Hybrid paper-polymer banknote
A hybrid paper-polymer banknote or Composite Substrate is a banknote made from a mixture of paper and polymer substance.
Hybrid banknotes are essentially a paper banknote with a polymer patch. A polymer patch/band is applied vertically over the entire height of paper banknote, thus creating a clear window. The height of the polymer window generally measures 74 mm depending on the height of the banknote × 16 mm. Its thickness is 25 microns. Bulgaria was the first country to produce a hybrid paper polymer banknote, in a denomination of 20 Bulgarian Leva in 2005.[1]
Manufactures of hybrid banknotes include Giesecke+Devrient's Hybrid[2] and Varifeye,[3] De La Rue's Optiks,[4] Louisenthal's Hybrid,[5] Landqart AG's DuraSafe[6] and Banque de France's EverFit.[7]
The countries and monetary unions which use hybrid banknotes include:
- Armenia[8]
- Russia[9]
- Morocco[10]
- Qatar[11]
- Switzerland[12]
- Burundi[13]
- Jamaica[14]
- Eswatini[15]
- Tonga[16]
- South Africa[17]
- Seychelles[18]
- Lesotho[19]
- Bermuda[20]
- Oman[21]
- Bulgaria[1]
- Fiji[1]
- United Kingdom (Scotland)[22]
- Kazakhstan[1]
- Iceland[23]
- Iraq[24]
- the EU[25]
- Bhutan[26]
- Madagascar[27]
- Mauritania[28]
- Tajikistan[29]
- Zimbabwe[30]
- Bahamas[31]
- Latvia[1]
- Solomon Islands[32]
- Papua New Guinea[33]
- Cambodia[34]
- Comoros[35]
- UAE[36]
- C.CFA[37]
- Suriname[38]
- Malaysia[39]
Gallery
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Cambodia 15000 Riel in Landqart AG's DuraSafe. -
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References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Netra, Pal Singh (April 2008). "Polymer Banknotes – A Viable Alternative to Paper Banknotes". Asia-Pacific Business Review – via Research gate.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Hybrid, Banknote Producer. "Giesecke+Devrient". Giesecke+Devrient.
- ^ Hybrid, Banknote Producer. "Giesecke+Devrient". Giesecke+Devrient.
- ^ Hybrid, Banknote Producer. "De La Rue". De La Rue.
- ^ Hybrid, Banknote Producer. "Louisenthal". Louisenthal.
- ^ Hybrid, Banknote Producer. "Landqart AG". Landqart AG.
- ^ Hybrid, Banknote Producers (20 September 2020). "Banque de France". Banknote News.
- ^ Armenian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Armenia". armenpress.am.
- ^ Russian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Russia". Numista.
- ^ Moroccan, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Morocco". Numista.
- ^ Qatari, Hybrid Polymer Banknotes. "Hybrid Banknote of Qatar". Numista.
- ^ Swiss, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Switzerland". Numista.
- ^ Burundian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Burundi". Numista.
- ^ Jamaican, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Jamaica". Numista.
- ^ Eswatinian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Eswatini". Numista.
- ^ Tongan, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Tonga". Numista.
- ^ South African, Hybrid Polymer Banknote (July 2018). "Hybrid Banknote of South Africa". Louisenthal.
- ^ Seychelles, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Seychelles". Numista.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Bermudan, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Bermuda". Numista.
- ^ Omani, Hybrid Polymer Banknotes. "Hybrid Banknote of Oman". Numista. Archived from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
- ^ Scottish, Hybrid Polymer Banknote (16 June 2014). "Hybrid Banknote of Scotland". BBC News.
- ^ Icelandic, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Iceland". Numista.
- ^ Iraqi, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Iraq". Numista.
- ^ EU, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of EU". Numista.
- ^ Bhutanese, Hybrid Polymer Banknotes. "Hybrid Banknote of Bhutan". Numista.
- ^ Madagascarian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Madagascar". Numista.
- ^ Mauritanian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Mauritania". Numizon.
- ^ TajikistanI, Hybrid Polymer Banknote (2018). "Hybrid Banknote of Tajikistan". Louisenthal.
- ^ Zimbabwean, Hybrid Polymer Banknote (May 2020). "Hybrid Banknote of Zimbabwe". Stevenbron.nl.
- ^ Bahamian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote (June 9, 2017). "Hybrid Banknote of Bahamas". Central Banking.
- ^ Solomon Islands, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Solomon Islands". Numista.
- ^ Papua new Guinean, Hybrid Polymer Banknotes. "Hybrid Banknote of Papua new Guinea". Numista.
- ^ Cambodian, Hybrid Polymer Banknotes. "Hybrid Banknote of Cambodia". Landqart AG.
- ^ Comorian, Hybrid Polymer Banknotes (20 September 2020). "Hybrid Banknotes of Comoros". Banknote News.
- ^ Emirati, Hybrid Polymer Banknotes. "Hybrid Banknote of UAE". IC press.
- ^ Hybrid, Polymer Banknote of C.CFA (30 April 2015). "Hybrid Banknote of C. CFA". Banknote News.
- ^ Hybrid, Polymer Banknote of Suriname (14 April 2014). "Hybrid Banknote of Suriname". Banknote News.
- ^ Malaysian, Hybrid Polymer Banknote. "Hybrid Banknote of Malaysia". BNM.
