List of countries by carbon intensity of GDP

World map of emission intensity (kg of CO2 per Intl$), 2018

The following list of countries by carbon intensity of GDP sorts countries by their emission intensity. Carbon intensity or emission intensity of GDP is a measure that evaluates the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced per unit of GDP. It provides an indication of how efficiently an economy uses carbon-based resources to generate economic output. A lower carbon intensity indicates that less CO2 is emitted to produce a given level of economic output, indicating a more carbon-efficient economy.

List

Countries

Countries by carbon intensity of GDP. Carbon intensity is measured by CO2 emissions in kilograms per International dollar (US dollar adjusted for purchasing power parity) of economic output. Data are for the year 2018.

Rank	Country	CO2 kg/$
1	North Korea	1.18
2	Trinidad and Tobago	1.16
3	Mongolia	1.09
4	Kazakhstan	0.72
5	South Africa	0.65
6	China	0.57
7	Libya	0.54
8	Ukraine	0.54
9	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.53
10	Syria	0.53
11	Bahrain	0.52
12	Zimbabwe	0.52
13	Turkmenistan	0.52
14	Estonia	0.51
15	Iran	0.50
16	Russia	0.47
17	Serbia	0.44
18	Lesotho	0.44
19	Laos	0.44
20	Oman	0.42
21	Jamaica	0.42
22	Iraq	0.42
23	Vietnam	0.41
24	Kyrgyzstan	0.38
25	Saudi Arabia	0.37
26	Barbados	0.37
27	Kuwait	0.35
28	Canada	0.35
29	Belarus	0.35
30	Uzbekistan	0.35
31	Malaysia	0.35
32	South Korea	0.34
33	Australia	0.34
34	Venezuela	0.33
35	Bulgaria	0.33
36	Czech Republic	0.33
37	Poland	0.32
38	Bolivia	0.31
39	United States	0.30
40	Algeria	0.29
41	India	0.29
42	Saint Lucia	0.29
43	Greece	0.29
44	United Arab Emirates	0.29
45	Benin	0.28
46	Mauritania	0.28
47	Liberia	0.27
48	Luxembourg	0.27
49	Taiwan	0.27
50	Lebanon	0.27
51	Senegal	0.26
52	Cyprus	0.26
53	Equatorial Guinea	0.26
54	Turkey	0.26
55	Macedonia	0.25
56	Thailand	0.25
57	Slovakia	0.25
58	Cuba	0.24
59	Cambodia	0.24
60	Dominica	0.24
61	Mozambique	0.24
62	Slovenia	0.24
63	Iceland	0.24
64	Tajikistan	0.24
65	Jordan	0.24
66	Qatar	0.24
67	Mexico	0.24
68	Japan	0.23
69	Moldova	0.23
70	Tunisia	0.23
71	Republic of the Congo	0.22
72	Belgium	0.22
73	Ecuador	0.22
74	Argentina	0.22
75	Honduras	0.22
76	Israel	0.22
77	Azerbaijan	0.22
78	Seychelles	0.22
79	Finland	0.21
80	Morocco	0.21
81	Botswana	0.21
82	New Zealand	0.21
83	Croatia	0.21
84	Romania	0.21
85	Comoros	0.21
86	Chile	0.20
87	Montenegro	0.20
88	Egypt	0.20
89	Hungary	0.20
90	Indonesia	0.20
91	Germany	0.19
92	Netherlands	0.19
93	Guinea	0.19
94	Portugal	0.19
95	Togo	0.19
96	Nepal	0.18
97	Spain	0.18
98	Haiti	0.18
99	Namibia	0.18
100	Lithuania	0.18
101	Armenia	0.17
102	Austria	0.17
103	Sao Tome and Principe	0.17
104	Nicaragua	0.17
105	Georgia	0.17
106	Pakistan	0.17
107	Italy	0.17
108	Latvia	0.17
109	Mauritius	0.16
110	Gabon	0.16
111	Brazil	0.16
112	Afghanistan	0.16
113	Burkina Faso	0.16
114	Dominican Republic	0.16
115	Philippines	0.16
116	Yemen	0.15
117	Gambia	0.15
118	Cape Verde	0.15
119	United Kingdom	0.15
120	Albania	0.15
121	Guatemala	0.15
122	Ghana	0.14
123	Peru	0.14
124	Mali	0.13
125	Djibouti	0.13
126	Angola	0.13
127	Denmark	0.13
128	Paraguay	0.13
129	Cameroon	0.13
130	Panama	0.13
131	France	0.12
132	Ireland	0.12
133	Palestine	0.12
134	Zambia	0.12
135	Bangladesh	0.12
136	Swaziland	0.12
137	El Salvador	0.12
138	Hong Kong	0.11
139	Guinea-Bissau	0.11
140	Costa Rica	0.11
141	Singapore	0.11
142	Myanmar	0.11
143	Kenya	0.10
144	Madagascar	0.10
145	Côte d'Ivoire	0.10
146	Nigeria	0.10
147	Malta	0.10
148	Norway	0.10
149	Sierra Leone	0.10
150	Uruguay	0.10
151	Burundi	0.09
152	Sweden	0.09
153	Niger	0.09
154	Sri Lanka	0.08
155	Ethiopia	0.08
156	Tanzania	0.07
157	Malawi	0.07
158	Switzerland	0.07
159	Uganda	0.07
160	Chad	0.06
161	Central African Republic	0.06
162	Rwanda	0.06
163	DR Congo	0.03

World regions

Region	CO2 kg/$
Asia	0.38
Oceania	0.33
World	0.32
North America	0.29
Europe	0.23
Africa	0.23
South America	0.18

Income groups

Income group	CO2 kg/$
Upper-middle-income countries	0.44
Lower-middle-income countries	0.26
High income countries	0.25
Low-income countries	0.21

Historical development

Development of CO2 emissions in kilograms per international dollar of economic output in major countries over time.

Country	1820	1850	1900	1950	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010	2018	1950–2018 (change)
Argentina			0.10	0.22	0.30	0.29	0.33	0.27	0.24	0.22	−1%
Australia			0.42	0.56	0.61	0.66	0.60	0.51	0.41	0.34	−40%
Bangladesh				0.03	0.06	0.10	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.12	+376%
Belgium		0.71	1.24	1.01	0.77	0.59	0.44	0.37	0.28	0.22	−78%
Brazil			0.12	0.16	0.21	0.18	0.18	0.20	0.16	0.16	−2%
Canada			0.81	0.95	0.82	0.70	0.55	0.50	0.40	0.35	−63%
China				0.18	0.71	0.79	0.73	0.61	0.67	0.57	+216%
France	0.05	0.21	0.69	0.58	0.49	0.39	0.24	0.20	0.16	0.12	−78%
Germany	0.09	0.20	1.26	1.21	0.76	0.62	0.52	0.33	0.25	0.19	−84%
India			0.04	0.17	0.24	0.29	0.33	0.35	0.32	0.29	+71%
Indonesia			0.02	0.09	0.16	0.22	0.20	0.24	0.22	0.20	+111%
Italy			0.13	0.16	0.36	0.33	0.30	0.25	0.21	0.17	+7%
Japan			0.21	0.40	0.48	0.38	0.31	0.30	0.27	0.23	−41%
Mexico			0.04	0.31	0.31	0.39	0.38	0.32	0.28	0.24	−22%
Netherlands			0.54	0.53	0.57	0.53	0.39	0.28	0.25	0.19	−63%
Nigeria				0.06	0.22	0.44	0.23	0.29	0.14	0.10	+68%
Pakistan				0.13	0.21	0.20	0.23	0.23	0.19	0.17	+28%
Philippines				0.10	0.23	0.19	0.18	0.22	0.15	0.16	+55%
Poland				1.16	1.32	1.42	1.21	0.65	0.42	0.32	−72%
Russia					1.20	1.25	1.38	0.96	0.52	0.47	−65%
Saudi Arabia				0.37	0.61	0.80	0.91	0.61	0.45	0.37	−0%
South Africa				1.11	1.02	1.11	1.33	1.11	0.80	0.65	−42%
South Korea				0.10	0.56	0.58	0.42	0.41	0.38	0.34	+226%
Spain			0.23	0.34	0.36	0.41	0.31	0.28	0.19	0.18	−47%
Sweden			0.54	0.38	0.57	0.36	0.24	0.18	0.13	0.09	−76%
Switzerland			0.26	0.19	0.27	0.23	0.19	0.14	0.10	0.07	−63%
United Kingdom	0.61	1.04	1.34	0.90	0.68	0.50	0.40	0.30	0.23	0.15	−83%
United States	0.03	0.23	1.08	1.10	0.88	0.71	0.55	0.46	0.37	0.30	−73%
Vietnam				0.06	0.56	0.26	0.19	0.24	0.34	0.41	+645%