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Shivaji#Siege of Panhala

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+#REDIRECT [[Shivaji#Siege of Panhala]]
-{{Short description|1659 battle between the Maratha Empire and the Adilshahi dynasty}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
-{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
+{{Rcat shell|
-{{Unreferenced|date=September 2023}}
+{{R to related topic}}
-{{Infobox military conflict
-| conflict          = Battle of Kolhapur
-| width             =
-| partof            = the [[Imperial Maratha Conquests]]
-| date              = 28 December 1659
-| place             = [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
-| coordinates       =
-| map_type          =
-| map_relief        =
-| latitude          =
-| longitude         =
-| map_size          =
-| map_marksize      =
-| map_caption       =
-| map_label         =
-| territory         =
-| result            = [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] victory
-| combatants_header =
-| combatant1        = [[Maratha Army]]
-| combatant2        = [[Adil Shahi Dynasty]]<br>[[Mughal Empire]]
-| commander1        = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji]]<br>[[Netaji Palkar]]<br>Godaji<br>Jadhavrao<br>Siddi Hilal<br>Noor Khan Begh<br>Ingale<br>Sidhoji Pawar<br>Mahadik<br>Wagh
-| commander2        = [[Rustam Zaman]]<br>Fazal Khan<br>Fateh Khan<br>Sarjerao Ghatge<br>Baji Ghorpade<br>Malik Itbar<br>Sadat Khan<br>Yakun Khan<br>Ankush Khan<br>Santaji Ghatge
-| strength1         =
-| strength2         =
 }}
-'''Battle of Kolhapur''' was a battle that took place on 28 December 1659, near the city of [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]] between the [[Maratha Army]], led by [[Shivaji]] and the [[Adilshahi|Adilshahi forces]], led by [[Rustam Zaman]]. The battle is known for the brilliant movement of flanks by [[Shivaji]], similar to the tactics of [[Babur]] against [[Rana Sanga]] in the [[Battle of Khanwa]].
-==Background==
-[[Shivaji]] had killed [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]] and routed his army in the [[Battle of Pratapgarh]] on 10 November 1659. He took advantage of this victory and in a great offensive took a large hilly tract running about 200&nbsp;km under his command. A number of forts like [[Vasota]] fell to the Marathas. By December 1659, [[Shivaji]] appeared near [[Panhala]] fort. [[Rustam Zaman]] was directed from [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]]. He arrived near [[Miraj]] in the vicinity of [[Kolhapur]] on 27 December 1659.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}
-==Battle==
-===Composition of Adilshah’s forces===
-Rustam Zaman was assisted by other chieftains: Fazal Khan, Malik Itbar, Sadat Khan, Yakub Khan, Aankush Khan, Hasan Khan, Mulla Yahya and Santaji Ghatage. Adilshahi forces consisted of selected well known cavalry. In addition, [[elephant]]s were deployed as the first line of defense. The centre was commanded by Rustam Zaman himself, the left flank by Fazal Khan and the right flank by Malik Itbar. Fateh Khan and Mullah Yahya were on the rear guard. In total Rustam Zaman had an army of 10,000 cavalry.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
-===Composition of Maratha forces===
-[[Shivaji]] was assisted by Maratha Cavalry leaders: Netaji Palkar, Sardar Godaji Jagtap, Hiroji Ingale, Bhimaji Wagh, Sidhoji Pawar Jadhavrao, Hanmantrao Kharate, Pandhare, Siddi Hilal, and Mahadik. The center was commanded by [[Shivaji]] himself. Siddi Hilal and Jadhavrao were on the left flank. Ingale and Sidhoji Pawar were on the right flank. Mahadik and Wagh were at the rear guard. [[Netaji Palkar]] was off the centre. Overall Shivaji Maharaj commanded an army of 3,500 light cavalry numerically superseded by his rival Rustam's 10,000 cavalry.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
-===Movement and clash of forces===
-Rustam Zaman was planning to move towards Panhala fort. Shivaji anticipated this movement and in a quick dash, with 3,500 cavalry appeared before the 10,000 strong Adilshahi forces and attacked the enemy in the early morning at 28 December 1659. Shivaji charged the center and instructed his generals to outflank the enemy. Other Maratha commanders attacked their respective flanks, resulting in 2,000 of Rustam Zaman force's being killed. With 20% of their army dead, and Shivaji pressing hard from the center, Rustam's forces started to crumble and ran away from the battle. By afternoon Rustam Zaman had fled the field.
-==Outcome==
-[[Shivaji]] gained a large territory and secured front of his emerging [[Maratha empire|empire]]. Adilshahi forces lost about 2000 horses and 12 elephants to the Marathas. The Marathas under [[Shivaji]]'s leadership, continued to conquer more Adilshahi territories. In one of the incidences, [[Shivaji ]] tried to conquer an Adilshahi fort named ''Khelna'' but the terrain of the fort was difficult; conquering the fort was easier said than done. The Adilshahi garrison at the fort was also defending the fort valiantly. Therefore, [[Shivaji]] came up with a plan. Accordingly, a group of Marathas went up to the fort and convinced the Adilshahi chief (''killedar'') at the fort that they were not content with the rule of [[Shivaji]] and thus, had come to serve Adilshah. The Marathas were successful and the next day, they revolted and caused total chaos inside the fort. Simultaneously, [[Shivaji]] attacked the fort from outside and within no time captured the fort. [[Shivaji]] renamed this fort [[Vishalgad]].{{cn|date=December 2022}}
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-{{MarathaEmpire}}
-{{Kolhapur district topics}}
-{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
-[[Category:1659 in India]]
-[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire|Kolhapur 1659]]
-[[Category:Kolhapur]]
-[[Category:Conflicts in 1659|Kolhapur]]
-[[Category:Shivaji]]