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Roman Dam of Belas: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 38°47′36″N 9°14′40″W / 38.793225°N 9.244503°W / 38.793225; -9.244503
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{{Geobox|Building
{{coord|38.793225|N|9.244503|W|display=title}}
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
[[File:Barragem romana Belas1.JPG|thumb|The Roman dam of Belas]]
| name = Roman Dam of Belas
| native_name = Barragem Romana de Belas
| other_name =
| category = Dam
| native_category = Barragem
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Barragem romana Belas1.JPG
| image_caption = Part of the Roman dam complex, showing the pumping houses
| image_size = 235
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| official_name = Barragem Romana de Belas
| etymology =
| etymology_type = Named for
| nickname =
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| flag =
| symbol =
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| country = {{flag|Portugal}}
| state_type = Region
| state = [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]]
| region_type = Subregion
| region = [[Douro Subregion|Douro]]
| district = [[Braga (district)|Braga]]
| municipality = [[Braga Municipality]]
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| location = [[Queluz e Belas]]
| elevation =
| prominence =
| lat_d =
| lat_m =
| lat_s =
| lat_NS = N
| long_d =
| long_m =
| long_s =
| long_EW = W
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| length =
| length_orientation = Northwest-Southeast
| width =
| width_orientation = Southwest-Northeast
| height =
| depth =
| volume =
| area =
<!-- *** Features *** -->
| author_type = Architects
| author =
| style = [[Roman architecture|Roman]]
| material = Opus incertum
| material1 = Opus quadratum
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established =
| established_type = Origin
| established1 =
| established1_type = Initiated
| established2 =
| established2_type = Completion
| date =
| date_type =
| owner = Portuguese Republic
<!-- *** Access *** -->
| public = Public
| visitation =
| visitation_date =
| access = E.N. 250, at the {{convert|16423}} marker (Caneças to Queluz ou Belas)
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
| whs_name =
| whs_year =
| whs_number =
| whs_region =
| whs_criteria =
| iucn_category =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = [[IGESPAR|Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico]]
| free_type = Management
| free1 = ''Companhia das Águas de Lisboa''
| free1_type = Operator
| free2 =
| free2_type =
| free3 =
| free3_type =
| free4 =
| free4_type =
| free5 = '''Property of Public Interest'''
| free5_type = Status
| free6 = Decree 735/74, DG, Série 1, 297 (21 December 1974)
| free6_type = Listing
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map =
| map_caption = Location of the dam in the municipality of [[Sintra]]
| map_background =
| map_locator =
| map_locator_x =
| map_locator_y =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| commons =
| website =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Roman Dam of Belas''' ({{lang-pt|Barragem Romana de Belas}}) is a 3rd century Roman barrier constructed to serve the city of [[Olisipo]], located in [[Freguesia (Portugal)|civil parish]] of [[Queluz e Belas]], [[Concelho|municipality]] of [[Sintra ]] (in the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Lisbon (district)|district of Lisbon]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/lisboa/index.html |title=Lisboa (Portugal) |publisher=Romanaqueducts.info |date=2005-03-25 |accessdate=2011-10-21}}</ref>


The '''Roman dam of Belas''' (3rd century AD) was believed to have served the city of [[Olisipo]] or a local Roman villa ([[Roman villa of Quinta da Bolacha]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/lisboa/index.html |title=Lisboa (Portugal) |publisher=Romanaqueducts.info |date=2005-03-25 |accessdate=2011-10-21}}</ref>


Some 10&nbsp;km from the city center, the aqueduct starts with a Roman-built brick dam in the [[Carenque]] river.


==History==
The dam is still visible today (length of 15,5m, 7 m wide and 8 m high). The capacity of the dam was 125.000 m3.
The dam was constructed in the 3rd century, although it is unclear when it was abandoned.<ref name="SIPA">{{citation |url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=6416 |title=Barragem Romana de Belas (IPA.00006416/PT031111040030) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico |editor=SIPA |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |first=Paula |last=Noé |year=1991 |accessdate=6 March 2016}}</ref>
Its channel can be followed over some 1,300m but then its course is lost due to the more modern [[Águas Livres Aqueduct]] that was built over the old structures.


In 1571, Francisco de Olanda first identified the dam and fountains constructed in Lisbon (in ''Da Fábrica que falece a citada de Lisboa'').<ref name=SIPA/> It was part of a plan to reuse the ancient structures in order to bring water to the city. In a regal letter (dated 1573) King [[Sebastian of Portugal|Sebastian]] recommended that they conclude whatever steps were necessary to bring water to Lisbon, but little was concluded.<ref name=SIPA/>


In 1619, King [[Philip II of Portugal|Philip III of Spain]] visited the old dam with the intention of promoting its reconstruction, under the direction of Leonardo Turriano.<ref name=SIPA/> Within the year there was a letter from Madrid with report and four projects established to bring water to Lisbon, with the best being the Roman aqueduct.<ref name=SIPA/> Taxes were established in order to cost the public works. But, in 1623, a letter determined that the taxes would be used to assist overseas Indian territories.<ref name=SIPA/>


In 1728, construction began on a new aqueduct that devastated part of the Roman in the area of "crags" because the dam was seen as unnecessary, given the abundance of possible sources of capture in the basin.<ref name=SIPA/> The smaller buildings erected there, the ''ventilators'' are still maintained by the ''Companhia das Águas de Lisboa''.<ref name=SIPA/>


The construction of the Caneças-Lisbon roadway resulted in the destruction and burial of another wall of the dam.<ref name=SIPA/>


==Architecture==
The remnants of the dam are located in a rural place, implanted alongside and below the roadway, along the Carenque River, partially covered by forest and medium vegetation, situated {{convert|10|km|ft}} from the city centre.<ref name=SIPA/>


The ancient ruins of the dam are survived by a central segment some {{convert|15.5|m|ft}} long, {{convert|8|m|ft}} tall and {{convert|7|m|ft}} wide, and reinforced by three buttresses.<ref name=SIPA/>


It extends in the local occupied by roadway and the other end to the lateral of the valley, where a great part of the wall was destroyed.<ref name=SIPA/> The reservoir created by the dam warehoused approximately {{convert|125|m3|ft3}} of water.<ref name=SIPA/> The channel from the structure extends {{convert|1300|m|ft}} and is visible as it still intersects the more modern [[Águas Livres Aqueduct]] that was built over the old structures.<ref name=SIPA/>




== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of Roman dams]]
* [[List of Roman dams]]


== References ==
{{Reflist}}



== Further reading ==

* D. Fernando de Almeida: "Sobre a barragem romana de Olisipo e seu aqueducto", ''O Arqueólogo Português'', Vol. 3 (1969), pp.&nbsp;179–189
{{coord|38.793225|N|9.244503|W|display=title}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Almeida |first=D. Fernando de |contribution=Sobre a barragem romana de "Olisipo" e seu aqueduto |title=O Arqueólogo Português |edition=Série III |volume=3 |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1969 |pages=179-190 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Alarcão |first=Jorge |title=Portugal Romano |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1974 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |editor=IPPC |title=Roteiros da Arqueologia Portuguesa |volume=1 |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1986 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Quintela |first=António de Carvalho |last2=Cardoso |first=João Luís |last3=Mascaranhas |first3=José Manuel |title=Aproveitamentos Hidráulicos Romanos a Sul do Tejo |location=Lisbon, Porutgal |year=1987 |language=Portuguese}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 13:07, 6 March 2016

Template:Geobox The Roman Dam of Belas (Template:Lang-pt) is a 3rd century Roman barrier constructed to serve the city of Olisipo, located in civil parish of Queluz e Belas, municipality of Sintra (in the Portuguese district of Lisbon).[1]


History

The dam was constructed in the 3rd century, although it is unclear when it was abandoned.[2]


In 1571, Francisco de Olanda first identified the dam and fountains constructed in Lisbon (in Da Fábrica que falece a citada de Lisboa).[2] It was part of a plan to reuse the ancient structures in order to bring water to the city. In a regal letter (dated 1573) King Sebastian recommended that they conclude whatever steps were necessary to bring water to Lisbon, but little was concluded.[2]


In 1619, King Philip III of Spain visited the old dam with the intention of promoting its reconstruction, under the direction of Leonardo Turriano.[2] Within the year there was a letter from Madrid with report and four projects established to bring water to Lisbon, with the best being the Roman aqueduct.[2] Taxes were established in order to cost the public works. But, in 1623, a letter determined that the taxes would be used to assist overseas Indian territories.[2]


In 1728, construction began on a new aqueduct that devastated part of the Roman in the area of "crags" because the dam was seen as unnecessary, given the abundance of possible sources of capture in the basin.[2] The smaller buildings erected there, the ventilators are still maintained by the Companhia das Águas de Lisboa.[2]


The construction of the Caneças-Lisbon roadway resulted in the destruction and burial of another wall of the dam.[2]


Architecture

The remnants of the dam are located in a rural place, implanted alongside and below the roadway, along the Carenque River, partially covered by forest and medium vegetation, situated 10 kilometres (33,000 ft) from the city centre.[2]


The ancient ruins of the dam are survived by a central segment some 15.5 metres (51 ft) long, 8 metres (26 ft) tall and 7 metres (23 ft) wide, and reinforced by three buttresses.[2]


It extends in the local occupied by roadway and the other end to the lateral of the valley, where a great part of the wall was destroyed.[2] The reservoir created by the dam warehoused approximately 125 cubic metres (4,400 cu ft) of water.[2] The channel from the structure extends 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) and is visible as it still intersects the more modern Águas Livres Aqueduct that was built over the old structures.[2]


See also



38°47′36″N 9°14′40″W / 38.793225°N 9.244503°W / 38.793225; -9.244503

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Lisboa (Portugal)". Romanaqueducts.info. 2005-03-25. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Noé, Paula (1991), SIPA (ed.), Barragem Romana de Belas (IPA.00006416/PT031111040030) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 6 March 2016

Sources

  • Almeida, D. Fernando de (1969), "Sobre a barragem romana de "Olisipo" e seu aqueduto", O Arqueólogo Português (in Portuguese), vol. 3 (Série III ed.), Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 179–190{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Alarcão, Jorge (1974), Portugal Romano (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • IPPC, ed. (1986), Roteiros da Arqueologia Portuguesa (in Portuguese), vol. 1, Lisbon, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Quintela, João Luís; Cardoso; Mascaranhas, José Manuel (1987), Aproveitamentos Hidráulicos Romanos a Sul do Tejo (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Porutgal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)


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