Freixo de Espada à Cinta: Difference between revisions
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Freixo de Espada à Cinta is part of the [[Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro]] in the district of [[Bragança (district)|Bragança]], located 180 kilometres northeast of the city of [[Porto]], 400 kilometres northeast of [[Lisbon]] and 100 kilometres south of the district seat. It is bordered on the north by the municipality of [[Mogadouro Municipality|Mogadouro]], to the west by [[Torre de Moncorvo]], east by the province of [[Salamanca]] in Spain, and south by the municipality of [[Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo]]. |
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Four kilometres from the many village the Douro River marks a significant presence in this municipality; it is southern and easter political borders are fronted by the Douro. |
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The municipal administration is applied in the seat of Freixo de Espada à Cinta, with local government authority dispersed to the six civil parishes: |
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* Fornos |
* Fornos |
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* Freixo de Espada à Cinta |
* Freixo de Espada à Cinta |
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Revision as of 09:50, 3 June 2011
Template:Geobox Freixo de Espada à Cinta (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfɾɐjʃu dɨʃˈpada ˈsĩtɐ]), sometimes erroneusly Freixo de Espada Cinta (an archaism), is a municipality in northeastern border region of Portugal. Its population in 2001 was 4014 inhabitants in an area that spans the border with Spain with a total area of 244.0 km², that includes its southern and eastern frontiers along the Douro River Valley.
History
There have been historians that affirm that the Narbasi, a proto-Roman Iberian clan mentioned by Ptolemy, first gathered in this region.[1]
Medieval
It was in this region that Afonso II sustained attacks by Alfonso IX of León who protected his sisters. The land was taken and sacked in 1211 by Leonese forces.[1] Much later, in 1236, during the reign of Sancho II Freixe was encircled by the Castilian Infante Afonso, the son of Ferdinand, but the citizens were able to defend the Castilian embargo and drive their forces into retreat. In recompense, the Portuguese monarch conceded the category of vila (town) in 1240.[1]
Shortly after, on 27 March 1248, King Afonso conferred a foral (charter) on this region, and renewing the diploma on 20 January 1273.[1] The medieval privileges of the foral also permitted the town to be represented in the Cortes.
The municipality of Freixo, hoping that a medieval fair could help the merchant community and increase the number of local residents (to defend the territory), made a petition to King Denis in 3017, which the monarch conferred on the city in 9 March 1307 (to be held monthly for a day).[1]
Continuing their rise, the burgh petitioned King Afonso IV to conclude the walling of the town, which also allowed the construction of the Matriz Church (completed during the regin of King John IV.[1]
Afonso V maintained many of the infrastructures within the village of Freixo de Espada à Cinta, but donated all the other royal rights to Vasco Fernandes Sampaio, the regions first donatorio, which remained within the hereditary titles of the family for the many centuries (until the 19 July 1790 law that abolished the donatorio system).[1]
King Manuel authorized a new foral for Freixo on 1 October 1512.
The village would continue to suffer for many years during the Frontier Wars, namely between 1580 and 1640, as pillaging and destruction of settlements along the border continued between Castile and Portugal.[1] The sacking of Lagoaça and Fornos in 1644 were examples of these events.
On 10 September 1673, brothers of the Order of the Oratory arrived in Freixo, and began to build the Convent of São Filipe Nery, which was the second to be built in Portugal to the invocation of Saint Philip Neri.[1]
Monarchy
Owing to a decline in local agriculture the Juíz de Fora instituted awards to motive the local economy (1786), promoting the three pillars of the economy: olive and cherry orchards and silk production. This would become important as, by 1792, the Douro becomes a navigable waterway, and products could be easily transported by the waterway.[1]
During the Liberal turmoils of the 19th century, the settlements in Lagoaça, Fornos and Mazouco are visited daily by rebel forces that escaped into Spain, during the latter-part of King John IV reign. But by 1832, Freixo was squarely on the side of Miguelist forces, who supported Miguel.[1]
Between 1854-55, the region is infected by a cholera outbreak that especially affected the ecclesiastical parish of Lagoaça. Lagoaça would become a civil parish in 1867, that included the religious parishes of Fornos, Carviçais, Estevais (de Mogadouro), Castelo Branco, Vilarinho dos Galegos and Bruçó.
In the same year, the District Junta Geral of Bragança established a contract with local farmer Manuel Guerra Tenreiro to provide 180,000 feet of mulberry trees to be distributed to many of the municipalities of the District.[1]
During the Janeirinha (1868) the municipal council hall, which then dated back to the medieval epoch was assaulted and burned down.[1]
In 1896 the municipality of Freixo de Espada à Cinta is abolished and its lands appended to the municipality of Torre de Moncorvo. It residents persisted and were able to reposition the region in order to re-establish the municipality on 13 January 1898 (issuance of a municipal foral).[1]
Republic
A local syndicate was estabalished in 1902 (lasting until 1905) to support local agriculture (Template:Lang-pt).[1]
On 17 September 1911 the first raillink is inaugurated between Pocinho and Carviçais, but it would be more than 16 years before the communities of Carviçais and Lagoaça would be connected.[1]
The Bishop of Bragança prohibited the typical loas to Santo António which were a mix of oratory and religious satire.[1]
Geography
Freixo de Espada à Cinta is part of the Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro in the district of Bragança, located 180 kilometres northeast of the city of Porto, 400 kilometres northeast of Lisbon and 100 kilometres south of the district seat. It is bordered on the north by the municipality of Mogadouro, to the west by Torre de Moncorvo, east by the province of Salamanca in Spain, and south by the municipality of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo.
Four kilometres from the many village the Douro River marks a significant presence in this municipality; it is southern and easter political borders are fronted by the Douro. The municipal administration is applied in the seat of Freixo de Espada à Cinta, with local government authority dispersed to the six civil parishes:
- Fornos
- Freixo de Espada à Cinta
- Lagoaça
- Ligares
- Mazouco
- Poiares
External links
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