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{{Geobox|Building
[[Image:Torre de Penegate.JPG|200px|right]]
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
The '''Penegate Tower''' ({{lang-pt|Torre de Penegate}}), is a [[quadrilateral]] [[tower]], with 3 [[Storey|floors]] located in [[Vila Verde, Braga|Vila Verde]], [[Portugal]].
| name = Tower of Penegate
| native_name = Torre de Penegate
| other_name = Tower of D. Egas Pais of Penegate
| category = [[Tower]]
| native_category = Torre
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 235
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| official_name = Torre de Penegate/Torre de D. Egas Pais
| etymology =
| nickname =
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| flag =
| symbol =
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| country = {{flag|Portugal}}
| state_type = Region
| state = [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]]
| region_type = Subregion
| region = [[Cávado]]
| district = [[Braga (district)|Braga]]
| municipality = [[Vila Verde Municipality|Vila Verde]]
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| location = São Miguel de Carreiras
| elevation = 161
| prominence =
| lat_d = 41
| lat_m = 39
| lat_s = 31.73
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 8
| long_m = 29
| long_s = 30.06
| long_EW = W
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| length = 8.5
| length_orientation = Northwest-Southeast
| width = 8.5
| width_orientation = Southwest-Northeast
| height =
| depth =
| volume =
| area =
<!-- *** Features *** -->
| author_type = Architects
| author = <nowiki>unknown</nowiki>
| style = [[Medieval architecture|Medieval]]
| material = Stone
| material1 = Wood
| material2 = Reinforced concrete
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established =
| established_type = Origin
| established1 =
| established1_type = Initiated
| established2 =
| established2_type = Completion
| date =
| date_type =
| owner = Portuguese Republic
<!-- *** Access *** -->
| public = Public
| visitation = Closed
| visitation_date = Mondays and on [[New Year|1 January]], [[Easter Sunday]], [[May Day|1 May]] and [[Christmas|25 December]]
| access = Municipal E.M.539 roadway, at the junction with church
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
| whs_name =
| whs_year =
| whs_number =
| whs_region =
| whs_criteria =
| iucn_category =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = [[IGESPAR|Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico]]
| free_type = Management
| free1 = DRCNorte
| free1_type = Operator
| free2 =
| free2_type =
| free3 =
| free3_type =
| free4 = Monument of Public Interest
| free4_type = Status
| free5 = Announcement 13494/2012; DR, Série 2 (189), 28 September 2012
| free5_type = Listing
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map =
| map_caption =
| map_background =
| map_locator =
| map_locator_x = 34
| map_locator_y = 85
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| commons =
| website =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Tower of Penegate''' ({{lang-pt|Torre de Penegate}}), is a 3-storey [[quadrilateral]] [[tower]], located in the [[freguesia|civil parish]] of [[São Miguel de Carreiras]] in [[concelho|municipality]] of [[Vila Verde Municipality|Vila Verde]], in the [[Norte Region, Portugal|northern]] region of [[Portugal]].


==History==
It was built in the 14th century in [[granite]].
[[File:Torre de Penegate.JPG|thumb|170px|left|The Tower of Penegate peaks out from the treeline in the zone of Outeiro]]
The first reference to the toponymy of Penegate came in 1064, substituting the former name of Penela.<ref>J. J. Rigaud Sousa (1978), p.13-14</ref><ref name="IGESPAR">{{cite web|url=http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/71729/ |title=Torre de Penegate |editor=IGESPAR |accessdate=1 Decemer 2012 |year=2011 |location=Lisbon, Portugal |publisher=IGESPAR-Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Regardless, the area continued to pertain to a dominant hilltop, where, later, the Gothic tower known as Penegate was founded. There are still some concerns about whether this structure had a Roman, or proto-Roman, foundation, normally attributed to D. Egas Pais de Penegate, a trusted man of Count Henry of Burgandy, as defended by some authors.<ref name=IGESPAR/><ref>Leonídio Abreu (1963), p.42</ref>


The tower was begun in 1322, by Mem Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, [[alcalde]]-mor of the [[Castle of Guimarães]], after receiving a royal license (for a ''domus fortis'') from King [[Denis of Portugal|Denis]] on 5 October 1322.<ref name=IGESPAR/><ref name="SIPA">{{citation|url=http://www.monumentos.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=1135 |title=Torre de Penegate/Torre de D. Egas Pais (PT010313480023) |publisher=SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico|editor=SIPA|location=Lisbon, Portugal|language=Portuguese |first=João |last=Santos |year=1996 |accessdate=23 November 2012}}</ref> Mem Rodrigues requested the dispatch, owing to problems found in occupying his title in the region of ''Entre-Homem-e-Cávado'', the zone where royal judiciary had difficulties in imposing is authority owing to his uncle, Pedro Anes de Vasconcelos.<ref name=IGESPAR/><ref>J. J. Rigaud Sousa (1978) p.14</ref>
==External links==
*{{pt}} [http://www.monumentos.pt/scripts/zope.pcgi/ipa/pages/frameset?nome=ipa&upframe=upframe3&downframe=ipa.html Inventário do Património Arquitectónico (DGEMN)]
*{{pt}} [http://www.ipa.min-cultura.pt/ Instituto Português de Arqueologia]
*{{pt}} [http://www.igespar.pt/en/patrimonio/pesquisa/geral/patrimonioimovel/detail/71729/ Torre de Penegate (Pesquisa de Património / IPPAR)]


By 1668, Miguel Valadares, who was then the proprietor of the tower, died.<ref name=IGESPAR/><ref name=SIPA/> The Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Penha was constructed in the 17th century, under his initiative (from the inscription along the principal facade).<ref name=IGESPAR/><ref name=SIPA/> This nobleman, deacon of Guimarães and judge in Braga, was the descendant and heir of the building, and incorporated the chapel as a burial site.<ref name=IGESPAR/>
{{Coord|41.6588|-8.4920|type:landmark_region:PT|display=title}}

In 1907, the tower was acquired by the father of the current property-owner.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/><ref>Carlos de Azevedo (1988), p.157</ref>

In 1939, a house was constructed along the lateral wall of the tower.<ref name=SIPA/>

The tower's age meant that local authorities were interested in classifying the tower, as a form of attracting local activity to the region.<ref name=SIPA/> On 20 August 1986, municipal authorities deliberated a motion to propose to the IPPC, that the tower be listed as a [[National monuments of Portugal|National Monument]].<ref name=SIPA/> This was followed on 15 November 1988, with a proposal by the Câmara Municipal of Vila Verde to classify the structure.<ref name=SIPA/> The process was opened by the president of the IPPC on 20 June 1990. But, many of these initiatives met with success, and Penegate remained unclassified by the beginning of the 20th century.<ref name=SIPA/>

On 27 December 2011, the DRCNorte (''Direcção Regional de Cultura do Norte'') re-proposed classifying the structure as an MIP, or ''Monumento de Interesse Público'' (''Monument of Public Interest'').<ref name=SIPA/> The proposal was met with a favorable response from the National Council for Culture SPAA on 23 January 2012.<ref name=SIPA/> On 28 September 2012, an announcement (13494/2012), was published in the [[Diário da República]] (Série II, 189), relative to the decision on classifying the monument as MIP, and established a special zone of protection for the keep.<ref name=SIPA/>

==Architecture==
The tower is located in a rural context, alongside a house that was recently constructed, in addition to the Chapel of Penha.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/> It is a Baroque temple, of small dimension, conserving a modern triptych altarpiece, with the image of the Virgin Mary in the centre, flanked by Saint John and Saint Anthony, in painted panels.<ref name=SIPA/>

The tower is located over a clifftop, over a hilltop escarpment that dominates the valley of Febros. Access to the site is made along a very steep pedestrian trail.<ref name=SIPA/> Along the valley, there once existed a medieval road, based on a former Roman via, which connected Braga and Valença.<ref name=SIPA/>

A rectangular tower, consisting of a three-story facade, with rooftop terrace.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/> The entrance-way, consisting of a Roman arch, is situated in the level ground, although it is likely that access was made by a movable staircase.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/> The first floors has several high and long cracks. In the western facade is a balcony with [[machicolation]]s and, along the other facades are tall rectangular windows. Along the eastern wall is a window with rounded frame.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/>

Within the interior of the tower are several inscriptions, likely Gothic in nature, but of complex lettering.<ref name=SIPA/><ref name=IGESPAR/>

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist|2}}
;Sources
* {{citation |last=Costa |first=Carvalho da |title=Corografia Portuguesa |location=Braga, Portugal |year=1868|language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Pinho |first=Leal |title=Portugal Antigo e Moderno |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1873-1890 |volume=12 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |editor-last=Abreu |editor-first=Leonídio |title=História, Arte e Paisagem do Distrito de Braga |publisher=Concelho de Vila Verde |location=Braga, Portugal |year=1963 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Machado |first=José |title=Palácios, Castelos e Solares |publisher=Ilustração Portuguesa |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1906 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Abreu |first=Leonídio |title=Silva Minhota |location=Braga, Portugal |year=1956 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Azevedo |first=Correia de |title=Monografia do Concelho de Vila Verde |year=1958 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Azevedo |first=Carlos de |title=Solares Portugueses |location=Lisboa |year=1969 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |editor-last=Almeida |editor-first=José António Ferreira de |title=Tesouros Artísticos de Portugal |location=Lisbon, Portugal |year=1976 |language=Portuguese}}
* {{citation |last=Sousa |first=J. J. Rigaud |title=Casas Torre ainda existentes nos arredores de Braga |publisher=Distrito de Braga |location=Braga, Portugal |volume=3 |year=1978 |language=Portuguese}}


[[Category:Towers in Portugal]]
[[Category:Towers in Portugal]]

Revision as of 21:46, 2 December 2012

Template:Geobox The Tower of Penegate (Template:Lang-pt), is a 3-storey quadrilateral tower, located in the civil parish of São Miguel de Carreiras in municipality of Vila Verde, in the northern region of Portugal.

History

The Tower of Penegate peaks out from the treeline in the zone of Outeiro

The first reference to the toponymy of Penegate came in 1064, substituting the former name of Penela.[1][2] Regardless, the area continued to pertain to a dominant hilltop, where, later, the Gothic tower known as Penegate was founded. There are still some concerns about whether this structure had a Roman, or proto-Roman, foundation, normally attributed to D. Egas Pais de Penegate, a trusted man of Count Henry of Burgandy, as defended by some authors.[2][3]

The tower was begun in 1322, by Mem Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, alcalde-mor of the Castle of Guimarães, after receiving a royal license (for a domus fortis) from King Denis on 5 October 1322.[2][4] Mem Rodrigues requested the dispatch, owing to problems found in occupying his title in the region of Entre-Homem-e-Cávado, the zone where royal judiciary had difficulties in imposing is authority owing to his uncle, Pedro Anes de Vasconcelos.[2][5]

By 1668, Miguel Valadares, who was then the proprietor of the tower, died.[2][4] The Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Penha was constructed in the 17th century, under his initiative (from the inscription along the principal facade).[2][4] This nobleman, deacon of Guimarães and judge in Braga, was the descendant and heir of the building, and incorporated the chapel as a burial site.[2]

In 1907, the tower was acquired by the father of the current property-owner.[4][2][6]

In 1939, a house was constructed along the lateral wall of the tower.[4]

The tower's age meant that local authorities were interested in classifying the tower, as a form of attracting local activity to the region.[4] On 20 August 1986, municipal authorities deliberated a motion to propose to the IPPC, that the tower be listed as a National Monument.[4] This was followed on 15 November 1988, with a proposal by the Câmara Municipal of Vila Verde to classify the structure.[4] The process was opened by the president of the IPPC on 20 June 1990. But, many of these initiatives met with success, and Penegate remained unclassified by the beginning of the 20th century.[4]

On 27 December 2011, the DRCNorte (Direcção Regional de Cultura do Norte) re-proposed classifying the structure as an MIP, or Monumento de Interesse Público (Monument of Public Interest).[4] The proposal was met with a favorable response from the National Council for Culture SPAA on 23 January 2012.[4] On 28 September 2012, an announcement (13494/2012), was published in the Diário da República (Série II, 189), relative to the decision on classifying the monument as MIP, and established a special zone of protection for the keep.[4]

Architecture

The tower is located in a rural context, alongside a house that was recently constructed, in addition to the Chapel of Penha.[4][2] It is a Baroque temple, of small dimension, conserving a modern triptych altarpiece, with the image of the Virgin Mary in the centre, flanked by Saint John and Saint Anthony, in painted panels.[4]

The tower is located over a clifftop, over a hilltop escarpment that dominates the valley of Febros. Access to the site is made along a very steep pedestrian trail.[4] Along the valley, there once existed a medieval road, based on a former Roman via, which connected Braga and Valença.[4]

A rectangular tower, consisting of a three-story facade, with rooftop terrace.[4][2] The entrance-way, consisting of a Roman arch, is situated in the level ground, although it is likely that access was made by a movable staircase.[4][2] The first floors has several high and long cracks. In the western facade is a balcony with machicolations and, along the other facades are tall rectangular windows. Along the eastern wall is a window with rounded frame.[4][2]

Within the interior of the tower are several inscriptions, likely Gothic in nature, but of complex lettering.[4][2]

References

Notes
  1. ^ J. J. Rigaud Sousa (1978), p.13-14
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m IGESPAR, ed. (2011). "Torre de Penegate" (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: IGESPAR-Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico. Retrieved 1 Decemer 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ Leonídio Abreu (1963), p.42
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Santos, João (1996), SIPA (ed.), Torre de Penegate/Torre de D. Egas Pais (PT010313480023) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 23 November 2012
  5. ^ J. J. Rigaud Sousa (1978) p.14
  6. ^ Carlos de Azevedo (1988), p.157
Sources
  • Costa, Carvalho da (1868), Corografia Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Braga, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Pinho, Leal (1873–1890), Portugal Antigo e Moderno (in Portuguese), vol. 12, Lisbon, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Abreu, Leonídio, ed. (1963), História, Arte e Paisagem do Distrito de Braga (in Portuguese), Braga, Portugal: Concelho de Vila Verde
  • Machado, José (1906), Palácios, Castelos e Solares (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Ilustração Portuguesa
  • Abreu, Leonídio (1956), Silva Minhota (in Portuguese), Braga, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Azevedo, Correia de (1958), Monografia do Concelho de Vila Verde (in Portuguese)
  • Azevedo, Carlos de (1969), Solares Portugueses (in Portuguese), Lisboa{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Almeida, José António Ferreira de, ed. (1976), Tesouros Artísticos de Portugal (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Sousa, J. J. Rigaud (1978), Casas Torre ainda existentes nos arredores de Braga (in Portuguese), vol. 3, Braga, Portugal: Distrito de Braga
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