Sack Friary, Bristol
Sack Friary, Bristol was a friary in Bristol, England. It was established in 1266 and dissolved in 1286.[1]
The mendicant religious order was known as the Friars of the Sack and the Brothers of Penitence.[a] The friars first appeared in England in 1257,[3] with the order apparently originating in Italy, where they were known as "Fratres de Sacco".[2][b] The order began in 1251 and expanded into Britain, France, Spain, Germany and Palestine.[2][4] The Second Council of Lyon took up the question of limiting mendicant religious orders. In 1274, the four major orders-the Franciscans, the Dominicans, the Carmelites and the Austin Friars were allowed to remain with the lesser orders instructed to disband.[5][c]
The first mention of the order in Bristol was circa 1266 when Henry III of England granted the friars six oaks from Selwood Forest for building.[7] Records of the 1287 Pleas of the Crown establish that there was a house of Friars of the Sack before that time, but no one is certain where it was located.[8] The last mention of the order in Bristol is found on a document dated October 31, 1322. The document refers to a tenement outside Bristol Temple Gate located near the church of the "Friars di saccis" signed by Simon de Ely, burgess of Bristol to William de Cameleigh.[9]
Notes[edit]
- ^ The friars wore garments made of coarse cloth, similar to that of the Franciscans. They did not eat meat and only drank water.[2]
- ^ Others attribute their origin to France as many of their known homes were in France.[4]
- ^ Mendicant orders founded after 1215 were subject to the disbanding order. They were not to accept any new members of their community, thus the orders would succumb to attrition.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ Pastscape
- ^ a b c Gasquet 1905, pp. 241–242.
- ^ Page 1909, pp. 513–514.
- ^ a b Emery, Richard W. (October 1960). "A Note on the Friars of the Sack". Speculum. 35 (4). The Medieval Academy of America: 591–595. doi:10.2307/2846556. JSTOR 2846556. S2CID 164170108.
- ^ Emery, Richard W. (July 1943). "The Friars of the Sack". Speculum. 18 (3). The Medieval Academy of America: 323–334. doi:10.2307/2853707. JSTOR 2853707. S2CID 162401389.
- ^ Howse, Christopher (5 March 2016). "Sackcloth and magpies: the habits of the extinct friars". the Telegraph. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ Page 1907, p. 111.
- ^ Taylor, Rev. C. S (1906). "The Religious Houses of Bristol and Their Dissolution". Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society: 90. hdl:2027/uc1.b2993360.
- ^ Rudd, Alfred E. (1911–1912). "Bristol Merchant Marks". Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club for 1911-1912. Clifton Antiquarian Club: 115. hdl:2027/hvd.32044090327446.
Sources[edit]
- Gasquet, Francis Aidan (1905). English monastic life. Methuen. hdl:2027/uc1.$b54767.
- Page, William (1907). The Victoria History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 2. Constable. ISBN 978-0-19-722755-8.
- Page, William (1909). A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark. Victoria County History.