List of aerial victories claimed by Walter Schuck

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Walter Schuck (30 July 1920 – 27 March 2015) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe from 1937 until the end of World War II. As a fighter ace, he claimed 206 enemy aircraft shot down in over 500 combat missions, eight of which while flying the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.[1][Note 1]

List of aerial victories claimed[edit]

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Schuck was credited with 206 aerial victories.[2] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 181 aerial victory claims, plus nine further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 171 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 10 on the Western Front, including four four-engined bombers and 8 victories with the Me 262 jet fighter.[3]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 36 Ost 3087". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[4]

 (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Schuck an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
 (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Schuck did not receive credit.
! (exclamation mark) indicates those aerial victories listed by Mombeek, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.
# (hash mark) indicates those aerial victories listed by Mathews and Foreman.
? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Mombeek, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim! Claim# Date Time Type Location Claim! Claim# Date Time Type Location
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[5]
1 1 15 May 1942 18:18 MiG-3[6] 8 4 13 June 1942 17:02 Hurricane[7]
2 2 28 May 1942 16:36 Il-4[8] 9 5 22 June 1942 22:25 I-180 (Yak-7)[9]
3 3 28 May 1942 16:40 Hurricane[8] 10 6 22 June 1942 22:30 Hurricane[9]
4
5 June 1942 05:00 MiG-3?[Note 2] southeast of Pechenga 11 7 28 June 1942 16:40 Hurricane 103992/42[9]
5
5 June 1942 05:02 MiG-3[Note 2] southeast of Pechenga 12 8 8 July 1942 14:05 P-40 104557/43[9]
6
5 June 1942 05:05 MiG-3[Note 2] east of Pechenga 13 9 20 July 1942 08:32 Pe-2 vicinity of the Liza Bight[10]
7
5 June 1942 05:10 MiG-3[Note 2] east of Pechenga
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[11]
13 10 12 November 1942 12:10 P-40 PQ 36 Ost 3087[12] 53 50 20 September 1943 15:24 Boston[13] PQ 27 Ost NT-3/9[14]
14 11 26 December 1942 10:58 LaGG-3[12] vicinity of Murmashi 54 51 20 September 1943 15:26 P-39[13]
15 12 27 December 1942 10:45 P-40[12] vicinity of Murmashi 55 52 23 September 1943 13:02 P-40[13] PQ 36 Ost AG, southwest of Murmansk[14]
16 13 31 December 1942 09:10 Pe-2[12] 56 53 23 September 1943 13:07 P-40[13] PQ 36 Ost AG, southwest of Murmansk[14]
17 14 31 December 1942 09:14 Pe-2[12] 57 54 23 September 1943 13:08 P-39[13] PQ 36 Ost AG, southwest of Murmansk[14]
18 15 31 December 1942 10:50 P-40[12] 58 55 23 September 1943 13:10 P-40[13] PQ 36 Ost AG, southwest of Murmansk[14]
19 16 10 January 1943 11:23 P-40[12] PQ 37 Ost 10552, vicinity of Kirkenes[15] 59 56 24 September 1943 08:56 P-40[16] PQ 36 Ost AG, southwest of Murmansk[14]
20 17 10 January 1943 11:28?[Note 3] Pe-2[12] PQ 37 Ost 2036, vicinity of Kirkenes[15] 60 57 24 September 1943 08:58 P-40[16] PQ 36 Ost AG, southwest of Murmansk[14]
21 18 24 January 1943 09:13?[Note 4] P-40[12] PQ 37 Ost 20123, Rybachy Peninsula[15] 61
13 October 1943 12:53 Boston?[Note 5] between Kiberg and Vadsø[14]
22 19 24 January 1943 09:16 P-40[12] PQ 37 Ost 20192, Rybachy Peninsula[15] 62
13 October 1943
?[Note 6]
Boston[16] between Kiberg and Vadsø[14]
23 20 26 February 1943 08:43 Pe-2[12] PQ 37 Ost 30723, Kola Bight[18] 63?[Note 7] 13 October 1943 12:54?[Note 7] P-40?[Note 7] between Kiberg and Vadsø[14]
24 21 28 February 1943 11:12 P-40[12] PQ 36 Ost 29131, vicinity of Pechenga[18] 64 64 29 January 1944 12:08 Yak-7 east of Shonguy[19]
25 22 2 March 1943 12:20?[Note 8] P-40?[Note 8] PQ 36 Ost 29352[18] 65 65 29 January 1944 12:25 Yak-7[19] southeast of Shonguy[21]
26 23 14 March 1943 17:50 U-2[20] PQ 36 Ost 2927, on the Liza front[18] 66♠ 66 17 March 1944 10:55 Boston[22] PQ 37 Ost OC-9/7[21]
27 24 19 March 1943 06:03 P-40[20] PQ 37 Ost 20841, Rybachy Peninsula[18] 67♠ 67 17 March 1944 11:00 Boston[22] PQ 37 Ost OC-9/7[21]
28 25 19 March 1943 06:05 P-40[20] PQ 37 Ost 20843, Rybachy Peninsula[18] 68♠ 68 17 March 1944 11:03 Yak-7[22] PQ 37 Ost OC-9/5[21]
29 26 25 March 1943 17:40 Il-2[23] PQ 36 Ost 29273, Murmansk[18] 69♠ 69 17 March 1944 11:07 Yak-7[22] PQ 37 Ost OD-8/4[21]
30 27 25 March 1943 17:47 P-40[23] PQ 36 Ost 29291, Murmansk[18] 70♠ 70 17 March 1944 15:35 P-40[24] northwest of the Rybachy Peninsula[25]
25 March 1943
P-40 Murmashi 71♠ 71 17 March 1944 15:39 P-40[24] west of Eyna Guba[25]
25 March 1943
P-40 Murmashi 72♠ 72 17 March 1944 15:47 Il-2[24]
31 28 4 April 1943 13:27?[Note 9] P-40[23] PQ 37 Ost 10551, vicinity of Pechenga[18] 73 73 23 March 1944 13:02 Yak-9 south of Liza Bight[24]
32 29 4 April 1943 13:37?[Note 10] P-40[23] PQ 37 Ost 10761, vicinity of Pechenga[18] 74 74 1 April 1944 13:07 P-40[24] PQ 37 Ost UE-1/3[25]
33 30 14 April 1943 18:25 Hurricane[23] PQ 37 Ost 30753, vicinity of Vayenga[18] 75 75 1 April 1944 13:10 P-40[24] PQ 37 Ost TF-7/7[25]
34 31 14 April 1943 18:28?[Note 11] Hurricane[23] PQ 37 Ost 30752, vicinity of Vayenga[18] 76 76 2 April 1944 16:38 Yak-9[24] PQ 36 Ost AE-3/1[25]
35 32 7 May 1943 04:08?[Note 12] P-39[26] PQ 37 Ost 20793[27] 77 77 2 April 1944 16:42 Yak-9[24] PQ 36 Ost AE-4/4[25]
36?[Note 13] 7 May 1943
unknown Motovsky Gulf[27] 78 78 2 April 1944 16:45 Yak-9[28] PQ 36 Ost AD-3/6[25]
36 33 22 May 1943 18:20?[Note 14] Hurricane[26] PQ 37 Ost 20474[27] 79♠ 79 7 April 1944 06:07 P-40 PQ 37 Ost QC-5/3[25]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of the northern tip of the Rybachy Peninsula[28]
37 34 22 May 1943 18:25 P-39[26] PQ 37 Ost 20631[27] 80♠ 80 7 April 1944 06:11 P-40 PQ 37 Ost QC-7/2[25]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of the northern tip of the Rybachy Peninsula[28]
38 35 22 May 1943 19:42 P-39[26] PQ 37 Ost 20492[27] 81♠ 81 7 April 1944 06:13 P-40 PQ 37 Ost RD-1/1[25]
10 km (6.2 mi) west of the northern tip of the Rybachy Peninsula[28]
39 36 22 May 1943 19:50 P-39[26] PQ 37 Ost 20621[27] 82♠ 82 7 April 1944 06:14 Il-2[28] PQ 37 Ost RD-9/2[25]
40 37 18 August 1943 16:16 Hurricane east of Cape Korabelnyi[29]
east Cape Malzjj-Kerabelngjy[30]
83♠ 83 7 April 1944 10:18 P-39[28] PQ 37 Ost SF-8/6[25]
41 38 18 August 1943 16:22 P-39 southwest of Zyp Nowolok[30][29][Note 15] 84♠ 84 7 April 1944 10:21 P-39[28] PQ 37 Ost SF-9/4[25]
42 39 3 September 1943 19:11 Hurricane PQ 36 Ost AE-8/8, Liza[29]
18 km (11 mi) west of Murmashi[30]
85♠ 85 25 May 1944 21:32 Boston[31] east of Oengang[32]
43 40 3 September 1943 19:13 Hurricane PQ 36 Ost AE-9/7, Liza[29]
18 km (11 mi) west of Murmashi[30]
86♠ 86 25 May 1944 21:35 P-40[33] east of Oengang[32]
44 41 12 September 1943 14:25 P-40[30] PQ 36 Ost AF-9/6, Kola east[29] 87♠ 87 25 May 1944 21:38 Boston northeast of Berlevåg[33]
45 42 12 September 1943 14:26 P-40[30] PQ 36 Ost AF-7/4, Kola east[29] 88♠ 88 25 May 1944 21:40 P-40 northeast of Berlevåg[33]
46 43 12 September 1943 17:02 P-40[30] PQ 36 Ost AF-4/1, Kola east[29] 89♠ 89 25 May 1944 21:43 Boston northeast of Berlevåg[33]
47 44 14 September 1943 18:22 P-39[30] PQ 37 Ost QC-8/5, Varangerfjord[29] 90♠ 90 25 May 1944 21:45 Boston northeast of Berlevåg[33]
48 45 14 September 1943 18:25 P-39[30] PQ 37 Ost QC-7/8, Varangerfjord[29] 91 91 26 May 1944 04:56 Il-2[33] northeast of Vardø[34]
49 46 14 September 1943 18:37 Il-2[13] PQ 37 Ost RC-8/1, Varangerfjord[29] 92 92 26 May 1944 04:58 P-40 northeast of Vadsø[33]
50 47 14 September 1943 18:39?[Note 16] P-39[13] PQ 37 Ost RC-8/1, Varangerfjord[29] 93 93 26 May 1944 04:59 P-40 northeast of Vadsø[33]
51 48 18 September 1943 13:04 P-40[13] PQ 36 Ost BC-2/4, Murmashi[14]
26 May 1944
unknown[33]
18 September 1943
P-40 94 94 26 May 1944 05:02 P-40 southeast of Vadsø[33]
52 49 20 September 1943 15:21 Boston[13] PQ 27 Ost NT-3/1[14]
Eismeerstaffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[35]
95 95 12 June 1944 15:11 P-40[36] west of Zatorski Bay[34] 120♠ 120 28 June 1944 00:05 P-39[37] south of the King Oscar II Chapel[38]
96♠ 96 15 June 1944 02:31 P-40 Pechenga Bight[36] 121♠ 121 28 June 1944 00:07 P-39?[Note 17] southeast of the King Oscar II Chapel[38]
97♠ 97 15 June 1944 02:33 P-40 vicinity of Hamningberg[36] 122♠ 122 28 June 1944 00:09 P-39[37] south of the King Oscar II Chapel[38]
98♠ 98 15 June 1944 19:11 P-40 [36] north of the Pechenga Bight[34] 123♠ 123 28 June 1944 03:50 P-39[37] PQ 37 Ost SD-2/3[38]
99♠ 99 15 June 1944 19:13 P-40[36] northwest of the Pechenga Bight[34] 124♠ 124 28 June 1944 04:15 Yak-9[37] PQ 37 Ost RB-4/7, northwest of Pummanki[38]
100♠ 100 15 June 1944 19:14 P-40[36] west of Pummanki[34] 125♠ 125 28 June 1944 04:17 Yak-9[37] PQ 37 Ost RB-4/7, northwest of Pummanki[38]
101♠ 101 15 June 1944 19:15 P-40[36] southwest of Pummanki airfield[34] 126 126 4 July 1944 19:00 Boston[37] PQ 37 Ost SA-6/3[38]
15 June 1944
unknown[36] 127 127 4 July 1944 19:02 Boston[37] PQ 37 Ost SB-1/7[38]
102♠ 102 17 June 1944 07:43 P-40 southeast of Vårdö[36] 128 128 4 July 1944 19:03 P-39[37] PQ 37 Ost SB-2/3[38]
103♠ 103 17 June 1944 07:44 P-40 southeast of Vårdö[36] 129♠ 129 17 July 1944 19:05?[Note 18] Boston[40] PQ 37 Ost SB-1/4[41]
104♠ 104 17 June 1944 07:50 Il-2 southeast of Vårdö[36] 130♠ 130 17 July 1944 19:08 Boston east of Kirkenes[40]
105♠ 105 17 June 1944 07:52 Il-2 southeast of Vårdö[36] 131♠ 131 17 July 1944 19:10 Boston east of Kirkenes[40]
106♠ 106 17 June 1944 07:59 P-40 southeast of Kiberg[36] 132♠ 132 17 July 1944 19:13 P-39 west of Pechenga Bight[40]
107♠ 107 17 June 1944 08:02 Boston southeast of Kiberg[42] 133♠ 133 17 July 1944 19:14 P-39 west of Pechenga Bight[40]
108♠ 108 17 June 1944 08:04 Boston southeast of Vårdö[42] 134♠ 134 17 July 1944 19:19 P-39 northeast of Pechenga Bight[40]
109♠ 109 17 June 1944 21:02 P-39[42] west of Kirkenes[43] 135♠ 135 17 July 1944 19:21 P-39[40] southwest of Pummanki[41]
110♠ 110 17 June 1944 21:04 Il-2 north of Kirkenes[42] 136 136 21 July 1944 06:04 P-40 northeast of Havningsberg[40]
111♠ 111 17 June 1944 21:09 Il-2 southeast of Kirkenes[42] 137♠ 137 22 July 1944 12:16 P-39 east of Kirkenes[40]
112♠ 112 17 June 1944 21:12 Il-2 southeast of Kirkenes[42] 138♠ 138 22 July 1944 12:21 P-39[40] north of the King Oscar II Chapel[41]
113 113 18 June 1944 05:10 Spitfire northwest of Murmansk[42] 139♠ 139 22 July 1944 12:23 P-39 north of Pechenga Bight[40]
114 114 24 June 1944 04:00?[Note 19] Yak-9[42] northwest of Ura-Guba[43] 140♠ 140 22 July 1944 12:24 P-39[40] northwest of Heinäsaari[41]
115 115 27 June 1944 16:55 P-40 southwest of the King Oscar II Chapel[43]
northeast of Kirkenes[37]
141♠ 141 22 July 1944 12:32 P-39[40] southeast of Eyna Guba[41]
116 116 27 June 1944 16:58 P-40 northeast of Kirkenes[37] 142♠ 142 22 July 1944 12:35 P-40[40] east of Eyna Guba[41]
117 117 27 June 1944 17:00 P-39[37] northwest of the King Oscar II Chapel[43] 143♠ 143 22 July 1944 12:36 P-40[40] southeast of Rybachy Peninsula[41]
118 118 27 June 1944 17:03 P-39[37] north of the King Oscar II Chapel[43] 144 144 28 July 1944 12:50 P-39 south of Liza Bight[44]
119♠ 119 28 June 1944 00:02 P-39 northeast of Kirkenes[37] 145 145 28 July 1944 12:52 P-39 south of Liza Bight[44]
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 5 –[45]
146 146 17 August 1944 09:38 Yak-9[44] PQ 37 Ost SB-5/4[41] 160 160 17 September 1944 17:33 Yak-9[46] vicinity of Kiberg
147 147 17 August 1944 09:55 P-39[44] PQ 37 Ost RB-7/3[47] 161 161 17 September 1944 17:36 Yak-9[46]
148 148 17 August 1944 10:00 Boston[44] PQ 37 Ost RB-7/8[47] 162 162 17 September 1944 17:41 Yak-9[46] vicinity of Waido
149 149 17 August 1944 10:03 P-39[44] PQ 37 Ost RB-6/9[47] 163 163 17 September 1944 17:44 Yak-9[46]
150♠ 150 23 August 1944 12:03 Yak-9[44] PQ 37 Ost RB[47] 164 164 20 September 1944 15:31 Il-2 PQ 37 Ost SD-5/8[48]
151♠ 151 23 August 1944 12:58 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost RD, north of Pechenga[47] 165 165 20 September 1944 15:34 P-39 PQ 37 Ost SD-6/3[48]
152♠ 152 23 August 1944 13:01 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost RD, north of Pechenga[47] 166 166 25 September 1944 15:46 P-39 PQ 37 Ost TC-2/3[48]
153♠ 153 23 August 1944 13:03 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost RD, north of Pechenga[47] 167 167 25 September 1944 15:50 P-39 PQ 37 Ost TD-2/7[48]
154♠ 154 23 August 1944 16:44 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost TD[47] 168 168 25 September 1944 16:06 P-39 PQ 37 Ost RD-7/5, northeast of Kirkenes[48]
155 155 15 September 1944 07:05 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost RD-4/9[47] 169 169 25 September 1944 16:10 Il-2 PQ 37 Ost RC-8/3[48]
156 156 15 September 1944 07:20 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost RD-8/1[47] 170 170 27 September 1944 11:35 Boston PQ 37 Ost QA-4/1[48]
157 157 16 September 1944 12:06 Il-2[46] PQ 37 Ost SB-4/3[47] 171 171 27 September 1944 11:43 Boston[46] PQ 37 Ost QB-3/5[48]
158 158 16 September 1944 12:10 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost SB-3/4[47]
27 September 1944 11:45 Yak-9[46]
159 159 16 September 1944 16:28 P-39[46] PQ 37 Ost UB-3/3[47]
According to Schuck, aerial victories 172–196 were documented by the Kriegsmarine and later verified and confirmed by the Reichsluftfahrtministerium.[49]
197 172 16 February 1945 16:00 P-51 vicinity of Ålesund[50] 198 173 16 February 1945 16:10 P-51 vicinity of Ålesund[50]
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny" –[51]
199 174 24 March 1945 12:00 P-51 vicinity of Neumünster[52] 203 178 10 April 1945 14:30 B-17 vicinity of Oranienburg[53]
200 175 24 March 1945 12:05 P-51 vicinity of Neumünster[52] 204 179 10 April 1945 14:33 B-17 vicinity of Oranienburg[53]
201 176 28 March 1945
P-51 vicinity of Braunschweig[54] 205 180 10 April 1945 14:36 B-17 vicinity of Oranienburg[53]
202 177 7 April 1945 12:15 P-38 vicinity of Seesen[55] 206 181 10 April 1945 14:38 B-17 vicinity of Oranienburg[53]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ For a list of Luftwaffe Jet aces see List of German World War II jet aces
  2. ^ a b c d According to Mombeek claimed as an unknown fighter.[7]
  3. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:30.[5][12]
  4. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 09:12.[5][12]
  5. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Bell P-39 Airacobra.[17][16]
  6. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed a 13:07.[17][16]
  7. ^ a b c According to Mombeek, this aerial victory is unconfirmed, claimed at 13:07 as a Douglas A-20 Havoc, referred to as a Boston.[16]
  8. ^ a b According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:30 as an aircraft of unknown type.[5][20]
  9. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:25.[5][23]
  10. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:27.[5][23]
  11. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:26.[5][23]
  12. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 04:01.[5][26]
  13. ^ According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Schuck filed his 36th aerial victory over an aircraft of unknown type.[27] This claim is not listed by Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman.
  14. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:15.[5][26]
  15. ^ Cape Zyp Nowolok is the easternmost point on the Rybachy Peninsula.
  16. ^ According to Mombeek, Mathews and Foreman claimed at 18:40.[13][17]
  17. ^ According to Mombeek claimed as a Douglas A-20 Havoc "Boston".[37]
  18. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:06.[39]
  19. ^ According to Mombeek claimed at 04:05.[42]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ Toliver & Constable 1998, p. 373.
  2. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 328.
  3. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1178–1181.
  4. ^ Planquadrat.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1178.
  6. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 260.
  7. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 262.
  8. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 261.
  9. ^ a b c d Mombeek 2011, p. 263.
  10. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 264.
  11. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1178–1179.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Mombeek 2011, p. 267.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Mombeek 2011, p. 274.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2012, p. 314.
  15. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 309.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Mombeek 2011, p. 275.
  17. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1179.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2012, p. 310.
  19. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 277.
  20. ^ a b c d Mombeek 2011, p. 268.
  21. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2022, p. 142.
  22. ^ a b c d Mombeek 2011, p. 279.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mombeek 2011, p. 269.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h Mombeek 2011, p. 280.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2022, p. 143.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g Mombeek 2011, p. 270.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 311.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g Mombeek 2011, p. 281.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prien et al. 2012, p. 313.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mombeek 2011, p. 273.
  31. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 283.
  32. ^ a b Prien et al. 2022, p. 144.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mombeek 2011, p. 284.
  34. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2022, p. 145.
  35. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1179–1180.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mombeek 2011, p. 285.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Mombeek 2011, p. 287.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2022, p. 147.
  39. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1180.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Mombeek 2011, p. 289.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2022, p. 148.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mombeek 2011, p. 286.
  43. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2022, p. 146.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g Mombeek 2011, p. 290.
  45. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1180–1181.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Mombeek 2011, p. 291.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2022, p. 149.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2022, p. 150.
  49. ^ Schuck 2007, p. 245.
  50. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 294.
  51. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1181.
  52. ^ a b Boehme 1992, pp. 130–131.
  53. ^ a b c d Boehme 1992, pp. 160–161.
  54. ^ Boehme 1992, p. 134.
  55. ^ Boehme 1992, p. 154.

Bibliography[edit]

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