HarmonyOS NEXT

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HarmonyOS NEXT
HarmonyOSNEXTlogo
DeveloperHuawei
Written inC, C++, JS, ArkTS, Cangjie,[1] Rust, Assembly language
OS family
Working stateIn Development
Source modelClosed, with open source components
Initial releaseAugust 4, 2023; 8 months ago (2023-08-04)
Latest previewHarmonyOS NEXT (5.0/5.0.0) Developer Preview 2 [External Beta] (2.0.0.66 - Canary Build) / (April 2, 2024; 25 days ago (2024-04-02))
Marketing targetEmbedded systems, Internet of Things, Internet of vehicles, Edge computing, wireless routers, smartphones, tablet computers, smart TVs, smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart speakers, personal computers, Laptops, mixed reality headsets, virtual reality headsets, wireless earbuds, wireless headphones, wearable devices, augmented reality headsets, smart printers, interactive whiteboards, E-readers, cars, smart homes, enterprise, industry, Consumer electronics
Update methodOver-the-air
Package manager.app
Platforms64-bit ARM, RISC-V, x86, x64, Lingxi
Kernel typeKernel subsystem: HarmonyOS kernel (Microkernel)
UserlandSystem Service Layer (OpenHarmony user mode)[2]
Influenced byAndroid (EMUI), Apple OSes (GUI), Deepin, EulerOS (Desktop), LiteOS, Genode, HelenOS, iTrustee (TEE) (kernel), Minix, HarmonyOS, OpenHarmony, Webinos
Default
user interface		HarmonyOS Design (Design System) (multi-touch, GUI)
LicenseCommercial software, Proprietary software except for open-source components
Preceded byLiteOS, EMUI, Android and Microsoft Windows
Official websitedeveloper.huawei.com/consumer/cn/next
Support status
Supported
Articles in the series
HarmonyOS version history

HarmonyOS NEXT (Chinese: 鸿蒙星河版; pinyin: Hóngméng Xīnghébǎn) is a proprietary distributed operating system and an iteration of HarmonyOS, developed by Huawei to support only HarmonyOS native apps. The operating system is primarily aimed at software and hardware developers that deal directly with Huawei. It does not include Android's AOSP core and is incompatible with Android applications.[3][4]

While on the one hand discarding the common Unix-like Linux kernel, the NEXT version also replaces the old HarmonyOS multikernel and is built on a custom version of OpenHarmony and Oniro OS. The rich execution environment (REE) version of HarmonyOS microkernel is placed at its core with a single framework as kernel mode; also the new kernel architecture built on OpenHarmony and it's kernel abstraction layer as user mode, which the OS itself shares lineage with lightweight LiteOS real time operating system for resource-constrained devices like wearables and IoT products.[5]

The first internal preview version of the system was revealed on August 4, 2023, and the first preview version was released to registered public developers on January 18, 2024.[4]

The devices tested on the developer preview version of the system were the Mate 60, Mate 60 Pro, and Mate X5 phones in the first batch.[6]

History[edit]

On August 4, 2023, at Huawei Developers Conference 2023 (HDC), Huawei officially announced HarmonyOS NEXT, the next version of HarmonyOS, supporting only native APP apps via Ark Compiler and native APIs in HarmonyOS SDK.[7]

The kernel of HarmonyOS NEXT does not include the compatibility layer of AOSP framework with Android libraries from EMUI in the user space and cannot run Android apk apps natively, as is the case with the dual framework HarmonyOS.[8][9]

On August 4, 2023, the developer preview version of HarmonyOS NEXT was opened for cooperating enterprise developers, and on January 18, 2024, to the rest of developers to build and test native mobile apps. The beta version was expected to be launched in Q2 2024, and the commercial version to be made available in Q4 2024. It has been revealed by Huawei that HarmonyOS NEXT system stack development goes back as far as 2015 after R&D incubation of HarmonyOS development in 2012.[10][11]

Software version history[edit]

See also: HarmonyOS version history
See also: OpenHarmony § Software development

HarmonyOS Galaxy Edition (Star River) [5.0.0 - OpenHarmony 5.0] (API version 12)

August 4, 2023 (API 9) OpenHarmony Developer Preview 1 for HarmonyOS NEXT internal cooperative developers, for native software development. January 2024 Developer Preview 1 Beta for public registered developers (API 10), Q2 Developer Beta (API 11), and Commercial (API 12) stable builds:

At the HarmonyOS Developer event in China, Huawei announced that the developer preview version of Harmony Next, the third generation of HarmonyOS operating system based on custom OpenHarmony L0-L2 branch source code, was open for application development, alongside the release of the beta version to enterprise developers on January 18, 2024. The beta version of HarmonyOS Next will be launched in Q2 of 2024 to all unregistered public developers, while a commercial version on specific devices will be released to all users in Q4 of 2024.

Software architecture and framework features[edit]

HarmonyOS NEXT Architecture
  • Native refinement of the system, application, fluency, security, intelligence, and native interconnection.
  • Full-stack, self-developed HarmonyOS NEXT core operating system integrated that includes:
  • Native in-house Cangjie programming language alongside ArkTS as primary programming languages support for native HarmonyOS system and kernel
  • AOSP system and Linux kernel of EMUI system userland on System Service Layer removed from native compatibility on phones and tablets alongside some other devices via native OpenHarmony user mode.
  • Primary HarmonyOS native app file package, APP for HarmonyOS apps only
  • Native Package management subsystem[12]
  • Refined and primary native in-house Ark Engine multimedia API graphics stack system that comes with ArkGraphics 2D and ArkGraphics 3D with Cangjie support across all devices with developer access[13]
  • Linux and LiteOS RTOS base on wearables, phones, tablets on System Service Layer replaced with self-developed REE verison of HarmonyOS kernel, Microkernel architecture.[14]
  • API 10, 11 features bundled
  • New API 12 features
  • HarmonyOS NEXT SDK with previous classic HarmonyOS SDK API levels, alongside full standard OpenHarmony SDK development kit access support conglomerated in a complete and comprehensive in-house HarmonyOS SDK API 12, in a form of full development kit.
  • PC mode when keyboard used on MatePads and phone docked
  • Native PC support
  • Native HarmonyOS API apps adapted to PC support
  • Native Generative Edge AI computing API system features for Edge Computing
  • Native Generative AI and Multimodal learning LLM Voice Assistant Celia/XiaoYi [China & Global] - Powered by Huawei Pangu AI model, supports Chinese and English with Celia Proactive Suggestions and Developers can add Celia Voice services to their atomic services improvements and applications.
  • Native device-side AI support for training interface and ArkTS interface for NNRt (Neural Network Runtime) backend configurations via MindSpore framework
  • OpenHarmony versioning core baseline of HarmonyOS NEXT system underlining the HarmonyOS operating system baseline versioning
  • OpenHarmony user mode contains the kernel abstract layer that wraps the Linux syscall compatible layer via POSIX compatible, third-party musl from LiteOS lineage for HarmonyOS NEXT system kernel, in-house Microkernel.
  • OpenHarmony Device Connector (HDC) native support, a command line tool for connecting and debugging HarmonyOS devices as well as OpenHarmony devices in interoperability, including self debugging on PC-side. Replaces Android Debug Bridge on classic dual-framework OpenHarmony L3-L5 based EMUI and HarmonyOS AOSP userland base. [15]
  • Exclusive to in-house Kirin and HiSilicon chips optimisation and adaptation alongside selected Snapdragon legacy chips
  • New visual graphical interfaces based on Neumorphism and Glassmorphism design language trend, visual elements on HarmonyOS Design language system for Spatial computing
  • New Control Panel interface.
  • New and refined notification and lockscreen interface.
  • New volume control design.
  • New native File and Photos picker app and interface.
  • New bundled HarmonyOS native system apps.
  • Native HarmonyOS settings app and OTA system
  • Modified native Task Switcher interface for PC, phones, tablets and foldables
  • Native smart app background and foreground management system
  • Live Window UX improvements and developer APIs kit support for native third-party HarmonyOS apps
  • Native developer and app kits support
  • New native AppGallery app designed for installation of native HarmonyOS apps only.
  • WebView component based on the ArkWeb browser engine.[16]
  • Next generation NearLink 2.0 support
  • New Permission application system with AI, Capability-based security REE kernel features, alongside native OpenHarmony-based Access token manager[17] implements unified app permission management on Core File Kit, departure from previous versions of HarmonyOS with AOSP framework[18]
  • Advanced native multitasking and Task switching system
  • Native Push API system
  • Continuity of applications between devices via native Distributed Package Management Service (DBMS) from Distribution Service Kit API.[19]
  • Spatial computing support[20]
  • Native Spatial Audio support in Audio Kit API[21]

HarmonyOS NEXT compiled versions of its software versions in software development since August 4, 2023.

HarmonyOS NEXT releases
System version OS version OpenHarmony L0-L2 version (API Level) Information Release date
HarmonyOS NEXT (3.1) Developer Preview 1 [Internal Beta] - OpenHarmony 3.2 L0-L2 (API 9) HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview version equipped with latest base technology, open capabilities, and development kits. The new version comes with HarmonyOS kernel. Huawei Ark graphics engine added. Phones and tablets are tested. Native HMS Core built inside. Internally released developer only software on OpenHarmony base development stack.[22] August 4, 2023
HarmonyOS NEXT (4.0) Developer Preview 1 [Internal Beta] - OpenHarmony 4.0 L0-L2 (API 10) New graphical shells, including PC and tablet PC mode support.[23] October 26, 2023
HarmonyOS NEXT (4.1/4.1.1 - Canary Build) Developer Preview 1 [External Beta] - OpenHarmony 4.1 L0-L2 Beta 1 (API 10-11)

{System: OpenHarmony- 4.1.25[Canary1]}

A large number of ArkTS APIs have been added, and the scope of distributed hardware support has been expanded. Improved new graphical shells. PC APIs added.[24] HarmonyOS Kernel (Microkernel) retrofitted on Canary1 builds. January 18, 2024
HarmonyOS NEXT (4.1/4.1.1 - Canary Build) Developer Preview 1 [External Beta] HarmonyOS 2.0.0.59 SP3DEVCC00E59R4P1log - Canary Build 2) OpenHarmony 4.1 L0-L2 Beta 1 (API 10-11) HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 Beta rolled out on registered developers' handsets, Huawei Mate 60 Pro and other devices. February 29, 2024
HarmonyOS NEXT (5.0/5.0.0 - Canary Build) Developer Preview 2 [External Beta] HarmonyOS 2.0.0.66 SP3DEVCC00E59R4P1log - Canary Build 2) OpenHarmony 4.1 L0-L2 Beta 1 (API 11-12) External beta expansion of Developer Preview 2 rolled out on more registered developers' handsets with latest pre-release canary build.[25] April 2, 2024
HarmonyOS NEXT (5.0/5.0.0 Galaxy Edition) Public Beta HarmonyOS 5.0 OpenHarmony 5.0 L0-L2 (API 12) HarmonyOS NEXT Public Beta to roll out publicly to all developers June 21, 2024 at HDC 2024 annual event in China and global markets.[26] TBD June 21, 2024
HarmonyOS NEXT (5.0/5.0.0 Galaxy Edition)

Commercialisation [Stable]

HarmonyOS 5.0 OpenHarmony 5.0 L0-L2 (API 12) Commercialisation of HarmonyOS NEXT retrofitted on Galaxy Edition version for HarmonyOS 5.0 on supported Huawei consumer devices in Q4 2024, from Beta stage to stable.[27] Q3-Q4 TBD

September 30-October 9, 2024

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsui, Emiko. "Huawei launches HarmonyOS NEXT Galaxy version for developers". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  2. ^ "HMOS Architecture". Medium. Application Library Engineering Group. 5 April 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  3. ^ "Huawei reveals HarmonyOS NEXT will be based on Harmony Kernel".
  4. ^ a b "HarmonyOS NEXT is a pure HarmonyOS without Android apps and future of Huawei ecosystem". consumer.huawei.com. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  5. ^ Miller, James (2024-01-22). "HarmonyOS NEXT Kernel: Can Huawei's New Engine Outclass the Mighty Linux?". Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  6. ^ Emiko, Matsui. "Here are the HarmonyOS NEXT first developer beta batch devices". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  7. ^ Amit (2023-09-25). "Huawei released HarmonyOS NEXT". HU. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  8. ^ Cañete, Patrick (2023-08-10). "HarmonyOS NEXT is a standalone HUAWEI OS without Android apps". NoypiGeeks. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
  9. ^ Abdullah (2024-01-19). "HarmonyOS NEXT introduced without a single line of Android code". Gizchina.com. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  10. ^ Matsui, Emiko (2024-01-18). "HarmonyOS NEXT Galaxy stable rollout will begin in Q4 2024". Huawei Central. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
  11. ^ "华为发布 HarmonyOS NEXT 鸿蒙星河版，开发者预览版开放申请 - IT之家". www.ithome.com. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
  12. ^ "Package management subsystem". Gitee. OpenAtom OpenHarmony. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  13. ^ "ArkGraphics 2D简介". OpenAtom OpenHarmony. OpenAtom OpenHarmony. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  14. ^ Lai, Richard. "Huawei reveals HarmonyOS, its alternative to Android". Engadaget. Engadget. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  15. ^ "OpenHarmony/developtools_hdc". Gitee (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2024-04-13.
  16. ^ "Huawei built it's own in-house browser engine for it's new upcoming HarmonyOS NEXT operating system and open sourced it -". harmonyoshub.com. 2024-04-14. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  17. ^ "ATM". Gitee. OpenAtom OpenHarmony. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  18. ^ "OpenAtom OpenHarmony". docs.openharmony.cn. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  19. ^ "Distributed Package Management Service (DBMS)". Gitee. OpenAtom OpenHarmony. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  20. ^ Miao, Hao. "Huawei has released HarmonyOS NEXT HarmonyOS Galaxy Edition, and the developer preview version is open for application". IT Home. IT Home. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  21. ^ "Spatial audio". OpenAtom OpenHarmony. OpenAtom OpenHarmony. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  22. ^ Bhati, Kamlesh. "HarmonyOS NEXT Hands-on Experience: Pure HarmonyOS Without AOSP". Sparrownews.com. Sparrownews.com. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  23. ^ Sarkar, Amy. "HarmonyOS NEXT and HarmonyOS PC to shape a new direction for Huawei". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Huawei releases preview version of updated HarmonyOS Next as it accelerates shift away from Android". Yahoo News. South China Morning Post. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  25. ^ Harmony, Living In (2024-04-05). "April 2nd push of external beta rollout of HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 2 (2.0.0.66)". Living In Harmony. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
  26. ^ Matsui, Emiko. "Huawei to launch HarmonyOS NEXT beta at HDC 2024 event in June". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  27. ^ "The Next name is used for current transition stage. HDC will be brought forward to June 2024 - Insider Report". Substack. LivingInHarmony Blog. Retrieved 8 March 2024.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to HarmonyOS.
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