List of active duty United States four-star officers
(Redirected from List of United States four star officers)
There are currently 44 active-duty four-star officers in the uniformed services of the United States: 12 in the Army, three in the Marine Corps, nine in the Navy, 14 in the Air Force, three in the Space Force, two in the Coast Guard, and one in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. Of the eight federal uniformed services, the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps is the only service that does not have an established four-star position.
List of designated four-star positions
[edit]| Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) | .jpg)
|
General Charles Q. Brown Jr.[1] |
 U.S. Air Force |
|
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) | .jpg)
|
Admiral Christopher W. Grady[2] |
 U.S. Navy |
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
Other joint positions
[edit]| Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Guard | ||||
|
Chief of the National Guard Bureau (CNGB) |  |
General Steven S. Nordhaus[15][16] |
U.S. Air Force |
|
Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau (VCNGB) | 
|
Vacant[a] | |
| Sub-unified commands | ||||
   |
Korea Commander, United Nations Command (UNC), Commander, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command (CFC) and Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) |
|
General Paul J. LaCamera[17][18] Retiring[19] |
 U.S. Army |
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
| Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headquarters Marine Corps | ||||
|
Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) | 
|
General Eric M. Smith[32] |
 U.S. Marine Corps |
|
Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (ACMC) | .jpg)
|
General Christopher J. Mahoney[33] |
U.S. Marine Corps |
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
| Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office of the Chief of Space Operations | ||||
|
Chief of Space Operations (CSO) | 
|
General B. Chance Saltzman[52] |
 U.S. Space Force |
|
Vice Chief of Space Operations (VCSO) | 
|
General Michael A. Guetlein[53] |
U.S. Space Force |
| Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office of the Commandant | ||||
|
Commandant of the Coast Guard | 
|
Admiral Linda L. Fagan[54] |
 U.S. Coast Guard |
|
Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard | .jpg)
|
Admiral Kevin E. Lunday[55] |
U.S. Coast Guard |
| Position insignia | Position | Photo | Incumbent | Service branch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health | ||||
|
Assistant Secretary for Health (ASH)[d] | 
|
Admiral Rachel L. Levine[56] |
 U.S. Public Health Service |
List of pending appointments
[edit]| Designated position insignia | Designated position | Current position | Photo | Name | Service branch | Status and date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Commander, United Nations Command (UNC), Commander, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command (CFC) and Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) |
In transit |  |
Lieutenant General Xavier T. Brunson |
U.S. Army |
Confirmed by the Senate 24 September 2024[57][58] Date of rank 20 December 2024[59] |
  |
Commanding General, U.S. Army Europe and Africa (USAREUR-AF) and Commander, Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) |
Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps and Commanding General, Fort Liberty |
 |
Lieutenant General Christopher T. Donahue |
U.S. Army |
Placed on Senate Executive Calendar 19 November 2024[60][61] |
Statutory limits
[edit]
The U.S. Code explicitly limits the total number of four-star officers that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active-duty general or flag officers is capped at 219 for the Army, 150 for the Navy, 171 for the Air Force, 64 for the Marine Corps, and 21 for the Space Force.[62] For the Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Air Force, no more than 28%[e] of each service's active-duty general or flag officers may have more than two stars,[63] and statute sets the total number of four-star officers allowed in each service.[63] This is set at eight four-star Army generals,[63] six four-star Navy admirals,[63] nine four-star Air Force generals,[63] two four-star Marine generals,[63] two four-star Space Force generals,[63] and two four-star Coast Guard admirals.[64]
.jpg)
Several of these slots are reserved by statute. For the Army and the Air Force, the chief of staff[65][66] and the vice chief of staff[67][68] for both services are all four-star generals. For the Navy, the chief[69] and vice chief of naval operations[70] are both four-star admirals. For the Marine Corps, the commandant[71] and the assistant commandant[72] are both four-star generals. For the Space Force, the chief of space operations is a four-star general.[73][f] For the Coast Guard, the commandant[74] and the vice commandant[75] are both four-star admirals. And for the National Guard, the chief[76] and vice chief of the National Guard Bureau[77][78][79] are four-star generals under reserve active duty in the Army or Air Force. And for the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the assistant secretary for health[80] is a four-star admiral if they hold an active-duty appointment to the regular corps.
Exceptions
[edit]There are several exceptions to the limits allowing more than allotted four-star officers within the statute. Four-star officers serving as chairman[81] or vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff[81] do not count against their service's general- or flag-officer cap, likewise for joint positions such as the unified combatant commanders,[82] the commander of U.S. Forces Korea,[82] and the chief[83] and vice chief of the National Guard Bureau.[77][79] Officers serving in certain intelligence positions are also not counted against statutory limits, including the director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[84] The president can also appoint up to five additional four-star officers in any one service in excess of that service's four-star limit, as long as they are offset by reducing an equivalent number of four-stars from other services.[63] Finally, all statutory limits may be waived at the president's discretion during time of war or national emergency.[85]
Appointment
[edit]
Four-star rank and grade, are temporary in nature; officers may only achieve four stars if they are appointed to positions that require or allow the officer to hold the rank.[86] Their rank expires with the expiration of their term of office, which is usually set by statute.[86] Four-star officers are nominated for appointment by the president from any eligible officers holding a one-star rank or above, who also meets the other requirements for the position, under the advice or suggestion of their respective executive department secretary, service secretary, and if applicable the Joint Chiefs.[86] The nominee must be confirmed via majority by the Senate before they can take office and thus assume the rank.[86] The Senate, normally in committee,[g] may hold hearings to consider any nominee for appointment or reappointment to four-star rank,[87] but usually only convene for nominations of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, vice chairman, service chiefs,[h] the chief of the National Guard Bureau, unified combatant commanders, and the commander of U.S. Forces Korea.
It is extremely unusual for a four-star nominee to draw even token opposition in a Senate vote, either in committee or on the floor, because the administration usually withdraws or declines to submit nominations that draw controversy before or during the confirmation process.
- For example, upon encountering opposition in the Senate, the administration declined to submit nominations for General Joseph W. Ralston to be chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1997.[88]
- Lieutenant General Ricardo S. Sanchez was once the leading candidate to become commander of U.S. Southern Command in 2004. However, his name was never formally offered after members of the Senate Armed Services Committee took notice of his mismanagement of the Iraq War and the Abu Ghraib prison affair.[89]
- General David L. Goldfein was the leading candidate to replace General Joseph Dunford as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2019; however, due to disagreements between the secretary of defense and the president, the president disregarded the recommendation.[90][91]
- Lieutenant General Walter E. Piatt was once the leading candidate to take over as the commanding general of U.S. Army Futures Command in 2022.[92] Despite receiving recommendations from several top defense officials, his candidacy was rejected by the president,[93] due to his handling of the National Guard's deployment during the January 6 attacks on the Capitol.[92][93]
- The president withdrew the nomination of General Alexander Haig to be chief of staff of the Army in 1974, due to controversy regarding his role as the White House chief of staff at the peak of the Watergate scandal which caused the nomination to stall in the Senate.[94][95]
- General Peter Pace would have faced tough scrutiny from the Senate over the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan had he been nominated for reappointment as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 2007.[96]
- The president withdrew the nominations of Admiral Stanley R. Arthur to be commander in chief of U.S. Pacific Command in 1994,[97] and of General Gregory S. Martin to be commander of U.S. Pacific Command in 2004[98] over their handling of the Tailhook and Darleen Druyun scandals respectively.
.jpg)
When a doomed nomination is not withdrawn, the Senate typically does not hold a vote to reject the candidate, but instead allows the nomination to expire without action at the end of the legislative session.
- For example, the Senate declined to schedule a vote for the nomination of Lieutenant General James A. Abrahamson to the rank of general, while serving as director of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization in 1986.[99]
- The Senate also declined to vote on Lieutenant General Charles W. Bagnal's nomination to the rank of general, and as commanding general of U.S. Army Pacific in 1989.[100]
- Major General John D. Lavelle was nominated to be posthumously restored to the rank of general on the retired list in 2010, but the nomination also expired in the Senate without action.[101]
- And Rear Admiral Cristina V. Beato was nominated to be assistant secretary for health in 2003 but her nomination also was not placed on the Senate schedule for a vote.[102] Had Beato been confirmed and assumed office, she would have been the first woman in any uniformed service to achieve four stars; instead that honor went to General Ann E. Dunwoody.
Additionally, events that take place after confirmation may still delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office, necessitating that another nominee be selected and considered by the Senate.
- For example, Admiral William F. Moran was confirmed in May 2019 to be the chief of naval operations,[103] but abruptly retired[104] due to an investigation into his correspondence with a former subordinate accused of sexual harassment[105] and usage of his personal email for military purposes.[106] Consequently, Vice Admiral Michael M. Gilday was nominated for promotion to admiral and appointment as CNO,[107] for which he was confirmed and assumed office in August 2019.[108]
Command elevation and reduction
[edit]
_change_of_responsibility_event_Sept_120907-Z-DZ751-610.jpg)
Any billet in the armed forces may be designated as a position of importance requiring the position holder to be of three-star or four-star rank.[86] One-star and two-star billets may be elevated to three-star or four-star level as appropriate, either by act of Congress, or within statutory limits by the services at their discretion. Congress may propose such elevations or reductions to the president and Department of Defense.[109]
An officer leading a command or office elevated to four-star rank can be promoted while in their present position, reassigned to another office of equal rank, or retire if another nominee is selected as their replacement.
- For example, Lieutenant General Christopher G. Cavoli, commanding general of U.S. Army Europe, was nominated for promotion to general in 2020[110] concurrent with the merger of his command and U.S. Army Africa into U.S. Army Europe and Africa. He was promoted on 1 October 2020[111] and assumed command of the consolidated USAREUR-AF on 20 November.[112]
- Lieutenant General Francis J. Wiercinski could have been nominated for promotion to general when U.S. Army Pacific became a four-star command since in May 2013, he had more than 200 days remaining on his customary three-year tour. Lieutenant General Vincent K. Brooks was instead nominated for promotion,[113] and Wiercinski retired on 4 June 2013.[114]
A lower level billet may be elevated to four-stars to highlight importance to the overall defense apparatus or to achieve parity with equivalent commands in the same area of responsibility or service branch.
- For example, the statutory rank of the vice commandant of the Coast Guard was raised to admiral by the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2015, to align the leadership structure of the Coast Guard to that of the other armed services[115] and recognize the important role of the vice commandant at the national level.[115] The incumbent vice commandant, Vice Admiral Charles D. Michel, was confirmed for promotion to admiral,[116] and assumed rank on 1 June 2016.[117]
- The statutory rank of the chief of the National Guard Bureau was raised to general by the National Defense Authorization Act of 2008, with significant congressional support.[118] Lieutenant General Craig R. McKinley, then director of the Air National Guard, was confirmed for promotion to general,[119] and assumed rank and office on 17 November 2008.[120]
- The rank of the commander of Air Force Global Strike Command was announced for elevation to general in 2014,[121][122] in conjunction with Air Education and Training Command being reduced from a four-star to a three-star command.[123] General Robin Rand, outgoing commander of Air Education and Training Command, succeeded Lieutenant General Stephen W. Wilson as Global Strike commander on 28 July 2015,[124] with Lieutenant General Darryl Roberson succeeding him as Air Education and Training commander.[123]
Tour length
[edit]
The standard tour length for most four-star positions is three years, bundled as a two-year term plus a one-year extension, with the following exceptions:
- The chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff serve for a nominal four-year term.[125][126]
- Service chiefs of staff serve a nominal four-year term.[65][71][69][66][73][74]
- The chief and vice chief of the National Guard Bureau serve for a nominal four-year term.[83][78]
- The director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion serves for a nominal eight-year term.[127]
All appointees serve at the pleasure of the president. Extensions of the standard tour length can be approved, within statutory limits, by their respective service secretaries, the secretary of defense, the president, and/or Congress but these are rare, as they block other officers from being promoted. Some statutory limits of tour length under the U.S. Code can be waived in times of national emergency or war.[125][126] Four-star ranks may also be given by act of Congress but this is extremely rare.
Retirement
[edit]
Other than voluntary retirement, statute sets a number of mandates for retirement. Regular four-star officers must retire after 40 years of active commissioned service unless reappointed to rank to serve longer.[128] Reserve four-star officers must retire after five years in rank or 40 years of commissioned service, whichever is later, unless reappointed to rank to serve longer.[129] Otherwise all general and flag officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday.[130] However, the secretary of defense can defer a four-star officer's retirement until the officer's 66th birthday[130] and the president can defer it until the officer's 68th birthday.[130] Officers that served several years in the enlisted ranks prior to receiving their commission typically don't make it to the 40 years of commissioned service mark, because they are still subject to the age restrictions for retirement.
- For example, Admiral Michael G. Mullen was born on 4 October 1946; placed on active duty in 1968 and promoted to admiral on 23 August 2003. Ordinarily, he would have been expected to retire at the end of his four-year term as chief of naval operations in 2008 after 40 years of service. Instead, he was reappointed as an admiral and appointed as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 1 October 2007. He retired from the Navy after serving two, two-year terms as chairman on 1 October 2011, at the age of 65 with 43 years of service and eight years in rank.
- General James F. Amos was born on 12 November 1946; placed on active duty in 1970 and promoted to general on 3 July 2008. Ordinarily, he would have been expected to retire at the end of his two-year term as assistant commandant of the Marine Corps in 2010 after 40 years of service. Instead, he was reappointed as a general and appointed as commandant of the Marine Corps on 22 October 2010. He retired from the Marine Corps after completing his four-year term as commandant on 17 October 2014, at the age of 67 with 44 years of service and six years in rank.
- General Frank J. Grass was born on 19 May 1951; enlisted in the Missouri Army National Guard in October 1969 and received his commission in 1981. He was appointed as a general in the active duty reserves and assigned as chief of the National Guard Bureau on 7 September 2012. He remained on reserve active duty until he completed his four-year term as chief and retired from the Army on 3 August 2016, at 65 years of age with 35 years in commissioned service, 47 years of total service, and four years in rank.
Senior officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits, so as not to impede the upward career mobility of their juniors. Since there are a finite number of four-star slots available to each service, typically one officer must leave office before another can be promoted.[131] Once an officer vacates a position bearing that rank, they have no more than 60 days to be appointed or reappointed to a position of equal or greater importance before they are expected to retire.[86] Historically, officers leaving four-star positions were allowed to revert to their permanent two-star ranks to mark time in lesser jobs until statutory retirement, but now such officers are expected to retire immediately to avoid obstructing the promotion flow.
- For example, Vice Admiral Patrick M. Walsh was promoted to admiral and appointed as vice chief of naval operations in 2007. The incumbent vice chief, Admiral Robert F. Willard, was appointed as commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. The incumbent Pacific Fleet commander, Admiral Gary Roughead, was appointed as commander of U.S. Fleet Forces Command, whose incumbent commander, Admiral John B. Nathman, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 59, with 37 years of service and three years in rank.
- Lieutenant General Gary L. North was promoted to general and appointed as commander of Pacific Air Forces in 2009. The incumbent Pacific Air Forces commander, General Carrol Chandler, was appointed as vice chief of staff of the Air Force, while the incumbent vice chief, General William M. Fraser III, was appointed as commander of Air Combat Command, whose incumbent commander, General John D. W. Corley, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 58, with 36 years of service and four years in rank.
To retire at four-star rank, or pay grade of rank, an officer must accumulate at least three years of satisfactory active-duty service in that rank, as determined by the secretary of defense.[132] The president and Congress must also receive certification by the secretary of defense that the retiree served satisfactorily in rank.[132] The secretary of defense may reduce this requirement to two years, and the president may waive this requirement altogether, but only if the officer is not being investigated for misconduct.[132][133] Four-star officers who do not meet the service-in-rank requirement will revert to the next highest rank in which they served satisfactorily for at least six months which is normally the three-star rank.[132] Since three-star ranks are also temporary, if the retiree is also not certified by the secretary of defense or the president to retire as a three-star, the retiree will retire at the last permanent rank he or she satisfactorily held for six months.[132] The retiree may also be subject to congressional approval by the Senate before the retiree can retire in grade. It is rare for a four-star officer not to be certified to retire in grade or for the Senate to seek final approval.
- For example, when removed from office after less than the statutory time in grade, Generals Frederick F. Woerner[134] and Stanley A. McChrystal[135] were retired as full generals as certified by the president and were not subjected to senatorial confirmation.
- Admirals Husband E. Kimmel and Richard C. Macke were not certified to retire at three-star or four-star grade, and retired as two-star rear admirals.[136]
- General Kevin P. Byrnes had over two years in grade but was being investigated for misconduct, and retired as a lieutenant general.[137]
- In 1972 General John D. Lavelle was relieved for misconduct and certified to retire as a lieutenant general, but was rejected by a Senate Armed Services Committee vote of 14 to 2 and retired as a major general; in 2010 he was nominated posthumously for advancement to general on the retired list based on newly declassified evidence,[138] however as stated above, the Senate did not vote on the nomination and let it expire at the end of the Congressional session.[101]
- General Michael J. Dugan retired as a full general as certified by the president, but only after receiving approval from the Senate Armed Services Committee.[139]
- After achieving the statutory time in grade, Admirals Frank B. Kelso II and Henry H. Mauz Jr. were retired as full admirals, but only after going through a full senatorial confirmation vote of 54 to 43[140] and 92 to 6,[141] respectively.
Four-star officers who are under investigation for misconduct typically are not allowed to retire until the investigation completes, so that the Secretary of Defense can decide whether to certify that their performance was satisfactory enough to retire in their highest rank.[132][142]
- For example, an investigation by the Department of Defense comptroller held Generals Roger A. Brady and Stephen R. Lorenz in their four-star commands for up to 13 months beyond their originally scheduled retirements.[143]
- General William E. Ward relinquished his four-star command as scheduled, but remained on active duty in his permanent grade of major general pending an investigation by the Department of Defense inspector general,[142] before being allowed to retire as a lieutenant general over a year after his original scheduled retirement.[144]
- Admiral Samuel J. Locklear was held in his four-star command for months beyond his original scheduled retirement by the Navy's Consolidated Disposition Authority, while under investigation for the Fat Leonard corruption scandal before being cleared of any wrongdoing.[145]
Furthermore, retired four-star officers may still be subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and disciplinary action, including reduction in retirement rank, by the secretary of defense or the president if they are deemed to have served unsatisfactorily in rank, post-retirement.[146]
- General David H. Petraeus, who had retired from the Army as a four-star general on 31 August 2011, faced punitive action from the secretary of defense over four years past his retirement date for mishandling classified materials while serving as the commander of the International Security Assistance Force and U.S. Forces Afghanistan.[147] He was allowed to retain his four-star rank in retirement with the recommendation of the secretary of the Army[146] and strong support from members of the Senate Armed Services Committee.[148]
- General Arthur J. Lichte, who had retired from the Air Force as a four-star general on 1 January 2010, received a letter of reprimand from the secretary of the Air Force for sexually assaulting a subordinate female officer on multiple occasions, over six years after his retirement date.[149] The secretary of defense withdrew Lichte's certification of satisfactory service,[150] and reduced his retirement grade to major general,[150] which the Air Force determined was his last permanent rank he served in satisfactorily.[150] Lichte could have faced charges under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, however since the allegations were not reported or investigated until over five years past when they occurred, the statute of limitations bars having charges being brought up for prosecution.[149]
Four-star officers typically step down from their posts up to 60 days in advance of their official retirement dates. Officers retire on the first day of the month, so once a retirement month has been selected, the relief and retirement ceremonies are scheduled by counting backwards from that date by the number of days of accumulated leave remaining to the retiring officer. During this period, termed transition leave or terminal leave, the officer is considered to be awaiting retirement but still on active duty.
- For example, General Michael W. Hagee was relieved as commandant of the Marine Corps on 13 November 2006, and held his retirement ceremony the same day, but remained on active duty until his official retirement date on 1 January 2007.
A statutory limit can be waived by the president with the consent of Congress if it serves national interest. However, this is extremely rare.
- For example, the record for the longest tenure in any service is held by General Lewis B. Hershey who enlisted in the Indiana Army National Guard in 1911 at the age of 18. He was called up for federal active duty during World War I, receiving a commission in 1916, and subsequently transferred to the regular army at the end of the war. He served in active duty in the Army until the age of 80 before being involuntarily retired in 1973 after 62 years of continuous service.
- Admiral Hyman G. Rickover is listed as serving for 63 years in the Navy from 1918 to 1982. However his service reflects a time when attending any military academy was considered active duty service due in part from World War I.[151] In today's military rules and regulations, an officer who initially begins their career through a military academy does not begin their service until upon receiving their commission after graduation, even though they are subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice while attending the academy.
See also
[edit]- List of United States military leaders by rank
- List of United States Army four-star generals
- List of United States Marine Corps four-star generals
- List of United States Navy four-star admirals
- List of United States Air Force four-star generals
- List of United States Space Force four-star generals
- List of United States Coast Guard four-star admirals
- List of United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps four-star admirals
- List of active duty United States three-star officers
- List of active duty United States Army major generals
- List of active duty United States Marine Corps major generals
- List of active duty United States rear admirals
- List of active duty United States Air Force major generals
- List of active duty United States Space Force general officers
- List of current United States National Guard major generals
- List of active duty United States senior enlisted leaders and advisors
- Staff (military)
Notes
[edit]- ^ The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 elevated the vice chief of the National Guard Bureau to the grade of general.
- ^ Historically, the Director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program is held by an officer in the Navy, however 50 U.S.C. § 2511 – Executive Order No. 12344, states a civilian can be appointed to that position without joining or being a serving member of the Navy.
- ^ By statute, 50 U.S.C. § 2406, any person serving as Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program also concurrently serves as the National Nuclear Security Administration's Deputy Administrator, Naval Reactors.
- ^ The position of Assistant Secretary of Health has historically been held by either a civilian or an officer in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.
- ^ Dividing the total number of allotted general and flag officers above two stars (175) from the total number of general and flag officers overall (625) is 28.00%.
- ^ The U.S. Code does not provide for a statutory grade for the vice chief of space operations, a four-star Space Force general.
- ^ Department of Defense nominees are considered by the Senate Armed Services Committee, Coast Guard nominees are considered by the Senate Commerce Committee, and the director of the National Security Agency is considered by the Senate Intelligence Committee.
- ^ This refers to the chiefs of staff of the Army and Air Force, commandant of the Marine Corps, chief of naval operations, chief of space operations and the commandant of the Coast Guard.
References
[edit]- ^ "General Charles Q. Brown Jr". U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Adm. Christopher W. Grady". Joint Chiefs of Staff. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Gen. Michael Langley, U.S. Marine Corps". U.S. Africa Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander, General Michael E. Kurilla". U.S. Central Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander, USCYBERCOM". U.S. Cyber Command. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "Timothy D. Haugh". National Security Agency/Central Security Service. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ "Gen. Christopher G. Cavoli, U.S. Army". U.S. European Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command". U.S. Indo-Pacific Command. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Shinn, Mary (5 February 2024). "Outgoing NORAD, Northern Command general highlights ongoing threats, internal strife". The Gazette. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- ^ "Adm. Alvin Holsey". U.S. Southern Command. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ "General Stephen N. Whiting". U.S. Space Command. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ "Commander, USSOCOM, General Bryan P. Fenton". U.S. Special Operations Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander". U.S. Strategic Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "General Randall Reed" (PDF). U.S. Transportation Command. Office of Public Affairs, U.S. Transportation Command. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "General Steven S. Nordhaus". National Guard Bureau. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ "Incoming Guard Chief Promoted Following Confirmation". National Guard Bureau. Arlington, Virginia. 2 October 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ "Commander". United Nations Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander UNC/CFC/USFK". U.S. Forces Korea. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "To consider the nominations of: Lieutenant General Randall Reed, USAF to be general and Commander, United States Transportation Command; and Lieutenant General Xavier T. Brunson, USA to be general and Commander, United Nations Command/Combined Forces Command/United States Forces Korea". U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services. Hart Senate Office Building. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ Sword, Michael (21 September 2023). "Army Gen. Randy George sworn in as 41st Army Chief of Staff". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. Alaska: 11th Airborne Division. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ^ "General James J. Mingus". U.S. Army. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- ^ "General Andrew P. Poppas". U.S. Army Forces Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "General James E. Rainey" (PDF). U.S. Army. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Leaders". U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Army University Leadership". Army University. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "U.S. Army Europe and Africa Command Biography". U.S. Army Europe and Africa. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander". Allied Land Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "General Ronald P. Clark (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
- ^ Winkie, Davis (22 March 2024). "General suspended for alleged meddling in ex-assistant's command board". Army Times. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ Beynon, Steve (22 March 2024). "Army 4-Star Who Pressured Panel to Help Career of Unfit Officer Suspended, Facing Pentagon Investigation". Military.com. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ Beynon, Steve (22 August 2024). "Suspended Army 4-Star Asks for Command Back After Pressuring Panel to Prop Up Career of Unfit Subordinate". Military.com. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Commandant of the Marine Corps". U.S. Marine Corps. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ "37th Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps". U.S. Marine Corps. 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
- ^ "Admiral Lisa Franchetti". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "SECNAV Del Toro Statement on the Swearing-In of Adm. Lisa Franchetti as 33rd Chief of Naval Operations". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. Washington, D. C.: Office of the Secretary of the Navy. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Admiral James Kilby". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ "Admiral William Houston". U.S. Navy. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "ADM. DARYL CAUDLE". U.S. Fleet Forces Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander, Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC)". U.S. Strategic Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Adm. Stuart B. Munsch". U.S. Naval Forces Europe and Africa / U.S. Sixth Fleet. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Commander". Allied Joint Force Command Naples. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Admiral Stephen T. "Web" Koehler". U.S. Pacific Fleet. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "General David W. Allvin". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ Hadley, Greg; Gordon, Chris (2 November 2023). "USAF's New Chief: Allvin Confirmed as Air Force's 23rd Chief of Staff". Air & Space Forces Magazine. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ^ "General James C. "Jim" Slife". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "General Kenneth S. Wilsbach". Air Combat Command. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
- ^ "General Thomas A. Bussiere". Air Force Global Strike Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "General Duke Z. Richardson". Air Force Materiel Command. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "General John D. Lamontagne". Air Mobility Command. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
- ^ "General Kevin B. Schneider". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
- ^ "General James B. Hecker". U.S. Air Force. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "General B. Chance Saltzman". U.S. Space Force. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "General Michael A. Guetlein". U.S. Space Force. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ "Commandant of the Coast Guard". U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard". U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Admiral Rachel L. Levine". Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ "PN2042 — Lt. Gen. Xavier T. Brunson — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 9 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ^ "General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ^ "Lieutenant General Xavier T. Brunson (USA)". General Officer Management Office. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ "PN2157 — Lt. Gen. Christopher T. Donahue — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S. Congress. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
- ^ "General Officer Announcements". U.S. Department of Defense. 15 November 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "10 U.S.C. § 525 – Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades". United States Code. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ 14 U.S.C. § 301 – Grades and ratings
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 7033 – Chief of Staff
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 9033 – Chief of Staff
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 7034 – Vice Chief of Staff
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 9034 – Vice Chief of Staff
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 8033 – Chief of Naval Operations
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 8035 – Vice Chief of Naval Operations
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 8043 – Commandant of the Marine Corps
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 8044 – Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 9082 – Chief of Space Operations. A four-star grade is set by statute for the chief of space operations, equivalent to that of general in the Army, Air Force and Marine Corps or admiral in the Navy.
- ^ a b 14 U.S.C. § 302 – Commandant; appointment.
- ^ 14 U.S.C. § 304 – Vice commandant; appointment.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 10502 – Chief of the National Guard Bureau: appointment; adviser on National Guard matters; grade; succession.
- ^ a b "10 USC 10505: Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau". United States Code. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 10505 - Vice Chief of the National Guard Bureau
- ^ a b "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024". Congress.gov. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ 42 U.S.C. § 207 – Grades, ranks, and titles of commissioned corps.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 664 – Length of joint duty assignments
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 604 – Senior joint officer positions: recommendations to the Secretary of Defense.
- ^ a b – Chief of the National Guard Bureau: appointment; adviser on National Guard matters; grade; succession
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 528 – Officers serving in certain intelligence positions: military status; exclusion from distribution and strength limitations; pay and allowances.
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 527 – Authority to suspend sections 523, 525, and 526.
- ^ a b c d e f 10 U.S.C. § 601 – Positions of importance and responsibility: generals and lieutenant generals; admirals and vice admirals.
- ^ "Standing Rules of the Senate" (PDF). United States Senate. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office. 4 November 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Henneberger, Melinda; Becker, Elizabeth (4 August 1999). "For a Scandal-Scarred General, the Gleam Appears to Be Back on the Brass (Published 1999)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ Hendern, John (15 October 2004). "4-Star Plans After Abu Ghraib". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ Lanteaume, Sylvie (8 December 2018). "Trump chooses new Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman, against Mattis wishes". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ Lamothe, Dan (5 August 2020). "Gen. David Goldfein, bypassed to be Trump's top military adviser, retires". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ a b Judson, Jen (7 September 2022). "US Army nominates new Futures Command chief". Military Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
- ^ a b Crosse, Jacob (30 October 2022). "Pentagon recommends promoting general involved in delay of National Guard to US Capitol on January 6". World Socialist Web Site. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
- ^ Haig, Alexander Meigs (1 September 1992). Inner Circles: How America Changed the World: A Memoir. Charles McCarry. New York, NY: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-51571-X. OCLC 26015165.
- ^ Woodward, Bob (6 June 2000). Shadow: Five Presidents and the Legacy of Watergate. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-85262-4. OCLC 41523882.
- ^ Shanker, Thom (9 June 2007). "Chairman of Joint Chiefs Will Not Be Reappointed (Published 2007)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ "Clinton Selects Admiral to Lead Forces in Pacific (Published 1994)". The New York Times. 2 July 1994. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ Kakesako, Gregg K. (7 October 2004). "General pulls plug on Camp Smith job". Starbulletin.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ Gordon, Michael R. (28 September 1988). "General Quitting as Project Chief for Missile Shield". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ "PN234 — Lt. Gen. Charles W. Bagnal — Army, 100th Congress (1987-1988)". U.S. Congress. 9 April 1987. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Zucchino, David (23 December 2010). "Fight to vindicate general dies in the Senate". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ Connolly, Ceci (10 June 2004). "Top Health Official Awaits Hearing on Nomination Questions Raised About Entries on Resume". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ "PN601 — Adm. William F. Moran — Navy, 116th Congress (2019-2020)". U.S. Congress. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (8 July 2019). "Navy Admiral Slotted for Top Role Abruptly Announces Retirement". The New York Times. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022.
- ^ Ziezulewicz, Geoff (29 August 2019). "Here's why Adm. Bill Moran didn't become the Navy's next CNO". Navy Times.
- ^ "DODIG-2019-117: Report of Investigation: William F. Moran, Admiral, U.S. Navy" (PDF). U.S. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense. 28 August 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Faram, Mark (7 August 2019). "Inside the historic decision to deep-select the Navy's top officer". Navy Times.
- ^ "PN962 — Vice Adm. Michael M. Gilday — Navy, 116th Congress (2019-2020)". U.S. Congress. 17 July 2019. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ U.S. Special Operations Command: Challenges and Opportunities. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 21 September 2010. p. 42. ISBN 9780160865350. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "PN2080 — Lt. Gen. Christopher G. Cavoli — Army, 116th Congress (2019-2020)". U.S. Congress. 1 July 2020. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Judson, Jen (8 October 2020). "US Army Europe and US Army Africa to merge as commander pins on fourth star". Defense News.
- ^ "US Army Europe, Africa now consolidated". U.S. European Command. U.S. Army Europe and Africa. 23 November 2020. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "PN144 — Lt. Gen. Vincent K. Brooks — Army, 113th Congress (2013-2014)". U.S. Congress. 7 February 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Mack, Crista (5 June 2013). "US Army Pacific Commanding General Retires". U.S. Army. Fort Shafter, Hawaii: 311th Signal Command. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b "Coast Guard receives second four-star Admiral". Coast Guard News. Washington, D.C. 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "PN1296 — Vice Adm. Charles D. Michel — Coast Guard, 114th Congress (2015-2016)". U.S. Congress. 4 April 2016. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Eckstein, Megan (2 June 2016). "Coast Guard Adm. Michel Promoted As Vice Commandant Billet Becomes A Four-Star Job". USNI News. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "On Raising the Rank of the Chief of the National Guard Bureau" (PDF). Library of Congress. Library of Congress. February 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "PN1979 — Lt. Gen. Craig R. McKinley — Air Force, 110th Congress (2007-2008)". U.S. Congress. 2 October 2008. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Smith, Mike (18 November 2008). "Guard's first 4-star general ready to take Minutemen forward". U.S. Air Force. Arlington, Virginia: National Guard Bureau Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Air Force recommends four-star position for Global Strike Command". U.S. Air Force. 28 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Schanz, Marc (1 August 2014). "Global Strike Evolution". Air & Space Forces Magazine. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b Everstine, Brian (24 April 2015). "3-star nominated to head Air Education and Training Command". Air Force Times. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ Beach, Curt (28 July 2015). "Rand takes command of AFGSC". Air Force Global Strike Command. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 152 – Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
- ^ a b 10 U.S.C. § 154 – Vice Chairman
- ^ 50 U.S.C. § 2511 – Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program - Ex. Ord. No. 12344
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 636 – Retirement for years of service: regular officers in grades above brigadier general and rear admiral (lower half).
- ^ – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
- ^ a b c 10 U.S.C. § 1253 – Age 64: regular commissioned officers in general and flag officer grades; exception
- ^ Doubleday, Michael (6 June 1996). "DoD News Briefing on Thursday, June 6, 1996 - Retirement of Admiral Leighton W. Smith Jr". DefenseLink. Archived from the original on 29 October 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f 10 U.S.C. § 1370 – Commissioned officers: general rule; exceptions
- ^ Gearan, Anne (28 June 2010). "Cashiered general tells Army he'll retire". San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ Halloran, Richard; Times, Special To the New York (21 July 1989). "U.S. Military Chief Is Replaced In the Central American Region". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
- ^ O'Keefe, Ed (29 June 2010). "Stanley McChrystal to retire with four-star rank". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
- ^ Kakesako, Gregg K. (9 April 1996). "Macke still paying for rape remark". Starbulletin.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ "Congressional Record, 18 October 2005 - H8917. Executive communications, etc" (PDF). U.S. Government Publishing Office. 18 October 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Casey, Aloysius; Casey, Patrick (February 2007), "Lavelle, Nixon, and the White House Tapes", Air Force Magazine, vol. 90, no. 2; Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) (4 August 2010), Lavelle Posthumously Nominated to General, U.S. Department of Defense, archived from the original on 28 August 2010
- ^ Knight-Ridder News Service (31 October 1990). "Senate panel opposes increase in fired Air Force chief's pension". The Baltimore Sun. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 103rd Congress - 2nd Session". United States Senate. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
Senate confirmation vote for Admiral Frank B. Kelso II to be retired in the rank of admiral.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 103rd Congress - 2nd Session". United States Senate. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
Senate confirmation vote for Admiral Henry H. Mauz to be retired in the rank of admiral.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Vandiver, John (28 May 2012). "Former AFRICOM chief Ward still on active duty pending probe". Stars and Stripes. Stuttgart, Germany. Archived from the original on 6 September 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
- ^ Church, Aaron M. U. (1 February 2011). "Air Force World - Everyone Is Accountable". Air & Space Forces Magazine. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
- ^ Miles, Donna (14 November 2012), "Panetta: Ward Ruling Recognizes High Standard for Leaders", American Forces Press Service via Defense.gov, archived from the original on 28 July 2022 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Cavas, Christopher P. (29 March 2015). "PACOM Chief Locklear To Be Cleared in 'Fat Leonard' Probe". Defense News. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ a b Goldman, Adam; Whitlock, Craig (7 December 2015). "Army recommends no further punishment for Petraeus". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ^ Goldman, Adam (25 January 2016). "How David Petraeus avoided felony charges and possible prison time". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ^ Goldman, Adam; Whitlock, Craig (30 January 2016). "Pentagon won't punish David Petraeus any further in sex-and-secrets scandal". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
- ^ a b Pawlyk, Oriana (1 February 2017). "Retired General Demoted 2 Ranks After Sexual Assault Investigation". Military.com. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ^ a b c Vanden Brook, Tom (1 February 2017). "Air Force busts retired four-star general down two ranks for coerced sex". USA Today. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
- ^ Holzwarth, Larry (31 March 2022). "This Cantankerous Engineer Built the United States Nuclear Navy". historycollection.com. History Collection. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
| |||||||||||||
| Leadership |
| ||||||||||||
| Components |
| ||||||||||||
| Structure | |||||||||||||
| Operations and history |
| ||||||||||||
| Personnel |
| ||||||||||||
| Equipment |
| ||||||||||||
United States uniformed services commissioned officer and officer candidate ranks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
