Mandal (surname)

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Not to be confused with the surnames Mandala and Mondale.

Mandal
Pronunciationman-dal
mon-dol
Origin
MeaningCircle
Region of origin Bangladesh
 India
   Nepal
Other names
Variant form(s)Mondal, Mondol

Mandal (Sanskrit: मण्डल, romanized: maṇḍala), also spelled Mondal (Bengali: মণ্ডল, romanized: môṇḍôl), is an honorific title that was used for local chieftains in present-day Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The title was usually hereditary and so, in modern times, the term is a common surname for both males and females.

Meaning[edit]

The word "mandal" has various meanings depending upon the context, such as circle, orb, disc, ring, sphere, globe, orbit, province, assemblage or zone.[1] A mandal was an administrative circle under a district or revenue division, similar to a tehsil, in many parts of South Asia. Originally this honorary title was given to the Administrator of provincial government. 'Mukhiya' or headman of a village was also conferred with this title.[2] Sometimes this designation meant the person who as a representative of the Zamindar used to distribute land and also collect the revenue. [3]

Class and community[edit]

For the upper classes in Bengal, family surnames date from the arrival of the British in the eighteenth century or earlier. Gregory Clark found Mandal as one of the common surnames among petitioners to the East India Company courts.[4] Sudarshana Bhaumik noted Mandal was one of the titles among Aguri feudal lords.[5] In some parts of Bengal, especially in Bankura, few Brahmins use Mondal surname.[6] Lokeshwar Basu noticed Mandal surname among a section of Kayastha and Suvarna Banik.[7][8] Mondal surname is commonly found among trading and peasant communities like Baishya Saha, Mahishya, Sadgop, Tili and some OBC castes.[9][7] Mandal is now also Scheduled Castes surname, many from which has become "social elite", according to Clark.[10] It is also in vogue among Bengali Muslims and some Christians.[11]

In Bihar, Dhanuk, Gangota, Kurmi, Kushwaha and Yadav communities,[12][13][14][15] and in Orissa some Karan use this surname.[9]

Notable people[edit]

Families[edit]

Fictional characters[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "মন্ডল - English Meaning of 'মন্ডল' at english-bangla.com | মন্ডল শব্দের ইংরেজি অর্থ". www.english-bangla.com. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  2. ^ Saha, Prabhat Kumar (1995). Some Aspects of Malla Rule in Bishnupur, 1590-1806 A.D. Ratnabali. p. 109.
  3. ^ "Bengali Surnames" (PDF).
  4. ^ Iversen, Vegard; Krishna, Anirudh; Sen, Kunal (6 January 2022). Social Mobility in Developing Countries: Concepts, Methods, and Determinants. Oxford University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-19-289685-8.
  5. ^ Bhaumik, Sudarshana (26 August 2022). The Changing World of Caste and Hierarchy in Bengal: Depiction from the Mangalkavyas c. 1700–1931. Taylor & Francis. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-000-64143-1.
  6. ^ Khagendranath Bhowmik (1982). পদবীর উৎপত্তি ও ক্রমবিকাশের ইতিহাস ।। খগেন্দ্রনাথ ভৌমিক. pp. Division D(ঘ), 23.
  7. ^ a b Basu, Lokeśvara (1981). Āmādera padabīra itihāsa (in Bengali). Ānanda. pp. 69, 82. ISBN 978-81-7066-601-1.
  8. ^ "Baniks of Bengal". The Times of India. 17 September 2001. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  9. ^ a b Bhowmick, P. K. (1976). Socio-cultural Profile of Frontier Bengal. Punthi Pustak. p. 30.
  10. ^ Clark, Gregory (25 August 2015). The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility. Princeton University Press. pp. 149, 164. ISBN 978-0-691-16837-1.
  11. ^ Jha, Sadan; Pathak, Dev Nath; Das, Amiya Kumar (30 April 2021). Neighbourhoods in Urban India: In Between Home and the City. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-93-90252-64-0.
  12. ^ Bose, Ruma (23 September 2019). Walking with Pilgrims: The Kanwar Pilgrimage of Bihar, Jharkhand and the Terai of Nepal. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-000-73250-4.
  13. ^ Sinha, Surajit (1993). Anthropology of Weaker Sections. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 206, 207. ISBN 978-81-7022-491-4.
  14. ^ Somanaboina, Simhadri; Ramagoud, Akhileshwari (15 November 2021). The Routledge Handbook of the Other Backward Classes in India: Thought, Movements and Development. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-000-46280-7.
  15. ^ "जातिगत जनगणना के बाद मंत्री बनने का दावा ठोकेंगे जदयू विधायक". prabhatkhabar.com. 28 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Smt. Soma Mondal | SAIL". sail.co.in. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  17. ^ "Soma Mondal scripts history, assumes charge as 1st female Chairperson of SAIL". psuwatch.com. 2 January 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
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