''' ({{lang-pt|Castelo de Lamego}}) is a [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[castle]] located in the [[Freguesia (Portugal)|civil parish]] of [[Lamego (Almacave e Sé)]], in the [[Concelho|municipality]] of [[Lamego]], [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Viseu (district)|district of Viseu]].


==History==
{{Expand Portuguese|topic=struct|date=March 2016|Castelo de Lamego}}
[[File:ArchPitt-Lamego-1868.jpg|thumb|235px|left|A drawing of the Lamego skyline with the castle in the distance]]
The '''Castle of Lamego''' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: '''Castelo de Lamego''') is a medieval castle located in the city and county of [[Lamego]], Viseu district of [[Portugal]].
[[File:Castillo de Lamego (15307847650).jpg|thumb|235px|left|The keep tower and part of the walls]]
Early human settlement in the territory dates to the [[Bronze Age]], although it may have been inhabited the Lacão peoples beginning in the 5th century B.C. With the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, the Emperor [[Trajan]] ordered the reconstruction of the village, then called ''Lameca'', from simple villa to civitas. Between the 5th and 8th century, it was settled by the Visigoths, and became the seat of a bishopric (marked by the Basilica of São Pedro de Balsemão). In the 8th century, Moors occupied the territory.


Following the [[Reconquista|Christian Reconquista]] of the [[Iberian Peninsula|peninsula]], the village was conquered by Ordoño II of Galicia in 910. It was then reconquered in 997, by the forces of Almansor and caliphate of Cordoba, and would remain their possession until the 11th century. On 29 November 1057, the city was conquered from the Moors by [[Ferdinand I of León]].<ref name="SIPA">{{citation |url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5000 |title=Castelo de Lamego e cisterna/Castelo e cerca urbana de Lamego (IPA.00005000/PT011805010003) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=João |last=Carvalho |first2=Marisa |last2=Costa |first3=Ana |last3=Gonçalo |year=2005 |accessdate=5 October 2016}}</ref> Sometime in the 12 century, the tower keep and dungeons were constructed, followed in the 13th century by the fortification walls.<ref name=SIPA/> The territory and its castle were given away in the dowry during the marriage of Henry of Burgundy and Teresa of Leon, and integrated into the lands of Portucalense (the County of Portugal). With its independance, they were donated to the Mendes (the Masters of Bragança) who initiated a series of construction projects in the 12th century, such as the keep tower, dungeons, the walls and cistern erected by Moors in the 11th century.
Castle Mountain originally, currently its two wall sections, internal and external, are part of the urban fabric. Ex-libris of the city from the top of its walls can be sighted the waters of the rivers Coura, Balsemão and Varosa.


During the reign of King D. [[Sancho II of Portugal|Sancho II]] (1223–1248), Abril Peres de Lumiares was alcalde was until 1245. It is believed that after the 1258 ''Inquirições'' (''Inquiries''), during the reign of King D. [[Afonso III of Portugal|Afonso III]] (1248-1279), that the elaborate walls were erected.
== History ==


Between the 14th and 15th centuries the town expanded, owing to manufacture of textiles and a regally-mandated annual regional fair. During this period the alcaldes of the castle were the Coutinhos, that included Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho, then also alcalde of the [[Castle of Transcoso]], who during the [[1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum|1383-1385 crisis]], supported the Portuguese pretender, the [[Master of Aviz]]. At the end of this period, D. Francisco Coutinho, 4th [[Count of Marialva]] ordered the construction a window in the middle of the keep tower.
=== Early History ===
The early human occupation of Lamego site dates back to a prehistoric castle, specifically the [[Bronze Age]] although some authors consider that here would have inhabited the people of Lacão (c. Fifth century BC). The region was later conquered by the [[Hispania|Romans]].


Following a brief economic recession in the 16th century, the wine industry brought a new prosperity to the region, resulting the expansion of estates in Lamego. The niche, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Graça, was likely constructed in 1642, by order of António de Castro.<ref name=SIPA/> A contract to execute the grates of the prison, annexed to the tower, was executed by the locksmith António Luís for 250$000 [[Portuguese real|Portuguese reis]] on 25 August 1696.<ref name=SIPA/>
When the Roman invaded of the Iberian Peninsula, the Emperor [[Trajan]] had ordered the reconstruction of the village, then called Lameca, from simple villa the civitas by the fourth century, during which Christianity ever known.


In 1730, from descriptions, the ''Porta da Vila'' (''Villa Gate'') included an arch and two towers, where a bell served as clock.<ref name=SIPA/> At that time, the former-''Casa da Câmara'' (''municipal residence'') was located onsite within an old bastion and awning with stone, sculpted columns and tower, as well as a second bastion, designated ''Castelinho''.<ref name=SIPA/> A similar reference appeared in 1758 to the oratory of Nossa Senhora da Graça, within the internal section of the arch of the ''Porta do Sol'' (''Sun Gate'').<ref name=SIPA/>
Between the V century and the eighth century was the domain of the Visigoths, when the town was the seat of a bishopric, which is witness to the Basilica of Saint Peter of Balsemão, built between the sixth and seventh centuries, in Visigoth style. From the eighth century the village met the Muslim domain.


A bell was executed for the belfry in 1789, by Mateus Gomes for the municipal council.<ref name=SIPA/> A new bell was later executed in 1875 with Naciso António from Braga.<ref name=SIPA/>
=== Medieval Era ===
At the time of the [[Reconquista|Christian Reconquest]] of the [[Iberian Peninsula|peninsula]], the village was initially taken by Ordoño II of Galicia (910). Later it would be reconquered (997) by the forces of Almansor, caliph of Cordoba, which would keep until the eleventh century. It was retaken permanently by Fernando Magno Muslims (29 November 1057), which demonstrates the value of his staff at the time: And pero that the city was very strong, foy surrounded around. And many mills and wood Castellos post and tã ryjo the cõbateo that took per force. (Spain General Chronicle, 1344).


On 6 March 1789, the plasterers Bernardo Cardoso and Francisco de Moura was contracted to work on the castle tower.<ref name=SIPA/>
The areas of the town and its castle were given as dowry to Teresa Lion when her marriage to Henry of Burgundy, became part of the domains of Portucalense. With the independence of Portugal, they were donated to Mendes, Braganca masters. In constructive campaign that developed in the second half of the twelfth century, to which we owe the keep and the fortress, the walls were kept, devoid of battlements, and the cistern, built by the Muslims in the eleventh century.


In 1824, there was an authorization to build houses on the fortifications, but, ten years later, a businessman requested permission to demolish one of the towers, that was located in his residence.<ref name=SIPA/>
In the reign of King [[Sancho II of Portugal|Sancho II]] (1223–1248), April Peres Lumiares was mayor of the castle until 1245. It is believed that from the inquiries of 1258, under the reign of King Afonso III (1248–1279), has taken place the erection of the fence of the village.


A new bell was executed in 1914, by Adriano Loureiro, by order of the municipality.<ref name=SIPA/>
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the town prospered thanks to the manufacture of fabrics, with an annual fair of regional expression. In this period were the mayors castle Coutinhos, among which are notable Goncalo Vasques Coutinho, also mayor of Castle Trancoso, that during the 1383-1385 crisis, sided by the Master of Avis. At the end of the period, D. Francisco Coutinho, 4th Earl of Marialva, did tear in the middle of the tower, a seat window.

In 1920, the clock located in the Villa Gate was auctioned in the keep tower, and substituted.<ref name=SIPA/>

Between 1940 and 1941 the remaining bells were removed from the castle and installed in the Church of Santa Maria de Almacave.<ref name=SIPA/>

A risk assessment for the property was elaborated in October 2005 by the DGEMN.<ref name=SIPA/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Lamego - Castelo de Lamego.jpg|thumb|170px|An oblique view of the keep tower]]
The castle was installed on a hilltop {{convert|543|m|ft}} above sea level, on rocky, granite and schist outcroppings.<ref name=SIPA/> It includes two lines of walls (interior or exterior) that fall within the urban context of the castle, with views of the Coura, Balsemão and Varosa Rivers.<ref name=SIPA/>

An irregular plan, the castle includes a rectangular keep tower oriented to the west, with doorway access to the upper floors {{convert|3|m|ft}} above ground.<ref name=SIPA/> The structure is marked by various small crevices on various elevations, along with a door at the ground floor. Crenellated, the three floors are constructed of wood, and interconnected by wood staircases.<ref name=SIPA/> Compounding the citadel, is an inner face that follows the walled perimeter, hexagonal and irregular, with battlement and broken arch gateway, substantially oriented to the east.<ref name=SIPA/>

The second line of walls, are longer and encompasses the citadel, extending to the south to the lower elevations.<ref name=SIPA/> To the east, between many segments of the walls of the ''Porta da Vila'' or ''Porta dos Figos'' are other lateral towers, named the ''Porta de Aguião'', ''Porta do Norte'' and ''Porta dos Fogos''.<ref name=SIPA/> There is also a recessed arched doorway, over which was constructed a wood oratory. To the left, is a staircase that access the balcony where the bell was situated and, at the top, the tower of the old municipal hall.<ref name=SIPA/> To the extreme south, is the ''Porta do Sol'', along a wall of heft proportions, composed of broken arch with epigraphic niche, and with access to two important accesses in the wall portion of the urban area.<ref name=SIPA/>

Along the ''Rua da Cisterna'' is a cistern of sculpted stone with inscription and a vaulted ceiling with four arches supporting lateral pillars.<ref name=SIPA/> There is a small opening for illumination and an access door with interior staircase.<ref name=SIPA/>

Nearby is the ''Praça de Armas'' (''[[Place-of-arms]]''), an area of {{convert|90|m|ft}}, forming an irregular, hexagonal polygon.<ref name=SIPA/>

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Sources===
* {{citation |editor=Ministério das Obras Públicas |title=Relatório da Actividade do Ministério no ano de 1956 |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1957 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Peres |first=Damião |title=A Gloriosa História dos mais Belos Castelos de Portugal |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1969 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Azevedo |first=Correia de |title=Arte Monumental Portuguesa |volume=IV |location=Porto, Portugal |year=1975 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Costa |first=M. Gonçalves da |title=História do Bispado e Cidade de Lamego |volume=I |location=Lamego, Portugal |year=1977 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |title=Guia de Portugal |volume=V-II |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1988 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Laranjo |first=F.J. Cordeiro |title=Cidade de Lamego - Castelo |location=Lamego, Portugal |year=1994 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Alves |first=Alexandre |title=Artistas e Artífices nas Dioceses de Lamego e Viseu |volume=I/II |location=Viseu, Portugal |year=2001 |language=Portuguese}}

[[Category:Castles in Portugal]]
[[Category:National monuments in Portugal|Castle Lamego]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lamego]]



=== Medieval Era ===


After a brief period of economic recession during the sixteenth century, the wine trade brought a new prosperity to the region in the seventeenth century, which is noticeable by the construction of large number of solar in Lamego. During this period, the Village Gate was formed by an arc with two towers, where he was a bell that served clock. The Town Hall was then a former stronghold alpendrado with carved stone columns and a tower. A second stronghold was then referred to as Little Castle (1730), and was promoted to clean the old cistern (1749), later closed for safety reasons (1758).


=== Twentieth century to the present day ===
=== Twentieth century to the present day ===

Revision as of 22:18, 5 October 2016

Template:Geobox The Castle of Lamego (Template:Lang-pt) is a medieval castle located in the civil parish of Lamego (Almacave e Sé), in the municipality of Lamego, Portuguese district of Viseu.

History

A drawing of the Lamego skyline with the castle in the distance
The keep tower and part of the walls

Early human settlement in the territory dates to the Bronze Age, although it may have been inhabited the Lacão peoples beginning in the 5th century B.C. With the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, the Emperor Trajan ordered the reconstruction of the village, then called Lameca, from simple villa to civitas. Between the 5th and 8th century, it was settled by the Visigoths, and became the seat of a bishopric (marked by the Basilica of São Pedro de Balsemão). In the 8th century, Moors occupied the territory.

Following the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula, the village was conquered by Ordoño II of Galicia in 910. It was then reconquered in 997, by the forces of Almansor and caliphate of Cordoba, and would remain their possession until the 11th century. On 29 November 1057, the city was conquered from the Moors by Ferdinand I of León.[1] Sometime in the 12 century, the tower keep and dungeons were constructed, followed in the 13th century by the fortification walls.[1] The territory and its castle were given away in the dowry during the marriage of Henry of Burgundy and Teresa of Leon, and integrated into the lands of Portucalense (the County of Portugal). With its independance, they were donated to the Mendes (the Masters of Bragança) who initiated a series of construction projects in the 12th century, such as the keep tower, dungeons, the walls and cistern erected by Moors in the 11th century.

During the reign of King D. Sancho II (1223–1248), Abril Peres de Lumiares was alcalde was until 1245. It is believed that after the 1258 Inquirições (Inquiries), during the reign of King D. Afonso III (1248-1279), that the elaborate walls were erected.

Between the 14th and 15th centuries the town expanded, owing to manufacture of textiles and a regally-mandated annual regional fair. During this period the alcaldes of the castle were the Coutinhos, that included Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho, then also alcalde of the Castle of Transcoso, who during the 1383-1385 crisis, supported the Portuguese pretender, the Master of Aviz. At the end of this period, D. Francisco Coutinho, 4th Count of Marialva ordered the construction a window in the middle of the keep tower.

Following a brief economic recession in the 16th century, the wine industry brought a new prosperity to the region, resulting the expansion of estates in Lamego. The niche, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Graça, was likely constructed in 1642, by order of António de Castro.[1] A contract to execute the grates of the prison, annexed to the tower, was executed by the locksmith António Luís for 250$000 Portuguese reis on 25 August 1696.[1]

In 1730, from descriptions, the Porta da Vila (Villa Gate) included an arch and two towers, where a bell served as clock.[1] At that time, the former-Casa da Câmara (municipal residence) was located onsite within an old bastion and awning with stone, sculpted columns and tower, as well as a second bastion, designated Castelinho.[1] A similar reference appeared in 1758 to the oratory of Nossa Senhora da Graça, within the internal section of the arch of the Porta do Sol (Sun Gate).[1]

A bell was executed for the belfry in 1789, by Mateus Gomes for the municipal council.[1] A new bell was later executed in 1875 with Naciso António from Braga.[1]

On 6 March 1789, the plasterers Bernardo Cardoso and Francisco de Moura was contracted to work on the castle tower.[1]

In 1824, there was an authorization to build houses on the fortifications, but, ten years later, a businessman requested permission to demolish one of the towers, that was located in his residence.[1]

A new bell was executed in 1914, by Adriano Loureiro, by order of the municipality.[1]

In 1920, the clock located in the Villa Gate was auctioned in the keep tower, and substituted.[1]

Between 1940 and 1941 the remaining bells were removed from the castle and installed in the Church of Santa Maria de Almacave.[1]

A risk assessment for the property was elaborated in October 2005 by the DGEMN.[1]

Architecture

An oblique view of the keep tower

The castle was installed on a hilltop 543 metres (1,781 ft) above sea level, on rocky, granite and schist outcroppings.[1] It includes two lines of walls (interior or exterior) that fall within the urban context of the castle, with views of the Coura, Balsemão and Varosa Rivers.[1]

An irregular plan, the castle includes a rectangular keep tower oriented to the west, with doorway access to the upper floors 3 metres (9.8 ft) above ground.[1] The structure is marked by various small crevices on various elevations, along with a door at the ground floor. Crenellated, the three floors are constructed of wood, and interconnected by wood staircases.[1] Compounding the citadel, is an inner face that follows the walled perimeter, hexagonal and irregular, with battlement and broken arch gateway, substantially oriented to the east.[1]

The second line of walls, are longer and encompasses the citadel, extending to the south to the lower elevations.[1] To the east, between many segments of the walls of the Porta da Vila or Porta dos Figos are other lateral towers, named the Porta de Aguião, Porta do Norte and Porta dos Fogos.[1] There is also a recessed arched doorway, over which was constructed a wood oratory. To the left, is a staircase that access the balcony where the bell was situated and, at the top, the tower of the old municipal hall.[1] To the extreme south, is the Porta do Sol, along a wall of heft proportions, composed of broken arch with epigraphic niche, and with access to two important accesses in the wall portion of the urban area.[1]

Along the Rua da Cisterna is a cistern of sculpted stone with inscription and a vaulted ceiling with four arches supporting lateral pillars.[1] There is a small opening for illumination and an access door with interior staircase.[1]

Nearby is the Praça de Armas (Place-of-arms), an area of 90 metres (300 ft), forming an irregular, hexagonal polygon.[1]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Carvalho, João; Costa, Marisa; Gonçalo, Ana (2005), SIPA (ed.), Castelo de Lamego e cisterna/Castelo e cerca urbana de Lamego (IPA.00005000/PT011805010003) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 5 October 2016

Sources

  • Ministério das Obras Públicas, ed. (1957), Relatório da Actividade do Ministério no ano de 1956 (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Peres, Damião (1969), A Gloriosa História dos mais Belos Castelos de Portugal (in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Azevedo, Correia de (1975), Arte Monumental Portuguesa (in Portuguese), vol. IV, Porto, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Costa, M. Gonçalves da (1977), História do Bispado e Cidade de Lamego (in Portuguese), vol. I, Lamego, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Guia de Portugal (in Portuguese), vol. V–II, Lisbon, Portugal, 1988{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Laranjo, F.J. Cordeiro (1994), Cidade de Lamego - Castelo (in Portuguese), Lamego, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Alves, Alexandre (2001), Artistas e Artífices nas Dioceses de Lamego e Viseu (in Portuguese), vol. I/II, Viseu, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


Medieval Era

Twentieth century to the present day

It is classified as a National Monument by decree published on June 23, 1910.

The intervention of the government in the monument by the National Buildings and Monuments Directorate General (DGEMN) began a first stage from 1940 to 1944. Later, in 1949, the City Council has made repairs in access. New intervention campaigns would follow, in charge of DGEMN, between 1955 and 1991, releasing the monument addorsed buildings, consolidating, restoring or rebuilding structures in several operations that much appreciated the monument.

In 1976 the castle hosted the headquarters of the Group Nº 49 of the Boy Scouts of Portugal and thanks to the enthusiasm and effort of the Boy Scouts youth, with the support of the local authority, Plaza Castle Arms was clean, carefully arranged and turned into a pleasant place, worthy of be visited. On May 26, 1977 was signed a protocol between the Municipality of Lamego and the Scout Association of Portugal, which confirmed that the Castle acolhesse the Group headquarters No. 49, getting over of cleaning, conservation and the his guard. The Lamego Castle is now one of Lamego city monuments most sought by the public, and received, since the visit of thousands of domestic and foreign tourists.

References


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