Draft:Bashkir rebellion of 1834–1835

The rebellion of 1834-1835 – was the last major anti-feudal uprising of the masses in Historical Bashkortostan before the abolition of serfdom. None of the subsequent actions reached the scale that this uprising had. The uprising of 1834-1835 had its roots in the Bashkir uprisings of the 18th and 19th centuries. In addition to the Bashkirs, state peasants, Orenburg Cossacks, Mishars and Teptyari (about 40 thousand people) also participated in the uprising.

Bashkir rebellion of 1834-1835
Part of Potato riots
Date Spring-summer 1835 Location In the territories Perm, Orenburg and neighboring provinces Result Suppression of the uprising
Belligerents
Russian Empire	Bashkir rebels and rebels from the state peasants, mishars, Orenburg Cossacks
Commanders and leaders
Vasily Perovsky	Baymukhammet Mindiyarov Rakhmetulla Yuldashev Tazetdin Sharipov
Strength
2,000 soldiers	About 40,000 people
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Arrested 370-427 people

Causes of the uprising

The uprisings happened because the peasants feared losing their freedoms. On January 16, 1830, a draft law was approved on the exchange of impoverished specific peasants of the central provinces for state-owned villages of multi-land eastern provinces (including Perm and Orenburg). The situation of the individual peasants was more difficult than that of the state peasants. They were forbidden to move, they were restricted in property rights, etc. Therefore, the state peasants (and Bashkirs, too) were strongly opposed to the transfer to the inheritance.

Bashkirs were afraid of losing the economic and legal freedoms that the military Cossack service guaranteed them: freedom from paying corvee, dues, etc. The reason for the Bashkirs speech was also rumors that Bashkirs were "appointed to the lot, that all officials sold them to some senator Medvedev through deception, that the new bread shops will be the homes of Senator Medvedev or the offices of some new administration.

There were many state and specific peasants among the Russian peasants in Bashkortostan. The former paid taxes to the state treasury, and the appanages were the property of the royal family. The situation of the individual peasants was difficult. The unbearable rent ruined their economy. Tsar Nicholas I decided to transfer three hundred thousand state peasants to the category of specific and, conversely, to transfer three hundred thousand specific peasants to the category of state. By doing this, he hoped to increase the income of the royal family: more prosperous peasants would regularly pay the rent. The transfer of state peasants to the appanage meant turning them into serfs.

Rumors about the tsar's decision caused a spontaneous uprising of the peasants of the Orenburg and Perm provinces in 1834.

The place of the uprising

The uprising unfolded in the territories Perm, Orenburg and neighboring provinces.

The course of hostilities

The movement began in the Perm province, with the unrest of the state peasants in the autumn of 1834.

Soon the uprising engulfed Kungursky and Krasnoufimsky counties Perm province, as well as Birsky, parts Trinity, Ufa and Belebeyevsky counties of Orenburg province.

On June 12, 1835, near the village of Baykino (Kungursky Uyezd), there was a clash of government troops with a detachment of peasants of 3 thousand people. Very few peasants were armed with guns, the rest with axes, scythes, sticks. The soldiers scattered the peasant detachment with rifle fire. 5 people were killed and 34 wounded on the spot.

The Bashkirs expelled the tsarist officials, then they took an oath from the nearest cantonal chief in the presence of a mullah that he had no instructions on the transfer of Bashkirs to the inheritance and on the conversion of Muslims to the Christian faith.

Governor-General of the Orenburg Province V. A. Perovsky addressed the Mufti of the Orenburg Spiritual Assembly Gabdesallyam Gabdrakhimov for a fatwa (message) to the rebellious Bashkirs. The fatwa has not been particularly widespread, but it indicates that a lot has been done to convince Bashkirs by ideological methods. Gabdesallyam Gabdrakhimov himself was from that category of people who can be called conscientious performers — he diligently carried out the orders of the Governor-General[7]. Due to the complete disorganization and fragmentation of the speeches, the Orenburg military governor managed to quickly suppress the uprising. To do this, he used Bashkir regiments[8].

The punishers brutally dealt with the participants of the uprising. They were beaten with sticks (inflicted from 500 to 4000 blows), and then exiled to Siberia for hard labor. As a result of punitive actions, 370-427 people were convicted by the Ufa military court[3][9], 16 of them died during the execution[10].

Results of the uprising

Despite the locality and poor organization, the uprising of 1834-1835 was of great importance. By their selfless struggle, Russian state peasants, Bashkirs and other peoples of the region have preserved their personal freedom. The tsarist authorities had to abandon plans to transfer the inhabitants of the Urals, including Historical Bashkortostan, to specific departments and more carefully pursue a policy towards the non-Russian people.

Notes

1. Военная история башкир:энциклопедия/под ред.А.З. Асфандиярова.Уфа:Башк.энцикл..,2013.С.128 2.Военная история башкир:энциклопедия/под ред.А.З. Асфандиярова.Уфа:Башк.энцикл..,2013.С.127 3.История башкирского народа.Том 3.Уфа:Наука.,2007.,С.219 4.Chrome Create Link http://bashenc.online/ru/index.php/prosmotr/2-statya/10207-respublika-bashkortostan/ 5.http://bashenc.online/ru/index.php/prosmotr/2-statya/10207-respublika-bashkortostan/ Chrome Create Link https://web.archive.org/web/20130602184340/http://encycl.bash-portal.ru/bash_vosst.htm/

Links

Народное восстание 1834-1835 годов Народное восстание 1834-1835

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