Placopyrenium
| Placopyrenium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Placopyrenium bucekii | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Verrucariales |
| Family: | Verrucariaceae |
| Genus: | Placopyrenium Breuss (1987) |
| Type species | |
| Placopyrenium bucekii (Nádv. & Servít) Breuss (1987)
| |
Placopyrenium is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae.[1]
Taxonomy[edit]
The genus was circumscribed in 1987 by the Austrian lichenologist Othmar Breuss. He assigned Placopyrenium bucekii as the type species.[2]
Description[edit]
The genus Placopyrenium is characterised by its epilithic (growing on rocks) thallus, which is thick and distinctly patterned, breaking into areoles (small, island-like sections) or squarrose-areolate (with scale-like, spreading areoles). These areoles have a unique shape, being noticeably narrowed at their base and extending into elongated stipes (stalks), which are ashen in colour on the upper surface due to a protective epinecral layer, while the underside is black. The thallus lacks rhizohyphae (root-like hyphae) and the stipes are directly attached to the substrate.[2]
The entire thallus is composed of cells that are either angular or rounded, measuring 5–10 µm in diameter, forming a structure that is nearly paraplectenchymatous, meaning the cells are closely packed together. The areolae's base and sides are enveloped in a carbonaceous (blackened) cortical layer, providing durability and protection.[2]
In terms of reproductive structures, Placopyrenium develops perithecia (fruiting bodies) within the thallus. These perithecia lack an involucrellum (an outer layer or envelope). The asci (spore-producing structures) within the perithecia are clavate, meaning they are shaped like a club. The spores produced in these asci are arranged in two rows (biseriate), and are either ellipsoidal or ovoid-oblong in shape. These spores are colourless and typically simple, although they are often uniseptate, meaning they have a single internal division (septum). Additionally, the genus produces short, rod-shaped conidia (asexual spores).[2]
Species[edit]
- Placopyrenium ariyanense Moniri & Breuss (2017)[3] – Iran
- Placopyrenium breussii Cl.Roux & Gueidan (2011)[4] – Europe
- Placopyrenium bucekii (Nádv. & Servít) Breuss (1987)[5]
- Placopyrenium bullatum Aptroot & Yazıcı (2012)[6] – Turkey
- Placopyrenium caeruleopulvinum (J.W.Thomson) Breuss (2002)
- Placopyrenium cinereoatratum (Degel.) Orange (2009)[7] – Europe
- Placopyrenium coloradoense Breuss (2009)[8]
- Placopyrenium conforme Breuss (2009)[8]
- Placopyrenium formosum Orange (2009)[7] – Europe
- Placopyrenium heppioides (Zahlbr.) Breuss (2002)
- Placopyrenium insuetum Breuss (2000)[9]
- Placopyrenium iranicum Breuss (2009)[8]
- Placopyrenium stanfordii (Herre) K.Knudsen (2006)
- Placopyrenium tatrense (Vězda) Breuss (1990)
- Placopyrenium trachyticum (Hazsl.) Breuss (1987)
- Placopyrenium zahlbruckneri (Hasse) Breuss (2002)
References[edit]
- ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
- ^ a b c d Nimis, P.L.; Poelt, J. (1987). "The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sardinia (Italy)". Studia Geobotanica. 7 (S1): 182–183.
- ^ Breuss, O.; Haji Moniri, M. (2017). "A new Placopyrenium species (Ascomycota: Verrucariaceae) from Iran". Herzogia. 30 (1): 177–181.
- ^ Roux, C.; Gueidan, C. (2011). "Deux espèces nouvelles de Verrucariaceae des Pyrénées-Orientales (France): Placocarpus melanophthalmosus sp. nov. et Placopyrenium breussii sp. nov". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence (in French). 14 (S): 163–176.
- ^ Menard, T.; Roux, C. (1995). "Placopyrenium bucekii and notes on Verrucariaceae (Verrucariales, Lichenes)". Mycotaxon. 53: 129–159.
- ^ Aptroot, André; Yazici, Kenan (2012). "A new Placopyrenium (Verrucariaceae) from Turkey". The Lichenologist. 44 (6): 739–741. doi:10.1017/S0024282912000382.
- ^ a b Orange, Alan (2009). "Two parasitic species of Placopyrenium (Verrucariaceae) from freshwater habitats in north-west Europe". The Lichenologist. 41 (2): 131–139. doi:10.1017/S002428290900841X.
- ^ a b c Breuss, O. (2009). "A synopsis of the lichen genus Placopyrenium (Verrucariaceae), with descriptions of new taxa and a key to all species". In Aptroot, André; Seaward, Mark R.D.; Sparrius, Laurens B. (eds.). Biodiversity and ecology of lichens. Liber Amicorum Harrie Sipman. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 99. Stuttgart/Berlin: J. Cramer. pp. 93–112. ISBN 978-3-443-58078-0.
- ^ Breuss, Othmar (2000). "New taxa of pyrenocarpous lichens from the Sonoran Region". The Bryologist. 103 (4): 705–709. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2000)103[0705:NTOPLF]2.0.CO;2.