Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association: Difference between revisions
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|foundation =1949 |
|foundation =1949 |
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|national = |
|national = [[Pro-Beijing camp]] |
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|country= Hong Kong |
|country= Hong Kong |
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|ideology =[[Chinese nationalism| |
|ideology =[[Chinese nationalism|Nationalism]] |
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|position = |
|position =[[Centre-right]] |
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|colours =[[Red]] |
|colours ={{colour box|{{Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association/meta/color}}}} [[Red]] |
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|website = |
|website = {{url|http://www.hkcra.com}} |
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The '''Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association''' ({{zh|t=香港華人革新協會}}) is a [[pro-Beijing]] [[political organisation]] established in 1949 in Hong Kong. It was one of the three pillars of the pro-Beijing leftist camp in the colonial period (the others two being the [[Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions]] and [[Chinese General Chamber of Commerce]].<ref name="Irwin"/> |
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==History== |
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'''Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association''' ({{zh|t=香港華人革新協會}}) was a small [[political group]] in Hong Kong. It was founded by barrister [[Mok Ying-kwai]] and [[Percy Chen]], university lecturer [[Chan Kwan-po]] and doctor [[Wu Tat-biu]] in 1949, aiming at participating in the then Governor [[Mark Aitchison Young]]'s plan of constitutional reform. After the Young's plan was rejected by the next Governor [[Alexander Grantham]], the group continued to fight for the rights of the Hong Kong residents. |
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It was first founded by a group of Chinese professionals and intellectuals in response to the then [[Governor of Hong Kong|Governor]] [[Mark Aitchison Young]]'s plan of constitutional reform. The founding members included barristers Mok Ying-kwai and [[Percy Chen]], Chan Kwan-po, senior lecturer in the Department of Chiense of the [[University of Hong Kong]], Wong San-yin, formerly a leactuer in pharmacology in the University of Hong Kong and and doctor Wu Tat-biu. Wong San-yin was elected the association's founding chairman.<ref name="watershed"/> |
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The association was seen as a counterblast to the [[Reform Club of Hong Kong]], which was founded in around the same time during the debate on the Young Plan]] and composed of mostly expatriate elite in Hong Kong. The colonial government had kept a watchful eye on the association. Young's successor, [[Alexander Grantham]] marked that the association "naturally attracted several political adventurers, notably Moscow-trained Percy Chen." Grantham also predicted that the Communists might try to get control of the association in the future.<ref name="watershed">{{cite book|title=Hong Kong's Watershed: |
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==Background== |
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Alexander Grantham made a note on the background of the Chinese Reform Association "was formed as a counterblast to the [[Reform Club of Hong Kong|Reform Club]] (which composed of mostly expatriate elite in Hong Kong). This association naturally attracted several political adventurers, notably Moscow-trained Percy Chen. It is rumored that the [[Kuomintang|KMT]] group of merchants who made a determined effort last year to gain control of the [[Chinese General Chamber of Commerce]] has now decided to join the Reform Association in a body, but it is probably the more likely the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] may try to get control in the future.<ref>{{cite book|title=Hong Kong's Watershed: |
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The association demanded that all unofficial members of the proposed municipal council should be elected and the appointment system should be dropped.<ref name="watershed"/> In a meeting on 13 July 1949 attended by about 400 delegates from 142 registered Chinese civic organisations, the association and the [[Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong]] and also two Kowloon-based commercial bodies culminated signatures of 142 organisations which presented membership of 141,800 people from the business, industry, labour and education sectors in the Chinese community.<ref>{{cite book|page=98|title=Keeping Democracy at Bay: Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform|first=Suzanne|last=Pepper|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2008|ref=harv}}</ref> |
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The association was one of the few organisations to hoist five-star flags on the National Day of the People's Republic of China. |
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During 1950–1951 the association had moved leftward towards the newly established [[People's Republic of China|Communist government]] in Beijing with Mok Ying-kwai and Percy Chen emerging as its strongest leaders. In September 1952, the Chairman of the association Mok Ying-kawi was deported. It was said that Mok's deportation was because of his record as a local champion of communist causes.{{sfn|Pepper|2008|p=130}} After the constitutional reform was turned down by the London and Hong Kong governments in 1952, Percy Chen contested for the resumed two elected seats in the [[Hong Kong municipal election, 1952|1952 Urban Council election]] but failed to win a seat. |
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The association evolved into a pressure group following the abandonment of the Young Plan, such as opposed to the increased of electricity tariff.<ref name="watershed"/> It was one of the three pillars of the pro-Beijing leftist segment, the other two being the [[Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions]] and [[Chinese General Chamber of Commerce]].<ref name="Irwin">{{cite book|page=69|title=The Policy Analyst's Handbook: Rational Problem Solving in a Political World|first=Lewis G.|last=Irwin|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2003}}</ref> It was one of the few organisations to hoist five-star flags on the [[National Day of the People's Republic of China]]. Mok Ying-kwai was also chairman of the first Preparatory Committee for the National Day Celebration. The association and the Federation of Trade Unions were responsible for disturbing the relief and the Communist government sent medicine and rice to Hong Kong during the natural disaster in 1950s.<ref name="watershed"/> |
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n July 1994, the association co-founded the pro-Beijing business oriented [[Hong Kong Progressive Alliance]] (HKPA) in the direction of the [[New China News Agency]] in preparation for the [[Hong Kong legislative election, 1995|1995 Legislative Council Election]].<ref>{{cite book|page=305|title=Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong|first=Christine|last=Loh|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|year=2010}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 16:59, 30 January 2014
Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association 香港華人革新協會 | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1949 |
| Ideology | Nationalism |
| Political position | Centre-right |
| National affiliation | Pro-Beijing camp |
| Colours | Red |
| Website | |
| www | |
The Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association (Chinese: 香港華人革新協會) is a pro-Beijing political organisation established in 1949 in Hong Kong. It was one of the three pillars of the pro-Beijing leftist camp in the colonial period (the others two being the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions and Chinese General Chamber of Commerce.[1]
History
It was first founded by a group of Chinese professionals and intellectuals in response to the then Governor Mark Aitchison Young's plan of constitutional reform. The founding members included barristers Mok Ying-kwai and Percy Chen, Chan Kwan-po, senior lecturer in the Department of Chiense of the University of Hong Kong, Wong San-yin, formerly a leactuer in pharmacology in the University of Hong Kong and and doctor Wu Tat-biu. Wong San-yin was elected the association's founding chairman.[2]
The association was seen as a counterblast to the Reform Club of Hong Kong, which was founded in around the same time during the debate on the Young Plan]] and composed of mostly expatriate elite in Hong Kong. The colonial government had kept a watchful eye on the association. Young's successor, Alexander Grantham marked that the association "naturally attracted several political adventurers, notably Moscow-trained Percy Chen." Grantham also predicted that the Communists might try to get control of the association in the future.[2]
The association demanded that all unofficial members of the proposed municipal council should be elected and the appointment system should be dropped.[2] In a meeting on 13 July 1949 attended by about 400 delegates from 142 registered Chinese civic organisations, the association and the Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong and also two Kowloon-based commercial bodies culminated signatures of 142 organisations which presented membership of 141,800 people from the business, industry, labour and education sectors in the Chinese community.[3]
During 1950–1951 the association had moved leftward towards the newly established Communist government in Beijing with Mok Ying-kwai and Percy Chen emerging as its strongest leaders. In September 1952, the Chairman of the association Mok Ying-kawi was deported. It was said that Mok's deportation was because of his record as a local champion of communist causes.[4] After the constitutional reform was turned down by the London and Hong Kong governments in 1952, Percy Chen contested for the resumed two elected seats in the 1952 Urban Council election but failed to win a seat.
The association evolved into a pressure group following the abandonment of the Young Plan, such as opposed to the increased of electricity tariff.[2] It was one of the three pillars of the pro-Beijing leftist segment, the other two being the Hong Kong and Kowloon Federation of Trade Unions and Chinese General Chamber of Commerce.[1] It was one of the few organisations to hoist five-star flags on the National Day of the People's Republic of China. Mok Ying-kwai was also chairman of the first Preparatory Committee for the National Day Celebration. The association and the Federation of Trade Unions were responsible for disturbing the relief and the Communist government sent medicine and rice to Hong Kong during the natural disaster in 1950s.[2]
n July 1994, the association co-founded the pro-Beijing business oriented Hong Kong Progressive Alliance (HKPA) in the direction of the New China News Agency in preparation for the 1995 Legislative Council Election.[5]
References
- ^ a b Irwin, Lewis G. (2003). The Policy Analyst's Handbook: Rational Problem Solving in a Political World. M.E. Sharpe. p. 69.
- ^ a b c d e Cheung, Gary Ka-wai (2009). Hong Kong's Watershed: The 1967 Riots. Hong Kong University Press. p. 212.
{{cite book}}: line feed character in|title=at position 23 (help) - ^ Pepper, Suzanne (2008). Keeping Democracy at Bay: Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 98.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Pepper 2008, p. 130.
- ^ Loh, Christine (2010). Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. p. 305.
External links
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