Rast (Turkish makam)
| Durak | Rast |
|---|---|
| Güçlü | Neva |
| Yeden | Irak |
| Seyir | Ascending |
| Lower Çeşni | Rast pentachord |
| Higher Çeşni | Rast tetrachord (Ascending) Buselik tetrachord (Descending) |
| Lower Extension | Rast tetrachord |
Rast is the implementation of the Rast scale in Turkish makam music. It is in 53 Tone Equal Temperament.
Rauf Yekta Bey's model places the Rast Makam as the gamme naturale of Turkish Classical Music and centers the theoretical approach around it.[1] In the Arel Ezgi Uzdilek system, the scale centered in the theory became Çârgâh.[1]
Rast in 53-TET[edit]
| Components | Note Name | Western Note | Steps to following note | Cents from Durak note | Function | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rast pentachord | Rast | G | T (9) | 0 | Durak | |||||
| Dügâh | A | K (8) | 203.77 | |||||||
| Segâh | B
|
S (5) | 384.91 | |||||||
| Çargah | C | T (9) | 498.11 | |||||||
| Neva | - | D | T (9) | 701.89 | Güçlü | |||||
| Rast tetrachord (Ascending) | Buselik tetrachord (Descending) | - | ||||||||
| Hüseyni/Hisar | E | K (8) | B (4) | 905.66 | ||||||
| Eviç
(Asc.) |
Acem
(Desc.) |
F#
(Asc.) |
F
(Desc.) |
S (5)
(Asc.) |
T (9)
(Desc.) |
1086.79
(Asc.) |
996.23
(Desc.) |
|||
| Gerdaniye | G | - | 1200.00 | Tiz Durak | ||||||
The Rast makam also has a Rast tetrachord extension in its lower registers, that is octave equivalent to the second çeşni in Rast ascending. The notes are: Yegâh, Hüseyni-Aşiran, Irak, ending with Rast.
Comparison with Western scales[edit]
Since the makam is based on 53-TET, it is impossible to directly tie it to 12-TET Western scales. However, using the 48-TET model, while worse than many other models in approximation,[3] allows for such comparisons.[Note 1]
The approximation of Rast ascending within 48-TET would be:[Note 2]
- Major (
3, 7)
While Rast descending would be:
- Mixolydian (3)
Usage and understanding of Rast[edit]
Emotional effects of Rast[edit]
The Rast makam is understood to make listeners feel positive feelings, such as the following: Joy, relief, calmness, confidence, serenity and a sense of security.[4]
Religious usage[edit]
Rast is one of the most prevalent makams used in reciting the Quran. It's also used during the ezan (daily call to prayer).
Songs that use the Rast scale[edit]
Related makams[edit]
- Acemli Rast (Rast with Acem), same as Rast descending
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Ayangil, Ruhi (2008). "Western Notation in Turkish Music". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 18 (4): 401–447. doi:10.1017/S1356186308008651. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 27755982.
- ^ "RAST". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-02-07.
- ^ Bozkurt, Barış; Yarman, Ozan; Karaosmanoğlu, M. Kemal; Akkoç, Can (March 2009). "Weighing Diverse Theoretical Models on Turkish Maqam Music Against Pitch Measurements: A Comparison of Peaks Automatically Derived from Frequency Histograms with Proposed Scale Tones". Journal of New Music Research. 38 (1): 45–70. doi:10.1080/09298210903147673. hdl:11147/2853. ISSN 0929-8215.
- ^ Dinc, Dilem; Aslan, Asli (November 2017). "EMOTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO CLASSICAL TURKISH MUSIC". SOBİDER: The Journal of Social Science: 296.