List of wars involving Pakistan: Difference between revisions

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This is a list of wars involving the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Dominion of Pakistan.

Dominion of Pakistan
(1947-1956)

Conflict	Pakistan and allies	Opponents	Results
First Indo-Pakistani War (1947–1948)	Dominion of Pakistan Furqan Force	Dominion of India Jammu and Kashmir	Ceasefire Partitioning of Kashmir between India and Pakistan
First Balochistan Conflict (1948)	Dominion of Pakistan	Kalat insurgents	Victory Defeat of the insurgents
Korean War (1950-1953)	South Korea United Nations United States United Kingdom Canada Turkey Australia Philippines New Zealand Thailand Ethiopia Greece France Colombia Belgium South Africa Netherlands Luxembourg Support: Denmark Italy West Germany India Israel Norway Sweden Taiwan Japan Dominion of Pakistan Cuba El Salvador Spain	North Korea China Soviet Union Support: Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Romania Mongolia	Stalemate Formation of the DMZ

Islamic Republic of Pakistan
(1956-present)

Conflict	Pakistan and allies	Opponents	Results
Second Balochistan Conflict (1958–1959)	Pakistan	Kalat insurgents	Victory Surrender of Nauroz Khan
Bajaur Campaign (1960–1961)	Pakistan	Afghanistan	Victory Afghan incursions repelled
Third Balochistan Conflict (1963–1969)	Pakistan	Kalat insurgents	Victory Abolition of the "One Unit" policy^[1]
Second Indo-Pakistani War (1965)	Pakistan	India	Inconclusive United Nations mandated ceasefire Both sides claim victory No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration)
Bangladesh Liberation War (From March 1971) Third Indo-Pakistani War (From Dec 1971)	Pakistan	Bangladesh India	Defeat Independence of Bangladesh Simla Agreement
1971 JVP Insurrection (1971)	Ceylon United Front (since May 15) SLFP CCP (Pro-Soviet) LSSP Australia Egypt India Pakistan Singapore Soviet Union United Kingdom United States Yugoslavia China	JVP Supported by: North Korea (alleged) ASBPI CCP (Maoist) (alleged)	Victory Rebel forces surrender Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Fourth Balochistan Conflict (1973–1978)	Pakistan	BLA	Victory^[2] Return to status quo ante bellum
Soviet intervention in the Afghan Civil War (1979–1989)	Peshawar Seven Pakistan Tehran Eight	Soviet Union Afghanistan	Soviet withdrawal (limited involvement) Geneva Accords (1988)
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)	Iran Supported by: China Israel Libya North Korea Pakistan South Yemen Syria	Iraq MEK DRFLA^[3]^[4] Arab volunteers^[a] Supported by: China^[12]^[13] East Germany France^[14]^[15]^[16] Greece^[17] Italy^[18] Kuwait^[19]^[20] Saudi Arabia^[20] Soviet Union^[21]^[22] Spain^[23] Turkey^[24] United Kingdom^[25]^[26] United States^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30] West Germany^[31] (For other forms of foreign support, see here)	Stalemate; both sides claim victory Iraqi failure to capture Iranian territories and bolster Arab separatism in Iran's Khuzestan province Iranian failure to topple Saddam Hussein and destroy Iraqi military power as well as inspire sectarian divide in Iraq^[32] United Nations Security Council Resolution 598
Siachen conflict (1984)	Pakistan	India	Defeat India annexed the Siachen Glacier.
1987–1989 JVP insurrection (1987-1989)	Sri Lanka India United States United Kingdom Military support: Japan South Korea France Israel Pakistan Egypt	JVP Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya Support: Soviet Union North Korea Cuba	Victory Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)	Islamic Emirate (Taliban) Pakistan Al-Qaeda 055 Brigade^[33]	Islamic State (Northern Alliance)	Defeat End of Taliban government rule in Afghanistan
Kargil War (1999)	Pakistan	India	Defeat India regains possession of Kargil Return to status quo ante bellum^[34]
Fifth Balochistan Conflict (2004–present)	Pakistan	BLA	Ongoing Extension of the conflict into Iran
War in North-West Pakistan (2004–present)	Pakistan United States	Pakistani Taliban Al-Qaeda Islamic State	Ongoing Ongoing insurgency

References

^ Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan (PDF). International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 119. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-20. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
^ Newsline: A History of the Baloch Separatist Movement
^ Johnson, Rob (24 November 2010). The Iran–Iraq War. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137267788 – via Google Books.
^ Murray, Williamson; Woods, Kevin M. (4 September 2014). The Iran–Iraq War: A Military and Strategic History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107062290 – via Google Books.
^ Middleton, Drew (4 October 1982). "SUDANESE BRIGADES COULD PROVIDE KEY AID FOR IRAQ; Military Analysis (The New York Times)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
^ "Iraq-Iran war becoming Arab-Persian war? (The Christian Science Monitor)". The Christian Science Monitor. 5 February 1982. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
^ "Jordan's call for volunteers to fight Iran misfires (The Christian Science Monitor)". The Christian Science Monitor. 11 February 1982. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
^ Schenker, David Kenneth (2003). Dancing with Saddam: The Strategic Tango of Jordanian-Iraqi Relations (PDF). The Washington Institute for Near East Policy / Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0649-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017.
^ "Jordanian Unit Going To Aid Iraq 6 Hussein Will Join Volunteer Force Fighting Iranians (The Washington Post)". Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
^ Dictionary of modern Arab history, Kegan Paul International 1998. ISBN 9780710305053 p. 196.
^ Berridge, W. J. "Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan: The 'Khartoum Springs' of 1964 and 1985", p. 136. Bloomsbury Academic, 2015
^ Cite error: The named reference bulloch89 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "china and the iran-iraq conflict" (PDF). CIA. 1986-09-19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
^ Ibrahim, Youssef M. (21 September 1990), "Confrontation in the Gulf; French Reportedly Sent Iraq Chemical War Tools", The New York Times
^ Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), "Arms from France" Archived 14 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress^{[verification needed]}
^ Timmerman, Kenneth R. "Chapter 7: Operation Staunch". Fanning the Flames: Guns, Greed & Geopolitics in the Gulf War. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2015 – via Iran Brief. (syndicated by New York Times Syndication Sales, 1987, published in book form as "Öl ins Feuer Internationale Waffengeschäfte im Golfkrieg" Orell Füssli Verlag Zürich and Wiesbaden 1988 ISBN 3-280-01840-4
^ Anderson, Jack; Spear, Joseph (17 May 1988). "Greece Arms Both Sides in Iran–Iraq War". The Washington Post.
^ Sciolino, Elaine; Baquet, Dean (18 October 1992), "Review Finds Inquiry into Iraqi Loans Was Flawed", The New York Times, archived from the original on 31 January 2013
^ Anthony, John Duke; Ochsenwald, William L.; Crystal, Jill Ann. "Kuwait". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
^ ^a ^b Vatanka, Alex (22 March 2012). "The Odd Couple". The Majalla. Saudi Research and Publishing Company. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
^ Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), "The Soviet Union" Archived 8 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress Country Studies
^ Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), "Arms from The Soviet Union" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress
^ El camino de la libertad: la democracia año a año (1986) [The Path of Liberty: Democracy Year to Year] (in Spanish). El Mundo. pp. 27–32.
^ Inanc, G. (2008). Turk Diplomasisinde Irak 1978–1997 (in Turkish). Istanbul: Kultur Y. pp. 57–59.
^ Stothard, Michael (30 December 2011). "UK secretly supplied Saddam". Financial Times.
^ "US and British Support for Hussein Regime". Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
^ "U.S. Links to Saddam During Iran–Iraq War". NPR. 22 September 2005.
^ Friedman, Alan. Spider's Web: The Secret History of How the White House Illegally Armed Iraq, Bantam Books, 1993.^{[page needed]}
^ Timmerman, Kenneth R. (1991). The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-59305-0.
^ "Statement by former NSC official Howard Teicher] to the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida. [https://www.webcitation.org/5flvP0UgC?url=http://www.overcast.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/print/spidersweb/teicher.htm Plain text version" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-04-24. Retrieved 16 July 2017. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
^ "Iraqi Scientist Reports on German, Other Help for Iraq Chemical Weapons Program". Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Cordesman, Anthony H. (2006). Iraqi Security Forces: A Strategy for Success. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. xviii. ISBN 9780275989088. Hundreds of thousands of Arab Shi'ites were driven out of [Iraq], and many formed an armed opposition with Iranian support. While most of the remaining Arab Shi'ites remained loyal, their secular and religious leaders were kept under constant surveillance and sometimes imprisoned and killed.
^ McCarthy, Rory; Carter, Helen; Norton-Taylor, Richard (October 26, 2001). "The elite force who are ready to die". The Guardian.
^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 1999-08-07. Retrieved 2012-06-15.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan (PDF). International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 119. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-20. Retrieved 2015-09-19.

[iaoj.wordpress.com-2] Newsline: A History of the Baloch Separatist Movement

[3] Johnson, Rob (24 November 2010). The Iran–Iraq War. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137267788 – via Google Books.

[4] Murray, Williamson; Woods, Kevin M. (4 September 2014). The Iran–Iraq War: A Military and Strategic History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107062290 – via Google Books.

[5] Middleton, Drew (4 October 1982). "SUDANESE BRIGADES COULD PROVIDE KEY AID FOR IRAQ; Military Analysis (The New York Times)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.

[6] "Iraq-Iran war becoming Arab-Persian war? (The Christian Science Monitor)". The Christian Science Monitor. 5 February 1982. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.

[7] "Jordan's call for volunteers to fight Iran misfires (The Christian Science Monitor)". The Christian Science Monitor. 11 February 1982. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.

[Schenker-8] Schenker, David Kenneth (2003). Dancing with Saddam: The Strategic Tango of Jordanian-Iraqi Relations (PDF). The Washington Institute for Near East Policy / Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0649-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017.

[9] "Jordanian Unit Going To Aid Iraq 6 Hussein Will Join Volunteer Force Fighting Iranians (The Washington Post)". Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.

[10] Dictionary of modern Arab history, Kegan Paul International 1998. ISBN 9780710305053 p. 196.

[11] Berridge, W. J. "Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan: The 'Khartoum Springs' of 1964 and 1985", p. 136. Bloomsbury Academic, 2015

[bulloch89-13] Cite error: The named reference bulloch89 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[14] "china and the iran-iraq conflict" (PDF). CIA. 1986-09-19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 2019-11-30.

[15] Ibrahim, Youssef M. (21 September 1990), "Confrontation in the Gulf; French Reportedly Sent Iraq Chemical War Tools", The New York Times

[16] Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), "Arms from France" Archived 14 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress^{[verification needed]}

[Timmermann-17] Timmerman, Kenneth R. "Chapter 7: Operation Staunch". Fanning the Flames: Guns, Greed & Geopolitics in the Gulf War. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2015 – via Iran Brief. (syndicated by New York Times Syndication Sales, 1987, published in book form as "Öl ins Feuer Internationale Waffengeschäfte im Golfkrieg" Orell Füssli Verlag Zürich and Wiesbaden 1988 ISBN 3-280-01840-4

[18] Anderson, Jack; Spear, Joseph (17 May 1988). "Greece Arms Both Sides in Iran–Iraq War". The Washington Post.

[19] Sciolino, Elaine; Baquet, Dean (18 October 1992), "Review Finds Inquiry into Iraqi Loans Was Flawed", The New York Times, archived from the original on 31 January 2013

[brittaenica-kuwait-20] Anthony, John Duke; Ochsenwald, William L.; Crystal, Jill Ann. "Kuwait". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

[vatanka12-21] Vatanka, Alex (22 March 2012). "The Odd Couple". The Majalla. Saudi Research and Publishing Company. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

[22] Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), "The Soviet Union" Archived 8 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress Country Studies

[23] Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), "Arms from The Soviet Union" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress

[24] El camino de la libertad: la democracia año a año (1986) [The Path of Liberty: Democracy Year to Year] (in Spanish). El Mundo. pp. 27–32.

[25] Inanc, G. (2008). Turk Diplomasisinde Irak 1978–1997 (in Turkish). Istanbul: Kultur Y. pp. 57–59.

[26] Stothard, Michael (30 December 2011). "UK secretly supplied Saddam". Financial Times.

[27] "US and British Support for Hussein Regime". Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

[28] "U.S. Links to Saddam During Iran–Iraq War". NPR. 22 September 2005.

[29] Friedman, Alan. Spider's Web: The Secret History of How the White House Illegally Armed Iraq, Bantam Books, 1993.^{[page needed]}

[Timmerman-30] Timmerman, Kenneth R. (1991). The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-59305-0.

[31] "Statement by former NSC official Howard Teicher] to the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida. [https://www.webcitation.org/5flvP0UgC?url=http://www.overcast.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/print/spidersweb/teicher.htm Plain text version" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-04-24. Retrieved 16 July 2017. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)

[32] "Iraqi Scientist Reports on German, Other Help for Iraq Chemical Weapons Program". Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2015.

[33] Cordesman, Anthony H. (2006). Iraqi Security Forces: A Strategy for Success. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. xviii. ISBN 9780275989088. Hundreds of thousands of Arab Shi'ites were driven out of [Iraq], and many formed an armed opposition with Iranian support. While most of the remaining Arab Shi'ites remained loyal, their secular and religious leaders were kept under constant surveillance and sometimes imprisoned and killed.

[Guardian_2001-10-26-34] McCarthy, Rory; Carter, Helen; Norton-Taylor, Richard (October 26, 2001). "The elite force who are ready to die". The Guardian.

[35] "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 1999-08-07. Retrieved 2012-06-15.

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@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
 |style="background:#efefef"| '''Soviet withdrawal''' <small>(limited involvement)</small>
 * [[Geneva Accords (1988)]]
+|-
+|style="background:#efefef"| [[Iran–Iraq War]]<br>(1980&ndash;1988)
+|style="background:#efefef"| {{flag|Iran}}<br/>
+'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flag|China}}<br>{{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flagdeco|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977}} [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi#Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libya]]<br>{{flag|North Korea}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{nowrap|{{flag|South Yemen}}}}<br>{{flag|Syria}}
+|style="background:#efefef"|'''{{flagcountry|Ba'athist Iraq|1968}}'''
+----{{plainlist|* {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg}} [[People's Mujahedin of Iran|MEK]]
+* {{flagicon image|Flag of Arabistan.svg}} [[Democratic Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Arabistan|DRFLA]]<ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0yYdBQAAQBAJ&q=Liberation+of+Arabistan+iran+iraq+war&pg=PA20 |title = The Iran–Iraq War |first = Rob |last = Johnson |date = 24 November 2010 |publisher = Palgrave Macmillan |via = Google Books |isbn = 9781137267788 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WVBCBAAAQBAJ&q=Liberation+of+Arabistan+iran+iraq+war&pg=PA93 |title = The Iran–Iraq War: A Military and Strategic History |first1=Williamson |last1=Murray |first2=Kevin M. |last2=Woods |date=4 September 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |via=Google Books |isbn = 9781107062290 }}</ref>
+* [[Arabs|Arab]] volunteers{{efn|from:<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/04/world/sudanese-brigades-could-provide-key-aid-for-iraq-military-analysis.html |title=SUDANESE BRIGADES COULD PROVIDE KEY AID FOR IRAQ; Military Analysis (The New York Times) |newspaper=The New York Times |date=4 October 1982 |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094106/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/04/world/sudanese-brigades-could-provide-key-aid-for-iraq-military-analysis.html |archive-date=8 December 2019 |url-status=live |last1=Middleton |first1=Drew }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0205/020559.html |title=Iraq-Iran war becoming Arab-Persian war? (The Christian Science Monitor) |journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=5 February 1982 |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094106/https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0205/020559.html |archive-date=8 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* {{flag|Egypt}}
+* {{nowrap|{{flag|Jordan}}<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0211/021106.html |title=Jordan's call for volunteers to fight Iran misfires (The Christian Science Monitor) |journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=11 February 1982 |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094041/https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0211/021106.html |archive-date=8 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Schenker">{{cite book |url = https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/DancingwithSaddam.pdf.pdf |title = Dancing with Saddam: The Strategic Tango of Jordanian-Iraqi Relations |publisher = [[The Washington Institute for Near East Policy]] / [[Lexington Books]] |last = Schenker |first = David Kenneth |year = 2003 |isbn = 0-7391-0649-X |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170123153530/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/DancingwithSaddam.pdf.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/01/29/jordanian-unit-going-to-aid-iraq-6-hussein-will-join-volunteer-force-fighting-iranians/a6b7099c-3c36-4152-9411-6b0620038463/ |title=Jordanian Unit Going To Aid Iraq 6 Hussein Will Join Volunteer Force Fighting Iranians (The Washington Post) |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208094156/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/01/29/jordanian-unit-going-to-aid-iraq-6-hussein-will-join-volunteer-force-fighting-iranians/a6b7099c-3c36-4152-9411-6b0620038463/ |archive-date=8 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
+* {{flag|Morocco}}
+* {{flag|North Yemen}}<ref>''Dictionary of modern Arab history'', Kegan Paul International 1998. ISBN 9780710305053 p.&nbsp;196.</ref>
+* {{flag|Sudan}}<ref>Berridge, W. J. "Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan: The 'Khartoum Springs' of 1964 and 1985", p.&nbsp;136. Bloomsbury Academic, 2015</ref>
+* {{flag|Tunisia|1959}}
+}}}}{{Collapsible list
+| title = '''Supported by:'''
+| bullets = no|{{flag|China}}<ref name=bulloch89 /><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP86T01017R000606490001-5.pdf |title = china and the iran-iraq conflict |publisher = CIA |date = 1986-09-19 |access-date = 2019-11-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170122223930/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP86T01017R000606490001-5.pdf |archive-date = 22 January 2017 |url-status = live }}</ref>|{{flag|East Germany}}|{{flag|France}}<ref>{{citation
+ | date = 21 September 1990
+ | title = Confrontation in the Gulf; French Reportedly Sent Iraq Chemical War Tools
+ | first = Youssef M. | last = Ibrahim
+ | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE3DA153EF932A1575AC0A966958260
+ | newspaper = The New York Times }}</ref><ref>Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), [http://countrystudies.us/iraq/99.htm "Arms from France"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214004308/http://countrystudies.us/iraq/99.htm |date=14 December 2010 }}, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress{{verify source|date=October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Timmermann">{{cite book |title = Fanning the Flames: Guns, Greed & Geopolitics in the Gulf War |last = Timmerman |first = Kenneth R. |author-link = Kenneth R. Timmerman |chapter = Chapter 7: Operation Staunch |url = http://www.iran.org/tib/krt/fanning_ch7.htm |via = Iran Brief |access-date = 17 September 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130313220502/http://www.iran.org/tib/krt/fanning_ch7.htm |archive-date = 13 March 2013 |url-status = dead }} (syndicated by New York Times Syndication Sales, 1987, published in book form as "Öl ins Feuer Internationale Waffengeschäfte im Golfkrieg" Orell Füssli Verlag Zürich and Wiesbaden 1988 {{ISBN|3-280-01840-4}}</ref>|{{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Greece Arms Both Sides in Iran–Iraq War |first1=Jack |last1=Anderson |first2=Joseph |last2=Spear |date=17 May 1988 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1988/05/17/greece-arms-both-sides-in-iran-iraq-war/d93c7788-b9e1-43f1-8e51-bc7dcd128e68/ |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>|{{flag|Italy}}<ref>{{citation
+|date = 18 October 1992
+|title = Review Finds Inquiry into Iraqi Loans Was Flawed
+|first1 = Elaine |last1 = Sciolino |first2 = Dean |last2 = Baquet
+|newspaper = The New York Times
+|url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEFDB163BF93BA25753C1A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all
+|archive-url = https://archive.today/20130131031002/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEFDB163BF93BA25753C1A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all
+|url-status = dead
+|archive-date = 31 January 2013
+}}</ref>|{{flag|Kuwait}}<ref name="brittaenica-kuwait">{{cite encyclopedia |title = Kuwait |encyclopedia = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325644/Kuwait/93658/Iran-Iraq-War |last1 = Anthony |first1 = John Duke |last2 = Ochsenwald |first2 = William L. |author2-link = William L. Ochsenwald |last3 = Crystal |first3 = Jill Ann |access-date = 7 November 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131012094420/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325644/Kuwait/93658/Iran-Iraq-War |archive-date = 12 October 2013 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="vatanka12" />|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<ref name="vatanka12">{{cite news |url = http://www.majalla.com/eng/2012/03/article55230108 |last=Vatanka |first=Alex |date=22 March 2012 |access-date=7 November 2012 |title = The Odd Couple |newspaper=[[The Majalla]] |publisher=[[Saudi Research and Publishing Company]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025539/http://www.majalla.com/eng/2012/03/article55230108 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|{{flag|Soviet Union}}<ref>Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), [http://countrystudies.us/iraq/82.htm "The Soviet Union"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408111708/http://countrystudies.us/iraq/82.htm |date=8 April 2016 }}, Iraq: a Country Study, [[Library of Congress Country Studies]]</ref><ref>Metz, Helen Chapin, ed. (1988), [http://countrystudies.us/iraq/98.htm "Arms from The Soviet Union"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055839/http://countrystudies.us/iraq/98.htm |date=4 March 2016 }}, Iraq: a Country Study, Library of Congress</ref>|{{flag|Spain}}<ref>{{cite book |title = El camino de la libertad: la democracia año a año (1986) |trans-title = The Path of Liberty: Democracy Year to Year |pages=27–32 |language= es |publisher = El Mundo }}</ref>|{{flag|Turkey}}<ref>Inanc, G. (2008). Turk Diplomasisinde Irak 1978–1997 (in Turkish). Istanbul: Kultur Y. pp. 57–59.</ref>|{{nowrap|{{flag|United Kingdom}}}}<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.ft.com/content/52add2c4-30b4-11e1-9436-00144feabdc0 |title = UK secretly supplied Saddam |first = Michael |last = Stothard |date=30 December 2011 |newspaper = Financial Times }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.globalpolicy.org/iraq-conflict-the-historical-background-/us-and-british-support-for-huss-regime.html |title = US and British Support for Hussein Regime |access-date = 16 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190624202859/https://www.globalpolicy.org/iraq-conflict-the-historical-background-/us-and-british-support-for-huss-regime.html |archive-date = 24 June 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref>|{{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}}<ref>{{cite news |title = U.S. Links to Saddam During Iran–Iraq War |url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4859238&t=1573287420836 |publisher=NPR |date = 22 September 2005 }}</ref><ref>Friedman, Alan. Spider's Web: The Secret History of How the White House Illegally Armed Iraq, Bantam Books, 1993.{{page needed|date=November 2019}}</ref><ref name="Timmerman">{{cite book |url = https://archive.org/details/deathlobbyhowthe00timm |title = The Death Lobby: How the West Armed Iraq |publisher= Houghton Mifflin Company |last = Timmerman |first = Kenneth R. |author-link = Kenneth R. Timmerman |year=1991 |location = New York, NY |isbn = 0-395-59305-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq61.pdf|title=Statement by former NSC official Howard Teicher] to the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida. [https://www.webcitation.org/5flvP0UgC?url=http://www.overcast.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/print/spidersweb/teicher.htm Plain text version|access-date=16 July 2017|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/679rQn5aw?url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq61.pdf#|archive-date=2012-04-24|url-status=live}}</ref>|{{flag|West Germany}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/iraq/cw/az120103.html |title=Iraqi Scientist Reports on German, Other Help for Iraq Chemical Weapons Program |access-date=20 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513085855/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/iraq/cw/az120103.html |archive-date=13 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>|{{small|(For other forms of foreign support, see [[International aid to combatants in the Iran–Iraq War|here]])}}
+}}
+|style="background:#efefef"|Stalemate; both sides claim victory
+* Iraqi failure to capture Iranian territories and bolster [[Arab separatism in Khuzestan|Arab separatism]] in Iran's [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]] province
+* Iranian failure to topple [[Saddam Hussein]] and destroy Iraqi military power as well as inspire [[Sectarian violence in Iraq#Sectarian violence from 1979 until 2003|sectarian divide]] in Iraq<ref>{{cite book|last=Cordesman|first=Anthony H.|url=https://archive.org/details/iraqisecurityfor00cord/page/|title=Iraqi Security Forces: A Strategy for Success|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|year=2006|isbn=9780275989088|page=[https://archive.org/details/iraqisecurityfor00cord/page/ xviii]|quote=Hundreds of thousands of Arab Shi'ites were driven out of [Iraq], and many formed an armed opposition with Iranian support. While most of the remaining Arab Shi'ites remained loyal, their secular and religious leaders were kept under constant surveillance and sometimes imprisoned and killed.|url-access=registration}}</ref>
+* [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 598]]
 |-
 |style="background:#efefef"| [[Siachen conflict]]<br/>(1984)
@@ Line 177: / Line 216: @@
 * Ongoing insurgency
 |}
 ==See also==

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History of Pakistan

Timeline
Ancient Palaeolithic Soanian culture, c. 500,000 – 250,000 BCE Neolithic Mehrgarh, c. 7000 – c. 3000 BCE Indus Valley Civilisation, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE Vedic Civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE Achaemenid Empire, c. 550 – c. 330 BCE Gedrosia, c. 542 – c. 330 BCE Gandhara, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE Arachosia, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE Hindush, c. 517 – c. 330 BCE Sattagydia, c. 516 – c. 330 BCE Ror dynasty, c. 489 – c. 450 BCE Macedonian Empire, c. 329 – c. 323 BCE Arachosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Gedrosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Paropamisadae, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Porus, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Taxiles, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE Mauryan Empire, c. 322 – c. 200 BCE Seleucid Empire, c. 312 – c. 63 BCE Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, c. 190 – c. 140 BCE Indo-Greek Kingdom, c. 170 – c. 50 BCE Indo-Scythian Kingdom, c. 110 BCE – c. 95 CE Apracharajas, c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE Paratarajas, c. 120 – c. 300 CE
Classical Parthian Empire, c. 90 BCE – c. 25 CE Indo-Parthian Kingdom, c. 25 – c. 80 CE Kushan Empire, c. 60 – 345 CE Sasanian Empire, c. 250 – 655 CE Indo-Sasanians, c. 240 – 410 CE Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom, c. 240 – 410 CE Gupta Empire, c. 345 – c. 455 CE Rai dynasty, c. 415 – 644 CE Hephthalite Empire, c. 450 – 560 CE Brahman dynasty, c. 641 – 725 CE
Medieval Caliphate, c. 643 – 860 CE Rashidun Caliphate, c. 643 – 661 CE Umayyad Caliphate, c. 670 – 860 CE Pala Empire, c. 770 – 850 CE Habbari dynasty, c. 841 – 1024 CE Hindu Shahi, c. 870 – 1010 CE Samanid Empire, c. 905 – 999 CE Ghaznavids, c. 999 – 1186 CE Soomra dynasty, c. 1024 – 1351 CE Ghurid dynasty, c. 1170 – 1215 CE Delhi Sultanate, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE Mamluk dynasty, c. 1206 – c. 1290 CE Khalji dynasty, c. 1290 – c. 1320 CE Tugluq dynasty, c. 1320 – c. 1413 CE Sayyid dynasty, c. 1414 – c. 1451 CE Lodhi dynasty, c. 1451 – c. 1526 CE Mongol Empire, c. 1221 – c. 1327 CE Chagatai Khanate, c. 1225 – c. 1485 CE Ilkhanate, c. 1256 – c. 1353 CE Raees dynasty, c. 1320 – 1620 CE Katoor dynasty, c. 1570 – c. 1947 CE Samma dynasty, c. 1351 – c. 1524 CE Arghun dynasty, c. 1520 – c. 1554 CE Mughal Empire, c. 1526 – c. 1707 CE Bombay Presidency, c. 1618 – c. 1947 CE Suri dynasty, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE Tarkhan dynasty, c. 1554 – 1591 CE
Early modern Durrani Empire, c. 1747 – c. 1826 CE Las Bela, c. 1802 – c. 1947 CE Misl, c. 1716 – c. 1799 CE Maratha Empire, c. 1758 – c. 1760 CE Sikh Empire, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE British Raj, c. 1858 – c. 1947 CE Independence Movement
Modern Pakistan, c. 1947 CE – present Dominion of Pakistan, c. 1947 – 1956 CE Islamic Republic, c. 1956 CE – present
History of provinces Azad Kashmir Balochistan East Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan Islamabad Capital Territory Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh
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Revision as of 11:44, 16 February 2021

Dominion of Pakistan(1947-1956)

Islamic Republic of Pakistan(1956-present)

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References

Dominion of Pakistan
(1947-1956)

Islamic Republic of Pakistan
(1956-present)