Siti Alnfor

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Siti Alnfor
ست النفور
Born
Siti Alnfor Ahmed Bakr

(1997-09-10)10 September 1997[1]
Died17 November 2021(2021-11-17) (aged 24)
Shambat, Khartoum North, Khartoum State, Sudan
Cause of deathGunshot wounds
Resting placeAl-Kadro Cemetery
Other namesSitna
EducationNeelain University
OccupationNurse

Siti Alnfor Ahmed Bakr (Arabic: ست النفور احمد بكار), nicknamed Sitna, was a 24-year-old[2][3][note 1] Sudanese nurse and women's human rights defender (WHRD) in Sudan. She was killed on 17 November 2021, during protests in Khartoum North against the coup d'état led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. She was fatally shot by the security forces.[7] Her face, depicted on black-and-white flags, became a symbol for the revolution.[6]

Life and activism[edit]

Born on 10 September 1997,[1] Siti Alnfor,[note 2] also known as Sitna, was a nurse who graduated from the Neelain University.[8][9] Hailing from al-Kadro, north of Khartoum North, she was an activist, volunteer, and women's human rights defender (WHRD) who was active throughout the Sudanese revolution since 2018.[10][11]

The Killing of Sitna[edit]

The military coup in Sudan, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, took control of the Government of Sudan on 25 October 2021.[12] The coup resulted in the dissolution of the government, declaration of a state of emergency,[13] and arrest of several senior government figures.[14] The military junta, under the guise of "correcting the course of the revolution," has disrupted the political transition that was initiated following the 2019 revolution.[6]

Key civilian groups including the Sudanese Professionals Association and Forces of Freedom and Change called for civil disobedience and refusal to cooperate with the coup organisers. Protests started on 25 and 26 October against the coup and at least 10 civilians were reported as being killed and over 140 injured by the military during the first day of protests.[15] Protests and strikes continued, with 200,000 to 2,000,000 protestors participating around Sudan on 30 October[16] and 15 shot dead by security forces in protests organised by the Sudanese resistance committees on 17 November.[17][18]

On the 17 November 2021, from noon to 4pm local time, unrest unfolded in Khartoum North and Al Siteen Street in Al Amarat, Khartoum, resulting in both fatalities and injuries. Protestors advocating for a government led by civilians were met with resistance from security and police forces, who employed tear gas and live rounds. The Central Committee of Sudanese Doctors confirmed that the day’s events led to the loss of 15 lives. Video footages implicated the Sudanese government riot police, the Central Reserve Forces, the Sudanese police forces, and unidentified individuals from the General Intelligence Service in civilian attire as the potential aggressors against the protestors.[5]

External video
video icon The killing of Siti Alnfor, from Sudanese Archive, retrieved 07.01.2024

A video was posted on Facebook showed a protest site near Al Rabiata Shambat Square and the Al Taawun Stadium on Al Mouna Bahri street. The video captures the sound of what seems to be gunfire and protestors in flight.[5] While the video does not show any security forces or police, it does show white smoke, possibly indicative of tear gas. At around 4 pm,[19] the video also depicts a woman, later identified as Siti Alnfor Ahmed Bakr, being carried away after sustaining a gunshot wound to the chin by the security forces.[10][20][7]

The casualties from the protest were transported to the International Hospital on Al Zaim Al Azhari street, where further protests took place with chants against military governance.[5]

Aftermath[edit]

Siti Alnfor's picture immerged as a new symbol for the Sudanese protests.[21][6][22] Her face, depicted on black-and-white flags, was prominently displayed every week on the streets of Khartoum during protests against the coup d'état.[6][23] The following days, the Ministry of Culture and Information placed Siti Alnfor's as the cover of its Facebook page,[24] and US chargé d'affaires in Khartoum, Brian Shawkan, visited Siti Alnfor's family to offer his condolences.[25]

Siti Alnfor's father declined an autopsy on her.[8] However, her body was later exhumed and examined on 16 December 2021.[26][27][28]

In 2022, a radiology suite at Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital was named after Siti Alnfor,[29] and a memorial service commemorating her was conducted on 16 November 2022 near her house in al-Kadro.[30][31]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ 25[4][5] and 22[6] was also reported
  2. ^ Siti Alnfor Ahmed Bakr is from a culture that does not use last names.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "ست النفور.. كندّاكة تمهر الثورة بالدماء – النيلين" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  2. ^ "S/PV.9158 Security Council" (PDF). Security Council Report. 2022-10-20.
  3. ^ "Statement: Making choices to place women at the heart of our agenda". UN Women – Headquarters. 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  4. ^ "Sudan coup: The names and faces of the protesters killed". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  5. ^ a b c d "Acts of violence against demonstrators in Bahri and Al Siteen in Nov 2021". sudanesearchive.org. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  6. ^ a b c d e "One year after the coup, the shattered hopes of Sudan's women". Le Monde.fr. 2022-10-26. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  7. ^ a b "Top UN official decries global trampling of women's rights". The Seattle Times. 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  8. ^ a b بلادي, يقول العدو الأول لحميدتي التشادي الاجنبي محتل (2022-11-19). "«ست النفور».. عند عتبة الرابعة والعشرين أنهى رصاص الانقلاب حياتها وأحلامها – صحيفة التغيير السودانية , اخبار السودان" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  9. ^ "مقتل "ست النفر" بالرصاص يثير غضب نشطاء بالسودان". عربي21 (in Arabic). 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  10. ^ a b "Sudanese and International organisations call for an end on attacks against Sudanese women human rights defenders and protesters". Front Line Defenders. 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  11. ^ "ست النفور بكار.. شهيدة النضال الثوري". سودانايل (in Arabic). 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  12. ^ Salih, Zeinab Mohammed; Beaumont, Peter (2021-10-25). "Sudan's army seizes power in coup and detains prime minister". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  13. ^ Lewis, Aidan; Eltahir, Nafisa; Chmaytelli, Maher (25 October 2021). Cawthorne, Andrew (ed.). "Sudan's Burhan declares state of emergency, dissolves government". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  14. ^ Abdelaziz, Khalid; Awadalla, Nadine (25 October 2021). Pullin, Richard (ed.). "Sudan cabinet members, others arrested in apparent coup – Reuters witness". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  15. ^ "Sudan coup: Protests continue after military takeover". BBC. 25 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  16. ^ Dabanga (2021-11-01). "'Cautious calm' in Sudan capital after new mass protests". Dabanga Radio TV Online. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  17. ^ Salih, Zeinab Mohammed; Beaumont, Peter (2021-11-18). "Sudan pro-democracy activists call for escalation after lethal crackdown". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  18. ^ Dabanga (2021-11-17). "(15) شهيدا والقوات تقتحم المستشفيات والاطباء يطالبون بتحقيق دولي". Dabanga Radio TV Online (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  19. ^ "السودان: يجب أن تحققوا في مقتل أشخاص إثر أعمال قمع عسكرية ضد المحتجين". منظمة العفو الدولية (in Arabic). 2021-11-25. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  20. ^ M., Lederer (2022-10-20). "Top UN official decries global trampling of women's rights". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  21. ^ Doja.Daoud. "ست النفور بكار... كنداكة سودانية تفقد حياتها في مواجهة الانقلاب". Alaraby (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  22. ^ "«كنداكات» بلغن القمة.. نماذج نجاحات عالمية للمرأة السودانية – صحيفة التغيير السودانية , اخبار السودان" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  23. ^ عثمان, مزدلفة. "اغتيال الطبيبة "الجميلة" يشعل مواقع التواصل.. من يطلق الرصاص على المتظاهرين في السودان؟". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  24. ^ "ست النفور.. كندّاكة تمهر الثورة بالدماء – النيلين" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  25. ^ "بالصور.. القائم بأعمال السفارة الأمريكية بالخرطوم يعزي أسرة الطبيبة (ست النفور) قتيلة مظاهرات 17 نوفمبر — تاق برس" (in Arabic). 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  26. ^ مداميك (2021-12-17). "بضغوط من الأسرة والثوار.. النيابة تنفذ إجراء نبش قبر الشهيدة ست النفور لتحديد أسباب الوفاة". صحيفة مداميك (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  27. ^ AlzrgaMedia (2021-12-17). "قصة نبش قبر وتشريح جثمان الشهيدة ست النفور يكتبها أحمد عمر خوجلي". الزرقاء ميديا (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  28. ^ "قصة نبش قبر وتشريح جثمان الشهيدة ست النفور — تاق برس" (in Arabic). 2021-12-18. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  29. ^ "افتتاح مجمع الشهيدة ست النفور للأشعة". السودانيات. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  30. ^ Eltahir, Dalia (2022-11-16). "بداية تأبين الشهيدة ست النفور بالكدرو بحري". Twitter.
  31. ^ "المقاومة السودانية تعلن التصعيد في ذكرى مجزرة 17 نوفمبر – صحيفة التغيير السودانية , اخبار السودان" (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-07.
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