Draft:Adoption in Georgia
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Adoption in Georgia deals with the adoption process in the various parts of Georgia, whereby a person assumes or acquires the permanent, legal status of parenthood in relation to a child under the age of 18 in place of the child's birth or biological parents.[1]
Legal framework[edit]
Adoption was outlawed by the Bolshevik government on the grounds that it was an economically exploitative system; however, adoption was legalized again in 1926, with adoptive parents given financial incentives. Following World War II, with hundreds of thousands of displaced and orphaned children, the Soviet government strongly promoted adoption as a moral and patriotic duty.
The Georgian framework of adoption is rooted in both the Soviet legal system and the promotion of the child's welfare and well-being.[2]
Same-sex couple adoptions[edit]
International adoptions[edit]
In Georgia, Articles 44 to 58 of the adoption and foster care law (2012) address international adoptions.[1]
Statistics[edit]
Societal perceptions[edit]
The Georgian Orthodox Church, as well as the Georgian National Council on Bioethics, will suggest adoption to childless couples over assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as in vitro fertilisation and especially surrogacy. Ilia II of Georgia, the patriarch of the Georgian Orthodox Church, strongly criticized ART as harmful for both society and the emotional development of the resulting child.[3]
Illegal adoptions[edit]
In 2021, the journalist Tamuna Museridze learned that she was adopted and established a Facebook group, Vedzeb, to find her birth family. The group was in part responsible for uncovering a illegal adoption market that operated in Georgia from the early 1950s to 2005 (some estimates suggest it began in the 1980s).[4][5] Museridze estimated up to 100,000 infants were illegally taken from their birth families, who were often told the infants had died and were buried in the hospital cemetery; Georgian hospitals do not have cemeteries.[4]
Prior to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, boys were sold within Georgia for 1,500 maneti, while girls were sold for 1,000 maneti, roughly the equivalent of a year's salary.[5] After 1993, international adoptions became possible and Western families began paying significantly higher prices for Georgian children. Museridze stated the last known case was in 2005, when foreign families were paying around US$20,000 (equivalent to $31,201 in 2023) for an illegally adopted infant.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Law of Georgia on Adoption and Foster Care, 25 May 2012, retrieved 28 January 2024
- ^ Stanley, Alessandra (1997-06-29). "Hands Off Our Babies, a Georgian Tells America". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-27.
- ^ Körner, Annabell (5 December 2019). “Child in Every Family!“ – Family Planning, Infertility, and Assisted Reproduction in Tbilisi, Georgia (PhD thesis). Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
- ^ a b Morris, Woody; Nurse, Fay (2024-01-26). "Georgia's stolen children: Twins sold at birth reunited by TikTok video". BBC. Retrieved 2024-01-28.
- ^ a b c Shamanauri, Khatia (2022-12-09). "'They told my mother I died, but I was stolen and sold'". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2024-01-28.